如何得到Windows操作系统版本信息（包括2003 R2、Vista和Windows 2008 Server）

    在程序中判断Windows版本这本应该是一个极其简单的API就能完成的工作，但由于微软的失误，使得Windows操作系统家族的版本正变得混乱不堪，一个最新的例子是Windows Vista和Windows 2008 Server的版本均为6.0。上世纪90年代Windows 9x和Windows NT的版本混乱主要是因为程序员的错误（或失误）导致的，那么这一次的版本混乱又是因为什么导致的？如果是某些人为的决定导致这样的结果，我只能说这个决定是极其愚蠢的，因为这个愚蠢的决定已经导致版本的意义完全失去了。
    废话不多说了，直接贴代码，以下代码可在Vs2005/Vs2008下编译通过。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifndef WSTR
#define WSTR(x) L##x
#endif 

#ifndef SM_SERVERR2
#define SM_SERVERR2 89
#endif 

// 前置声明
WCHAR* GetOperationSystemInfoOld( WCHAR* szBuffer,size_t szLength);

// GetNativeSystemInfo函数原型(WOW64) (XP,Vista,2003,2008)
typedef void (WINAPI *PGNSI)(LPSYSTEM_INFO lpSystemInfo);

// GetProductInfo函数原型(Vista/2008)
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PGPI)(DWORD dwOSMajorVersion, DWORD dwOSMinorVersion, DWORD dwSpMajorVersion, DWORD dwSpMinorVersion, PDWORD pdwReturnedProductType);

// ProductType常量
#define PRODUCT_UNDEFINED                            0x00000000    // An unknown product
#define PRODUCT_ULTIMATE                            0x00000001    // Ultimate Edition
#define PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC                            0x00000002    // Home Basic Edition
#define PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM                        0x00000003    // Home Premium Edition
#define PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE                            0x00000004    // Enterprise Edition
#define PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC_N                        0x00000005    // Home Basic Edition
#define PRODUCT_BUSINESS                            0x00000006    // Business Edition
#define PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER                        0x00000007    // Server Standard Edition (full installation)
#define PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER                    0x00000008    // Server Datacenter Edition (full installation)
#define PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER                0x00000009    // Small Business Server
#define PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER                    0x0000000A    // Server Enterprise Edition (full installation)
#define PRODUCT_STARTER                                0x0000000B    // Starter Edition
#define PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER_CORE                0x0000000C    // Server Datacenter Edition (core installation)
#define PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_CORE                0x0000000D    // Server Standard Edition (core installation)
#define PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_CORE                0x0000000E    // Server Enterprise Edition (core installation)
#define PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_IA64                0x0000000F    // Server Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems
#define PRODUCT_BUSINESS_N                            0x00000010    // Business Edition
#define PRODUCT_WEB_SERVER                            0x00000011    // Web Server Edition (full installation)
#define PRODUCT_CLUSTER_SERVER                        0x00000012    // Cluster Server Edition
#define PRODUCT_HOME_SERVER                            0x00000013    // Home Server Edition
#define PRODUCT_STORAGE_EXPRESS_SERVER                0x00000014    // Storage Server Express Edition
#define PRODUCT_STORAGE_STANDARD_SERVER                0x00000015    // Storage Server Standard Edition
#define PRODUCT_STORAGE_WORKGROUP_SERVER            0x00000016    // Storage Server Workgroup Edition
#define PRODUCT_STORAGE_ENTERPRISE_SERVER            0x00000017    // Storage Server Enterprise Edition
#define PRODUCT_SERVER_FOR_SMALLBUSINESS            0x00000018    // Server for Small Business Edition
#define PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER_PREMIUM        0x00000019    // Small Business Server Premium Edition
#define PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM_N                        0x0000001A    // Home Premium Edition
#define PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_N                        0x0000001B    // Enterprise Edition
#define PRODUCT_ULTIMATE_N                            0x0000001C    // Ultimate Edition
#define PRODUCT_WEB_SERVER_CORE                        0x0000001D    // Web Server Edition (core installation)
#define PRODUCT_UNLICENSED                            0xABCDABCD    // Unlicensed edition


/// <summary> 
///        获得操作系统的信息（2000以前）。
/// </summary> 
/// <param name="szBuffer">
///        用于保存信息的缓冲区(必须足够大)。
/// </param>
/// <returns>
///        返回操作系统信息。
/// </returns>
WCHAR* GetOperationSystemInfoOld( WCHAR* szBuffer,size_t szLength)
{
    // 获得操作系统版本信息
    OSVERSIONINFOW osvi            = { 0 };
    osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize    = sizeof( OSVERSIONINFOW );
    if( !GetVersionExW( &osvi ) )
    {
        szBuffer[0] = WSTR( '' );
        return szBuffer;
    }
    LPWSTR pszTemp            = szBuffer;
    size_t szTempLen        = szLength;
    int    iLength            = 0;

    // Windows Me, Windows 98, or Windows 95
    if( osvi.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS )
    {
        if (osvi.dwMajorVersion == 4 && osvi.dwMinorVersion < 10 )
        {
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows 95 ") );
            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;
            if ( osvi.szCSDVersion[1] == 'C' || osvi.szCSDVersion[1] == 'B' )
            {
                iLength = swprintf( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("OSR2 ") );
                szTempLen -= iLength;
                pszTemp += iLength;
            }
        } 
        else  if (osvi.dwMajorVersion == 4 && osvi.dwMinorVersion == 10)
        {
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen,  WSTR("Microsoft Windows 98 ") );
            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;

            if ( osvi.szCSDVersion[1] == 'A' )
            {
                iLength = swprintf( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("SE ") );
                szTempLen -= iLength;
                pszTemp += iLength;
            }
        } 
        else if (osvi.dwMajorVersion == 4 && osvi.dwMinorVersion == 90)
        {
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows Millennium Edition ") );
            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;
        } 
    }
    else if( osvi.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT )
    {
        if ( osvi.dwMajorVersion <= 4 )
        {
            iLength = swprintf( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows NT"));
            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;


            // 从注册表获取更详细信息
            HKEY  hKey = NULL;
            WCHAR szProductType[256] = { 0 };
            DWORD dwBufLen = 256*sizeof(WCHAR);
            RegOpenKeyExW( HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, WSTR("SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control/ProductOptions"), 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, &hKey );
            RegQueryValueExW( hKey, WSTR("ProductType"), NULL, NULL,(LPBYTE) szProductType, &dwBufLen);
            RegCloseKey( hKey );

            iLength = 0;
            if ( lstrcmpiW( WSTR("WINNT"), szProductType) == 0 )
                iLength = swprintf( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Professional ") );
            else if ( lstrcmpiW( WSTR("LANMANNT"), szProductType) == 0 )
                iLength = swprintf( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Server ") );
            else if( lstrcmpiW( WSTR("SERVERNT"), szProductType) == 0 )
                iLength = swprintf( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Advanced Server ") );

            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;

            // 获取补丁包信息
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("version %d.%d %s (Build %d)"),
                osvi.dwMajorVersion, osvi.dwMinorVersion, osvi.szCSDVersion,osvi.dwBuildNumber & 0xFFFF);
            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;
        }
    }

    // 未知系统
    if( pszTemp == szBuffer )
    {
        iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows Unknown Edition,%s (%d.%d build %d)"),osvi.szCSDVersion,osvi.dwMajorVersion,osvi.dwMajorVersion,osvi.dwBuildNumber);
        szTempLen -= iLength;
        pszTemp += iLength;
    }

    return szBuffer;
}


/// <summary> 
///        获得操作系统的信息。
/// </summary> 
/// <param name="szBuffer">
///        用于保存信息的缓冲区(必须足够大)。
/// </param>
/// <returns>
///        返回操作系统信息。
/// </returns>
WCHAR* GetOperationSystemInfo( WCHAR* szBuffer,size_t szLength)
{
    OSVERSIONINFOEXW osvi    = {  0 };
    SYSTEM_INFO        si        = { 0  };
    LPWSTR pszTemp            = szBuffer;
    size_t szTempLen        = szLength;
    int    iLength            = 0;
    if( szBuffer == NULL || szLength == 0 ) return szBuffer;

    // 首先尝试使用OSVERSIONINFOEX结构(Windows 2000及以上支持）
    osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXW);
    if( !GetVersionExW ((OSVERSIONINFOW *) &osvi) )
    {
        // 使用OSVERSIONINFO（Windows95以上支持）
        return GetOperationSystemInfoOld( szBuffer,szLength );
    }

    // 获得系统信息
    PGNSI pGetNativeSystemInfo = (PGNSI) GetProcAddress( GetModuleHandleW(WSTR("kernel32.dll")), "GetNativeSystemInfo");
    if( pGetNativeSystemInfo != NULL )
        (*pGetNativeSystemInfo)( &si );
    else
        GetSystemInfo(&si);

    // 检查操作系统的版本信息
    if( osvi.dwPlatformId != VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT )
    {
        iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows Unknown Edition,%s (%d.%d build %d)"),osvi.szCSDVersion,osvi.dwMajorVersion,osvi.dwMajorVersion,osvi.dwBuildNumber);
        szTempLen -= iLength;
        pszTemp += iLength;
        return szBuffer;
    }

    // ASSERT( osvi.dwMajorVersion > 4 );
    if( osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osvi.dwMinorVersion == 0 ) // 5.0 Windows 2000
    {
        iLength        = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows 2000 ") );
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;

        // 详细版本信息
        if ( osvi.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION )
        {
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Professional ") );
        }
        else
        {
            if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_DATACENTER )
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen,WSTR( "Datacenter Server" ));
            else if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE )
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen,WSTR( "Advanced Server" )) ;
            else
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen,WSTR( "Server" ));
        }
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;
    }
    else if( osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5 && osvi.dwMinorVersion == 1 ) // 5.1 XP
    {
        iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows XP ") );
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;

        // 详细版本信息
        if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_PERSONAL )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Home Edition" ));
        else 
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Professional" ));
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;
    }
    else if( osvi.dwMajorVersion == 5 &&osvi.dwMinorVersion == 2 ) // 5.2 2003
    {
        if( GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2) )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Windows Server 2003 R2 "));
        else if ( osvi.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Windows Storage Server 2003 "));
        else if( osvi.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION &&    si.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Windows XP Professional x64 Edition"));
        else 
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Windows Server 2003 "));
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;

        // 详细版本信息
        iLength = 0;
        if ( osvi.wProductType != VER_NT_WORKSTATION )
        {
            if ( si.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_IA64 )
            {
                if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_DATACENTER )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Datacenter Edition for Itanium-based Systems" ));
                else if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems" ));
            }
            else if ( si.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 )
            {
                if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_DATACENTER )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Datacenter x64 Edition" ));
                else if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Enterprise x64 Edition" ));
                else 
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Standard x64 Edition" ));
            }
            else
            {
                if ( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Compute Cluster Edition" ));
                else if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_DATACENTER )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Datacenter Edition" ));
                else if( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Enterprise Edition" ));
                else if ( osvi.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_BLADE )
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Web Edition" ));
                else 
                    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( "Standard Edition" ));
            }
        }
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;
    }
    else if( osvi.dwMajorVersion == 6 && osvi.dwMinorVersion == 0 ) // 6.0 vista and 2008
    {
        if( osvi.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Windows Vista "));
        else 
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Windows Server 2008 " ));
        szTempLen    -= iLength;
        pszTemp        += iLength;

        // 获得GetProductInfo函数原型
        PGPI   pGetProductInfo  = NULL;
        pGetProductInfo = (PGPI) GetProcAddress( GetModuleHandleW(WSTR("kernel32.dll")), "GetProductInfo");
        if( pGetProductInfo != NULL )
        {
            DWORD dwProductType = 0;
            (*pGetProductInfo)( 6,0,0,0,&dwProductType);
            switch( dwProductType )
            {
            case PRODUCT_ULTIMATE:
            case PRODUCT_ULTIMATE_N:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Ultimate Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM:
            case PRODUCT_HOME_PREMIUM_N:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Home Premium Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC:
            case PRODUCT_HOME_BASIC_N:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Home Basic Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_HOME_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Home Server Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE:
            case PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_N:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Enterprise Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_BUSINESS:
            case PRODUCT_BUSINESS_N:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Business Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STARTER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Starter Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_CLUSTER_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Cluster Server Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Datacenter Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_DATACENTER_SERVER_CORE:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Datacenter Edition (core installation)" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Enterprise Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_CORE:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Enterprise Edition (core installation)" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_ENTERPRISE_SERVER_IA64:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Enterprise Edition for Itanium-based Systems" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Small Business Server" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_SMALLBUSINESS_SERVER_PREMIUM:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Small Business Server Premium Edition" ));
                break;
            case  PRODUCT_SERVER_FOR_SMALLBUSINESS:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Server for Small Business Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Standard Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STANDARD_SERVER_CORE:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Standard Edition (core installation)" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_WEB_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Web Server Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_WEB_SERVER_CORE:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Web Server Edition (core installation)" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STORAGE_ENTERPRISE_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Storage Server Enterprise Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STORAGE_EXPRESS_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Storage Server Express Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STORAGE_STANDARD_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Storage Server Standard Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_STORAGE_WORKGROUP_SERVER:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Storage Server Workgroup Edition" ));
                break;
            case PRODUCT_UNLICENSED:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Unlicensed Edition" ));
                break;
            default:
                iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Unknown Edition" ));
                break;
            }
            szTempLen -= iLength;
            pszTemp += iLength;
        }

        // 详细版本信息
        iLength = 0;
        if ( si.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64 )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR( ", 64-bit" ));
        else if (si.wProcessorArchitecture == PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_INTEL )
            iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR(", 32-bit"));
        szTempLen -= iLength;
        pszTemp += iLength;
    }
    else
    {
        iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR("Microsoft Windows Unknown Edition,%s (%d.%d build %d)"),osvi.szCSDVersion,osvi.dwMajorVersion,osvi.dwMajorVersion,osvi.dwBuildNumber);
        szTempLen -= iLength;
        pszTemp += iLength;
        return szBuffer;
    }


    // 补丁包和创建版本
    iLength = swprintf ( pszTemp,szTempLen, WSTR(", %s (Build %d)"), osvi.szCSDVersion,osvi.dwBuildNumber);
    szTempLen -= iLength;
    pszTemp += iLength;

    // 返回信息
    return szBuffer;
}


int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    WCHAR szInfo[1024] = {  0 };
    wprintf(L"%s ",GetOperationSystemInfo( szInfo,1024 ));
    return 0;

}

    以上程序在我的机器上运行结果为：Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, Service Pack 2 (Build 3790)。因为没有条件在所有的操作系统上进行测试，有条件的朋友可以帮忙测试一下，看看有什么错误和疏漏没有。
    为了方便大家，将整理的Windows版本变迁历史也列出来（如有错误，还请指正）：

Windows版本变迁 Windows产品 Major Minor PlatformID BuildNumber(n) Windows 95 4 0 1(VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS) 950 Windows 95 SP1 4 0 1 950 <n<=1080 Windows 95 OSR2 4 <10 1 >1080 Windows 98 4 10 1 1998 Windows 98 SP1 4 10 1 1998<n<2183 Windows 98 SE 4 10 1 >=2183 Windows Me 4 90 1 3000 Windows NT 3.51 3 51 2(VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT) 1057 Windows NT 4.0 4 0 2 1381 Windows 2000 5 0 2 2195 Windows XP 5 1 2 2600 Windows 2003 5 2 2 3790(?) Windows Vista 6 0 2   Windows 2008 6 0 2   Windows CE 1.0 1 0 3   Windows CE 2.0 2 0 3   Windows CE 2.1 2 1 3   Windows CE 3.0 3 0 3   Windows Future X Y Z