FOJ月赛 2015年3月

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A:把第一个字符串预处理一下,记录字母,和每个字母的出现次数,然后在第一个字符串枚举开始的位置,然后和第二个字符串进行比较,对于第一个字母,要特殊处理,因为可能是从该字母的第x个位置开始算,这样时间复杂度为O(n^2)

B:简单的树状数组应用,每次取出当前第x + 1大的数字即可

C:第一问:答案为(度数为1的结点+1)/ 2,第二问,其实也就是贪心,每次都尽量找最长链,看这个子树有x条链,答案就加上(x + 1) / 2

D:先BFS预处理出宝藏(起点也当成一个宝藏)之间的最短路,然后进行状压DP,dp[i][j]表示拥有宝藏的状态i和当前在j宝藏的最小代价,最后在枚举一下记录答案即可,有个坑就是一开始起点可以是墙,答案是-1

E:线段树处理面积并的模板题。

F:这题数据小,记忆化广搜一下即可,d[i][j][2]表示,左岸i只羊j只狼,0表示当前在左岸,1表示当前在右岸,然后进行状态转移,注意细节比较多,比如如果羊数量是0,那么狼有几只都没问题

G:这题数据大了,不能搜了,就直接贪心,对于n <= 3还是去搜就行了,这时候m大于6的就没答案了,所以可以搜,然后对于n > 3时,在羊和狼都比较多的时候,可以每次运n只过去(狼羊对半开),然后运一对羊狼回来,直到数量少了,进行贪心,这里贪心分为3类和一种特殊情况(这个一开始没考虑到,靠前一个程序打表发现的- -),3种情况就是n == m时候,要5次,m * 2 <= n时候要1次,在这之间的要3次。特殊情况为:举个例子,羊和狼都有6只,船能运5只,那么第一次可以运3只狼2只羊,然后运1只狼回来,这时候羊只有4只了,就可以尽量多的把羊都运过去,羊变成0了,这样对左岸就不在有影响了,也就是说,船在奇数情况下,能充分利用这多出来的一个位置,答案会更优,这种情况下,直接在多5次就可以了(而不是先常规运一次在判断,这样可能要7次)。

代码:

A:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;const int N = 1005;char a[N], b[N];int cnt[N];void build() {    int n = strlen(a);    int an = 0;    for (int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) {        if (a[i] >= 'a' && a[i] <= 'z') {            a[an] = a[i];            cnt[an] = 1;            if (a[i + 1] == '[') {                int num = 0;                for (int j = i + 2; j < n; j++) {                    if (a[j] == ']') {                        cnt[an] = num;                        i = j;                        break;                    }                    num = num * 10 + a[j] - '0';                }            }            an++;        }    }    a[an] = '\0';}bool judge() {    int n = strlen(a);    int m = strlen(b);    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {        int x;        if (b[0] != a[i]) continue;        for (x = 0; x < cnt[i] && x < m; x++) {            if (b[x] != a[i])            break;        }        for (int u = i + 1; u < n && x < m; u++) {            int flag = 0;            for (int j = 0; j < cnt[u] && x < m; j++) {                if (b[x] != a[u]) {                    flag = 1;                    break;                }                x++;            }            if (flag) break;        }        if (x == m)            return true;    }    return false;}int main() {    while (~scanf("%s%s", a, b)) {        build();        if (judge()) printf("True\n");        else printf("False\n");    }    return 0;}

B:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;inline int lowbit(int x) {    return x & (-x);}const int N = 1005;int n;int bit[N];void add(int x, int v) {    while (x <= n) {        bit[x] += v;        x += lowbit(x);    }}int get(int x) {    int ans = 0;    while (x) {        ans += bit[x];        x -= lowbit(x);    }    return ans;}int find(int x) {    int l = 0, r = n;    while (l < r) {        int mid = (l + r) / 2;        if (get(mid) >= x) r = mid;        else l = mid + 1;    }    return r;}int main() {    while (~scanf("%d", &n)) {        memset(bit, 0, sizeof(bit));        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)            add(i, 1);        int x;        int bo = 0;        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {            scanf("%d", &x);            int tmp = find(x + 1);            if (bo) printf(" ");            else bo = 1;            printf("%d", tmp);            add(tmp, -1);        }        printf("\n");    }    return 0;}

C:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>#include <vector>using namespace std;const int N = 100005;int n, f, du[N], ans;vector<int> g[N];void dfs(int u, int p, int flag) {    int sum = 0;    for (int i = 0; i < g[u].size(); i++) {        int v = g[u][i];        if (v == p) continue;        sum++;        dfs(v, u, 1);    }    ans += (sum - flag + 1) / 2;}int t;int main() {    scanf("%d", &t);    while (t--) {        scanf("%d", &n);        ans = 0;        for (int i = 0; i <= n - 1; i++) {            g[i].clear();            du[i] = 0;        }        for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) {            scanf("%d", &f);            du[f]++;            du[i]++;            g[f].push_back(i);            g[i].push_back(f);        }        int cnt = 0;        for (int i = 0; i <= n - 1; i++)            if (du[i] == 1) cnt++;        if (n == 1) cnt = 0;        else cnt = (cnt + 1) / 2;        dfs(0, -1, 0);        printf("%d %d\n", cnt, ans);    }    return 0;}

D:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>#include <queue>using namespace std;const int N = 105;const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;const int d[4][2] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1, 0};int n, m, G[N][N], g[15][15];int x[15], y[15], cnt;struct State {    int x, y;    State() {}    State(int x, int y) {        this->x = x;        this->y = y;    }};int dis[105][105], vis[105][105];void build(int u) {    queue<State> Q;    Q.push(State(x[u], y[u]));    memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)        for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) dis[i][j] = INF;    dis[x[u]][y[u]] = 0;    vis[x[u]][y[u]] = 1;    while (!Q.empty()) {        State uu = Q.front();        Q.pop();        vis[uu.x][uu.y] = 0;        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {            State v;            v.x = uu.x + d[i][0];            v.y = uu.y + d[i][1];            if (v.x < 0 || v.x > n || v.y <0 || v.y> m || G[v.x][v.y] < 0) continue;            if (dis[v.x][v.y] > dis[uu.x][uu.y] + 1) {                dis[v.x][v.y] = dis[uu.x][uu.y] + 1;                if (!vis[v.x][v.y]) {                    vis[v.x][v.y] = 1;                    Q.push(v);                }            }        }    }    for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++)        g[u][i] = dis[x[i]][y[i]];}int dp[2100][15];int main() {    while (~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m)) {        cnt = 0;        int cao = 0;        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {                scanf("%d", &G[i][j]);                if (i == 0 && j == 0) {                    if (G[i][j] < 0) {                        cao = 1;                    }                }                if ((i == 0 && j == 0) || G[i][j] > 0) {                    ++cnt;                    x[cnt] = i;                    y[cnt] = j;                    G[i][j] = cnt;                }            }        if (cao == 1) {            printf("-1\n");            continue;        }        for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++) {            for (int j = 1; j <= cnt; j++)                g[i][j] = INF;        }        for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++)            build(i);        dp[1][0] = 0;        for (int i = 1; i < (1<<cnt); i++) {            for (int j = 0; j < cnt; j++) {                if (i == 1 && j == 0)continue;                dp[i][j] = INF;                if (i&(1<<j)) {                    for (int k = 0; k < cnt; k++) {                        if (j == k) continue;                        if (g[j + 1][k + 1] == INF) continue;                        if (i&(1<<k))                            dp[i][j] = min(dp[i][j], dp[i^(1<<j)][k] + g[k + 1][j + 1]);                    }                }            }        }        int ans = INF;        for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++) {            ans = min(ans, dp[(1<<cnt) - 1][i - 1] + g[1][i]);        }        if (ans == INF) ans = -1;        printf("%d\n", ans);    }    return 0;}

E:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>#include <iostream>using namespace std;const int N = 100005;typedef long long ll;int t, n;struct Line {    int l, r, y, flag;    Line() {}    Line(int l, int r, int y, int flag) {        this->l = l; this->r = r;        this->y = y; this->flag = flag;    }} line[N * 2];bool cmp(Line a, Line b) {    return a.y < b.y;}int Hash[N * 2], ln, hn;int find(int x) {    return lower_bound(Hash, Hash + hn, x) - Hash;}#define lson(x) ((x<<1)+1)#define rson(x) ((x<<1)+2)struct Node {    int l, r, cover, len[3];    void init(int l, int r) {        this->l = l; this->r = r;        cover = 0;        memset(len, 0, sizeof(len));    }} node[N * 8];void build(int l, int r, int x = 0) {    node[x].init(l, r);    node[x].len[0] = Hash[r + 1] - Hash[l];    if (l == r) return;    int mid = (l + r) / 2;    build(l, mid, lson(x));    build(mid + 1, r, rson(x));}void pushup(int x) {    memset(node[x].len, 0, sizeof(node[x].len));    if (node[x].l == node[x].r) {        node[x].len[min(2, node[x].cover)] = Hash[node[x].r + 1] - Hash[node[x].l];        return;    }    for (int i = 0; i <= 2; i++)        node[x].len[min(2, node[x].cover + i)] += (node[lson(x)].len[i] + node[rson(x)].len[i]);}void add(int l, int r, int v, int x = 0) {    if (node[x].l >= l && node[x].r <= r) {        node[x].cover += v;        pushup(x);        return;    }    int mid = (node[x].l + node[x].r) / 2;    if (l <= mid) add(l, r, v, lson(x));    if (r > mid) add(l, r, v, rson(x));    pushup(x);}ll solve() {    ln = hn = 0;    int x1, y1, x2, y2;    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {        scanf("%d%d%d%d", &x1, &y1, &x2, &y2);        line[ln++] = Line(x1, x2, y1, 1);        line[ln++] = Line(x1, x2, y2, -1);        Hash[hn++] = x1; Hash[hn++] = x2;    }    sort(line, line + ln, cmp);    sort(Hash, Hash + hn);    hn = unique(Hash, Hash + hn) - Hash;    ll ans = 0;    build(0, hn - 2);    for (int i = 0; i < ln; i++) {        if (i) ans += (ll)node[0].len[1] * (ll)(line[i].y - line[i - 1].y);        add(find(line[i].l), find(line[i].r) - 1, line[i].flag);    }    return ans;}int main() {    int cas = 0;    scanf("%d", &t);    while (t--) {        scanf("%d", &n);        printf("Case %d: %I64d\n", ++cas, solve());    }    return 0;}

F:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>#include <queue>using namespace std;const int N = 205;int x, y, n;bool vis[N][N][2];struct State {    int x, y, flag, d;    State() {}    State(int x, int y, int flag, int d) {        this->x = x;        this->y = y;        this->flag = flag;        this->d = d;    }};int solve() {    if (y > x && x) return -1;    memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));    queue<State> Q;    vis[x][y][0] = true;    Q.push(State(x, y, 0, 0));    while (!Q.empty()) {        State u = Q.front();        Q.pop();        if (u.x == 0 && u.y == 0) return u.d;        int yang[2], lang[2];        yang[0] = u.x; yang[1] = x - u.x;        lang[0] = u.y; lang[1] = y - u.y;        for (int i = 0; i <= n && i <= lang[u.flag]; i++) {            for (int j = 0; j + i <= n && j <= yang[u.flag]; j++) {                if (i + j == 0) continue;                if (lang[u.flag] - i > yang[u.flag] - j && yang[u.flag] - j) continue;                if (lang[!u.flag] + i > yang[!u.flag] + j && yang[!u.flag] + j) continue;                if (i > j && j) continue;                State v;                if (u.flag) v.x = yang[0] + j, v.y = lang[0] + i;                else v.x = yang[0] - j, v.y = lang[0] - i;                v.flag = !u.flag;                v.d = u.d + 1;                if (vis[v.x][v.y][v.flag]) continue;                vis[v.x][v.y][v.flag] = true;                Q.push(State(v.x, v.y, v.flag, v.d));            }        }    }    return -1;}int main() {    while (~scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &n)) {        printf("%d\n", solve());    }    return 0;}

G:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <algorithm>#include <queue>using namespace std;const int N = 205;int x, y, m, n;bool vis[N][N][2];struct State {    int x, y, flag, d;    State() {}    State(int x, int y, int flag, int d) {        this->x = x;        this->y = y;        this->flag = flag;        this->d = d;    }};int solve() {    if (x > 20) return -1;    if (y > x && x) return -1;    memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));    queue<State> Q;    vis[x][y][0] = true;    Q.push(State(x, y, 0, 0));    while (!Q.empty()) {        State u = Q.front();        Q.pop();        if (u.x == 0 && u.y == 0) return u.d;        int yang[2], lang[2];        yang[0] = u.x; yang[1] = x - u.x;        lang[0] = u.y; lang[1] = y - u.y;        for (int i = 0; i <= n && i <= lang[u.flag]; i++) {            for (int j = 0; j + i <= n && j <= yang[u.flag]; j++) {                if (i + j == 0) continue;                if (lang[u.flag] - i > yang[u.flag] - j && yang[u.flag] - j) continue;                if (lang[!u.flag] + i > yang[!u.flag] + j && yang[!u.flag] + j) continue;                if (i > j && j) continue;                State v;                if (u.flag) v.x = yang[0] + j, v.y = lang[0] + i;                else v.x = yang[0] - j, v.y = lang[0] - i;                v.flag = !u.flag;                v.d = u.d + 1;                if (vis[v.x][v.y][v.flag]) continue;                vis[v.x][v.y][v.flag] = true;                Q.push(State(v.x, v.y, v.flag, v.d));            }        }    }    return -1;}int main() {    while (~scanf("%d%d", &m, &n)) {        if (n <= 3) {            x = y = m;            printf("%d\n", solve());        } else {            int ans = 0;            while (m - ((n / 2) - 1) > n) {                m -= (n / 2 - 1);                ans += 2;            }            if (m > n) {                if (n % 2) {                    if (n >= m - n / 2) {                        ans += 5;                        printf("%d\n", ans);                        continue;                    }                }            }            while (m > n) {                m -= (n / 2 - 1);                ans += 2;            }            if (m * 2 <= n) ans += 1;            else if (m == n) ans += 5;            else ans += 3;            printf("%d\n", ans);        }    }    return 0;}


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