android蓝牙4.0(BLE)开发之ibeacon初步

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此文使用的ibeacon模块是april beacon,至于什么是ibeacon。本文不做解释,具体请自查。

一个april beacon里携带的信息如下

0201061AFF4C0002159069BDB88C11416BAC3F33468C2788A3044B0378C60C09417072696C426561636F6E051250002003020A0000000000000000000000

具体是什么意思呢

02  Number of bytes that follow in first AD structure01  Flags AD type06     Flags value 0x1A = 000011010       bit 0 (OFF) LE Limited Discoverable Mode       bit 1 (ON) LE General Discoverable Mode       bit 2 (OFF) BR/EDR Not Supported       bit 3 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (controller)       bit 4 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (Host)1a Number of bytes that follow in second (and last) AD structure前面是常规智能硬件广播包部分ff (FF代表后面是Manufacture Data)4c 00   (组织标识,0x4c00苹果公司标识,https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us/specification/assigned-numbers/company-identifiers)020x02 ibeacon标识位)150x15,22个字节标识长度,uuid,major,minor总和的长度)90 69 bd b8-8c 11-41 6b-ac 3f-33 46 8c 27 88 a3 (Proximity UUID)04 4b(1099,major)03 78(888,minor)c6  (切记这里是补码,转化为原码就是-58,iBeacon的信号发出强度值,用来作为和RSSI一起测距的基准 ,txPower)        计算            C6            1100 0110 补码            1100 0101 反码            1011 1010 原码            -(32+16+8+2)            -580c09    (未知)417072696c426561636f6e(AprilBeacon字符串对应的十六进制)051250002003020a0000000000000000000000(未知)

Proximity UUID :这是将你所有的beacon与其他人的beacon设备区别开的id!例如,目前在商店里某个区域分布着多个beacon形成一条“链带”,用于为顾客提供特定的服务,那么归属于同一条“链带”的beacon将分配到相同的proximity UUID。为这条“链带”设计的专用应用程序将会在后台使用这个UUID扫描到这条“链带”中的beacon设备。

major 编号:用于将相关的beacon标识为一组。例如,一个商店中的所有beacon将会分配到相同的major编号。通过这种方式,应用程序就能够知道顾客位于哪一家商店。

minor 标号:用于标识特定的beacon设备。例如一个商店中的每一个beacon设备都拥有唯一的minor编号,这样你才能够知道顾客位于商店中的哪个位置。

Measuring distance(测量距离)
最后一个值, TX power ,用于确定你和beacon之间距离有多近。根据这个值不但可以获得粗略的信息(比如靠近/远离/不在范围内等),也可以获取精确到米的距离(当然你也可以转换为以步为单位的距离)。那么如何实现?

TX power (上面例子中为0xC6=198,根据2的补码测得256-198=-58dBm)是距离设备1米测得的信号强度值(RSSI- Received Signal Strength Indication,接收到的信号强弱指标)。假如接收到的信号强度减弱了,那么我们可能在远离。只要知道1米距离的RSSI,以及当前的RSSI(我们可以从接收到的信号中一块获取到这些信息),那么计算出当前的距离是可能的。IOS已经实现了个这个功能,对于其它平台需要自己手动编码计算 。

一个简单的测距函数

protected static double calculateAccuracy(int txPower, double rssi) {        if (rssi == 0) {            return -1.0; // if we cannot determine accuracy, return -1.        }        double ratio = rssi * 1.0 / txPower;        if (ratio < 1.0) {            return Math.pow(ratio, 10);        } else {            double accuracy = (0.89976) * Math.pow(ratio, 7.7095) + 0.111;            return accuracy;        }    }

在使用蓝牙时需要加权限

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

关键代码如下

package cn.edu.zafu.ble;import android.app.Activity;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {            Intent enableBluetooth = new Intent(                    BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);            startActivityForResult(enableBluetooth, 1);        }        mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);    }    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {        @Override        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, final int rssi,                final byte[] scanRecord) {            int startByte = 2;            boolean patternFound = false;            // 寻找ibeacon            while (startByte <= 5) {                if (((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && // Identifies                                                                        // an                                                                        // iBeacon                        ((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { // Identifies                                                                            // correct                                                                            // data                                                                            // length                    patternFound = true;                    break;                }                startByte++;            }            // 如果找到了的话            if (patternFound) {                // 转换为16进制                byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];                System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);                String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);                // ibeacon的UUID值                String uuid = hexString.substring(0, 8) + "-"                        + hexString.substring(8, 12) + "-"                        + hexString.substring(12, 16) + "-"                        + hexString.substring(16, 20) + "-"                        + hexString.substring(20, 32);                // ibeacon的Major值                int major = (scanRecord[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100                        + (scanRecord[startByte + 21] & 0xff);                // ibeacon的Minor值                int minor = (scanRecord[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100                        + (scanRecord[startByte + 23] & 0xff);                String ibeaconName = device.getName();                String mac = device.getAddress();                int txPower = (scanRecord[startByte + 24]);                Log.d("BLE",bytesToHex(scanRecord));                Log.d("BLE", "Name:" + ibeaconName + "\nMac:" + mac                        + " \nUUID:" + uuid + "\nMajor:" + major + "\nMinor:"                        + minor + "\nTxPower:" + txPower + "\nrssi:" + rssi);                Log.d("BLE","distance:"+calculateAccuracy(txPower,rssi));            }        }    };    static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();    private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];        for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];        }        return new String(hexChars);    }    protected static double calculateAccuracy(int txPower, double rssi) {        if (rssi == 0) {            return -1.0; // if we cannot determine accuracy, return -1.        }        double ratio = rssi * 1.0 / txPower;        if (ratio < 1.0) {            return Math.pow(ratio, 10);        } else {            double accuracy = (0.89976) * Math.pow(ratio, 7.7095) + 0.111;            return accuracy;        }    }}

至此,本文也就结束,所谓初步,就是获取ibeacon模块的基本信息。

源码下载
http://download.csdn.net/detail/sbsujjbcy/8503507

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