wordpress数据库CURD操作

使用说明

请不要直接调用wpdb类中的方法。WordPress定义了$wpdb的全局变量，所以请直接调用该全局变量$wpdb的实例来操作数据库。（调用之前不要忘了声明引用全局变量$wpdb。参考globalize）

$wpdb对象可以用来操作WordPress数据库中的每一个表，不仅仅是WordPress自动创建的基本表。例如，你有一个自定义的表叫做mytable，那么可以使用如下语句来查询：

$myrows = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT id, name FROM mytable" );

$wpdb对象可以读取多个表，但是其只针对WordPress的数据库。如果你需要连接其他数据库，那么你应该使用你自己的数据库连接信息，并调用wpdb类来创建一个你自己的数据库操作实例。如果你有多个数据库需要连接，那么你可以考虑使用hyperdb来替代$wpdb。

Run Any Query on the Database

The query function allows you to execute any SQL query on the WordPress database. It is best to use a more specific function (see below), however, for SELECT queries.

 <?php $wpdb->query('query'); ?> 

query 

(string) The SQL query you wish to execute.

The function returns an integer corresponding to the number of rows affected/selected. If there is a MySQL error, the function will return FALSE. (Note: since both 0 and FALSE can be returned, make sure you use the correct comparison operator: equality == vs. identicality ===).

Note: As with all functions in this class that execute SQL queries, you must SQL escape all inputs (e.g., wpdb->escape($user_entered_data_string)). See the section entitled Protect Queries Against SQL Injection Attacks below.

Examples

Delete the 'gargle' meta key and value from Post 13.

$wpdb->query("DELETE FROM $wpdb->postmeta WHERE post_id = '13'AND meta_key = 'gargle'");

Performed in WordPress by delete_post_meta().

Set the parent of Page 15 to Page 7.

$wpdb->query("UPDATE $wpdb->posts SET post_parent = 7WHERE ID = 15 AND post_status = 'static'");

SELECT a Variable

The get_var function returns a single variable from the database. Though only one variable is returned, the entire result of the query is cached for later use. Returns NULL if no result is found.

 <?php $wpdb->get_var('query',column_offset,row_offset); ?> 

query 

(string) The query you wish to run. Setting this parameter to null will return the specified variable from the cached results of the previous query.

column_offset 

(integer) The desired column (0 being the first). Defaults to 0.

row_offset 

(integer) The desired row (0 being the first). Defaults to 0.

Examples

Retrieve and display the number of users.

<?php$user_count = $wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->users;"));echo '<p>User count is ' . $user_count . '</p>';?>

Retrieve and display the sum of a Custom Field value.

<?php$meta_key = 'miles';//set this to appropriate custom field meta key$allmiles=$wpdb->get_var($wpdb->prepare("SELECT sum(meta_value) FROM $wpdb->postmeta WHERE meta_key = %s", $meta_key));echo '<p>Total miles is '.$allmiles . '</p>';?> 

SELECT a Row

To retrieve an entire row from a query, use get_row. The function can return the row as an object, an associative array, or as a numerically indexed array. If more than one row is returned by the query, only the specified row is returned by the function, but all rows are cached for later use. Returns NULL if no result is found.

 <?php $wpdb->get_row('query', output_type, row_offset); ?> 

query 

(string) The query you wish to run.

output_type 

One of three pre-defined constants. Defaults to OBJECT.

• OBJECT - result will be output as an object.
• ARRAY_A - result will be output as an associative array.
• ARRAY_N - result will be output as a numerically indexed array.

row_offset 

(integer) The desired row (0 being the first). Defaults to 0.

Examples

Get all the information about Link 10.

$mylink = $wpdb->get_row("SELECT * FROM $wpdb->links WHERE link_id = 10");

The properties of the $mylink object are the column names of the result from the SQL query (in this all of the columns from the $wpdb->links table).

echo $mylink->link_id; // prints "10"

In contrast, using

$mylink = $wpdb->get_row("SELECT * FROM $wpdb->links WHERE link_id = 10", ARRAY_A);

would result in an associative array:

echo $mylink['link_id']; // prints "10"

and

$mylink = $wpdb->get_row("SELECT * FROM $wpdb->links WHERE link_id = 10", ARRAY_N);

would result in a numerically indexed array:

echo $mylink[1]; // prints "10"

SELECT a Column

To SELECT a column, use get_col. This function outputs a dimensional array. If more than one column is returned by the query, only the specified column will be returned by the function, but the entire result is cached for later use. Returns an empty array if no result is found.

 <?php $wpdb->get_col('query',column_offset); ?> 

query 

(string) the query you wish to execute. Setting this parameter to null will return the specified column from the cached results of the previous query.

column_offset 

(integer) The desired column (0 being the first). Defaults to 0.

Examples

For this example, assume the blog is devoted to information about automobiles. Each post describes a particular car (e.g. 1969 Ford Mustang), and three Custom Fields, manufacturer, model, and year, are assigned to each post. This example will display the post titles, filtered by a particular manufacturer (Ford), and sorted by model and year.

The get_col form of the wpdb Class is used to return an array of all the post ids meeting the criteria and sorted in the correct order. Then a foreach construct is used to iterate through that array of post ids, displaying the title of each post. Note that the SQL for this example was created by Andomar.

<?php $meta_key1 = 'model';$meta_key2 = 'year';$meta_key3 = 'manufacturer';$meta_key3_value = 'Ford';$postids=$wpdb->get_col($wpdb->prepare("SELECT      key3.post_idFROM        $wpdb->postmeta key3INNER JOIN  $wpdb->postmeta key1             on key1.post_id = key3.post_id            and key1.meta_key = %s INNER JOIN  $wpdb->postmeta key2            on key2.post_id = key3.post_id            and key2.meta_key = %sWHERE       key3.meta_key = %s             and key3.meta_value = %sORDER BY    key1.meta_value, key2.meta_value",$meta_key1, $meta_key2, $meta_key3, $meta_key3_value)); if ($postids) {  echo 'List of ' . $meta_key3_value . '(s), sorted by ' . $meta_key1 . ', ' . $meta_key2;  foreach ($postids as $id) {     $post=get_post(intval($id));    setup_postdata($post);?>    <p><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></p>    <?php  } }?>

This example lists all posts that contain a particular custom field, but sorted by the value of a second custom field.

<?php//List all posts with custom field Color, sorted by the value of custom field Display_Order//does not exclude any 'post_type'//assumes each post has just one custom field for Color, and one for Display_Order$meta_key1 = 'Color';$meta_key2 = 'Display_Order';$postids=$wpdb->get_col($wpdb->prepare("SELECT      key1.post_idFROM        $wpdb->postmeta key1INNER JOIN  $wpdb->postmeta key2            on key2.post_id = key1.post_id            and key2.meta_key = %sWHERE       key1.meta_key = %sORDER BY    key2.meta_value+(0) ASC",         $meta_key2,$meta_key1)); if ($postids) {  echo 'List of '. $meta_key1  . ' posts, sorted by ' . $meta_key2 ;  foreach ($postids as $id) {    $post=get_post(intval($id));    setup_postdata($post);?>    <p><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></p>    <?php  }}?>

SELECT Generic Results

Generic, mulitple row results can be pulled from the database with get_results. The function returns the entire query result as an array. Each element of this array corresponds to one row of the query result and, like get_row, can be an object, an associative array, or a numbered array.

 <?php $wpdb->get_results('query', output_type); ?> 

query 

(string) The query you wish to run. Setting this parameter to null will return the data from the cached results of the previous query.

output_type 

One of four pre-defined constants. Defaults to OBJECT. See SELECT a Rowand its examples for more information.

• OBJECT - result will be output as a numerically indexed array of row objects.
• OBJECT_K - result will be output as an associative array of row objects, using first column's values as keys (duplicates will be discarded).
• ARRAY_A - result will be output as an numerically indexed array of associative arrays, using column names as keys.
• ARRAY_N - result will be output as a numerically indexed array of numerically indexed arrays.

Since this function uses the '$wpdb->query()' function all the class variables are properly set. The results count for a 'SELECT' query will be stored in $wpdb->num_rows.

Examples

Get the IDs and Titles of all the Drafts by User 5 and echo the Titles.

$fivesdrafts = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT ID, post_title FROM $wpdb->postsWHERE post_status = 'draft' AND post_author = 5");foreach ($fivesdrafts as $fivesdraft) {echo $fivesdraft->post_title;}

Get all information on the Drafts by User 5.

<?php$fivesdrafts = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT * FROM $wpdb->postsWHERE post_status = 'draft' AND post_author = 5");if ($fivesdrafts) :foreach ($fivesdrafts as $post) :setup_postdata($post);?><h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" rel="bookmark"title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2><?phpendforeach;else :?>    <h2> Not Found</h2><?php endif; ?>

INSERT rows

Insert a row into a table.

 <?php $wpdb->insert( $table, $data, $format ); ?> 

table 

(string) The name of the table to insert data into.

data 

(array) Data to insert (in column => value pairs). Both $data columns and $data values should be "raw" (neither should be SQL escaped).

format 

(array|string) (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the value in $data. If string, that format will be used for all of the values in $data. If omitted, all values in $data will be treated as strings unless otherwise specified in wpdb::$field_types.

Possible format values: %s as string; %d as decimal number; and %f as float.

After insert, the ID generated for the AUTO_INCREMENT column can be accessed with:

$wpdb->insert_id

This function returns false if the row could not be inserted.

Examples

Insert two columns in a row, the first value being a string and the second a number:

$wpdb->insert( 'table', array( 'column1' => 'value1', 'column2' => 123 ), array( '%s', '%d' ) )

UPDATE rows 更新记录

更新数据库的记录。

 <?php $wpdb->update( $table, $data, $where, $format = null, $where_format = null ); ?> 

table 

(string) 要更新的表名称。

data 

(array) 需要更新的数据（使用格式：column => value）。Both $data columns and $data values should be "raw" (neither should be SQL escaped).

where 

(array) A named array of WHERE clauses (in column => value pairs). Multiple clauses will be joined with ANDs. Both $where columns and $where values should be "raw".

format 

(array|string) (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $data. If string, that format will be used for all of the values in $data.

where_format 

(array|string) (optional) An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $where. If string, that format will be used for all of the items in $where.

Possible format values: %s as string; %d as decimal number and %f as float. If omitted, all values in $where will be treated as strings.

范例

Update a row, where the ID is 1, the value in the first column is a string and the value in the second column is a number:

$wpdb->update( 'table', array( 'column1' => 'value1', 'column2' => 'value2' ), array( 'ID' => 1 ), array( '%s', '%d' ), array( '%d' ) )

Protect Queries Against SQL Injection Attacks

For a more complete overview of SQL escaping in WordPress, see database Data Validation. That Data Validation article is a must-read for all WordPress code contributors and plugin authors.

Briefly, though, all data in SQL queries must be SQL-escaped before the SQL query is executed to prevent against SQL injection attacks. This can be conveniently done with theprepare method, which supports both a sprintf()-like and vsprintf()-like syntax.

<?php $sql = $wpdb->prepare( 'query' [, value_parameter, value_parameter ... ] ); ?>

query 

(string) The SQL query you wish to execute, with %s and %d placeholders. Any other % characters may cause parsing errors unless they are escaped. All % characters inside SQL string literals, including LIKE wildcards, must be double-% escaped as %%.

value_parameter 

(int|string|array) The value to substitute into the placeholder. Many values may be passed by simply passing more arguments in a sprintf()-like fashion. Alternatively the second argument can be an array containing the values as in PHP's vsprintf() function. Care must be taken not to allow direct user input to this parameter, which would enable array manipulation of any query with multiple placeholders. Values must not already be SQL-escaped.

Examples

Add Meta key => value pair "Harriet's Adages" => "WordPress' database interface is like Sunday Morning: Easy." to Post 10.

$metakey = "Harriet's Adages";$metavalue = "WordPress' database interface is like Sunday Morning: Easy.";$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT INTO $wpdb->postmeta( post_id, meta_key, meta_value )VALUES ( %d, %s, %s )",         10, $metakey, $metavalue ) );

Performed in WordPress by add_meta().

The same query using vsprintf()-like syntax.

$metakey = "Harriet's Adages";$metavalue = "WordPress' database interface is like Sunday Morning: Easy.";$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT INTO $wpdb->postmeta( post_id, meta_key, meta_value )VALUES ( %d, %s, %s )",         array(10, $metakey, $metavalue) ) );

Note that in this example we pack the values together in an array. This can be useful when we don't know the number of arguments we need to pass until runtime.

Notice that you do not have to worry about quoting strings. Instead of passing the variables directly into the SQL query, use a %s placeholder for strings and a %d placedolder for integers. You can pass as many values as you like, each as a new parameter in the prepare() method.

Show and Hide SQL Errors

You can turn error echoing on and off with the show_errors and hide_errors, respectively.

 <?php $wpdb->show_errors(); ?> 
 <?php $wpdb->hide_errors(); ?> 

You can also print the error (if any) generated by the most recent query with print_error.

 <?php $wpdb->print_error(); ?> 

Getting Column Information

You can retrieve information about the columns of the most recent query result with get_col_info. This can be useful when a function has returned an OBJECT whose properties you don't know. The function will output the desired information from the specified column, or an array with information on all columns from the query result if no column is specified.

 <?php $wpdb->get_col_info('type', offset); ?> 

type 

(string) What information you wish to retrieve. May take on any of the following values (list taken from the ezSQL docs). Defaults to name.

• name - column name. Default.
• table - name of the table the column belongs to
• max_length - maximum length of the column
• not_null - 1 if the column cannot be NULL
• primary_key - 1 if the column is a primary key
• unique_key - 1 if the column is a unique key
• multiple_key - 1 if the column is a non-unique key
• numeric - 1 if the column is numeric
• blob - 1 if the column is a BLOB
• type - the type of the column
• unsigned - 1 if the column is unsigned
• zerofill - 1 if the column is zero-filled

offset 

(integer) Specify the column from which to retrieve information (with 0 being the first column). Defaults to -1.

• -1 - Retrieve information from all columns. Output as array. Default.
• Non-negative integer - Retrieve information from specified column (0 being the first).

Clearing the Cache

You can clear the SQL result cache with flush.

 <?php $wpdb->flush(); ?> 

This clears $wpdb->last_result, $wpdb->last_query, and $wpdb->col_info.

Class Variables

$show_errors 

Whether or not Error echoing is turned on. Defaults to TRUE.

$num_queries 

The number of queries that have been executed.

$last_query 

The most recent query to have been executed.

$queries 

You may save all of the queries run on the database and their stop times by setting the SAVEQUERIES constant to TRUE (this constant defaults to FALSE). If SAVEQUERIES is TRUE, your queries will be stored in this variable as an array.

$last_result 

The most recent query results.

$col_info 

The column information for the most recent query results. See Getting Column Information.

$insert_id 

ID generated for an AUTO_INCREMENT column by the most recent INSERT query.

$num_rows 

The number of rows returned by the last query.

$prefix 

The assigned WordPress table prefix for the site.

Multi-Site Variables

If you are using Multi-Site, you also have access to the following:

$blogid 

The id of the current site (blog).

Tables

The WordPress database tables are easily referenced in the wpdb class.

$posts 

The table of Posts.

$postmeta 

The Meta Content (a.k.a. Custom Fields) table.

$comments 

The Comments table.

$commentmeta 

The table contains additional comment information.

$terms 

The terms table contains the 'description' of Categories, Link Categories, Tags.

$term_taxonomy 

The term_taxonomy table describes the various taxonomies (classes of terms). Categories, Link Categories, and Tags are taxonomies.

$term_relationships 

The term relationships table contains link between the term and the object that uses that term, meaning this file point to each Category used for each Post.

$users 

The table of Users.

$usermeta 

The usermeta table contains additional user information, such as nicknames, descriptions and permissions.

$links 

The table of Links.

$options 

The Options table.

转载自http://www.cnblogs.com/huangcong/archive/2011/07/12/2104398.html