Linux C/C++ 模板：主模板、完全特化

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一、代码

#include <iostream>#include <cstring>#include <vector>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;//主模板template <typename T>class Heap{public:        void push(const T& val);        T pop();        bool empty() const { return m_vec.empty(); }private:        vector<T> m_vec;};template <typename T>void Heap<T>::push(const T& val){        m_vec.push_back(val);        push_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());}template <typename T>T Heap<T>::pop(){        pop_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());        T tmp = m_vec.back();        m_vec.pop_back();        return tmp;}//完全特化template <>class Heap<const char*>{public:        void push(const char* val);        const char* pop();        bool empty() { return m_vec.empty(); }private:        vector<const char*> m_vec;};bool strLess(const char* a, const char* b){        return strcmp(a, b) < 0;}void Heap<const char*>::push(const char* val){        m_vec.push_back(val);        push_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end(), strLess);}const char* Heap<const char*>::pop(){        pop_heap(m_vec.begin(), m_vec.end());        const char* tmp = m_vec.back();        m_vec.pop_back();        return tmp;}//int main(int argc, char*argv[]){        //主模板        Heap<int> h1;        h1.push(1);        h1.push(3);        h1.push(2);        cout<<"is empty: "<<h1.empty()<<endl;        cout<<h1.pop()<<endl;        cout<<h1.pop()<<endl;        cout<<h1.pop()<<endl;        cout<<"is empty: "<<h1.empty()<<endl<<endl;        //完全特化        Heap<const char*> h2;        h2.push("aa");        h2.push("cc");        h2.push("bb");        cout<<"is empty: "<<h2.empty()<<endl;        cout<<h2.pop()<<endl;        cout<<h2.pop()<<endl;        cout<<h2.pop()<<endl;        cout<<"is empty: "<<h2.empty()<<endl<<endl;        //        Heap<char*> h3;        h3.push("aa");        h3.push("bb");        h3.push("cc");        cout<<"is empty: "<<h3.empty()<<endl;        cout<<h3.pop()<<endl;        cout<<h3.pop()<<endl;        cout<<h3.pop()<<endl;        cout<<"is empty: "<<h3.empty()<<endl;        return 0;}

二、输出结果

第1个主模板、第2个完全特化输出结果正确。

第3个结果不正确，因为没有局部特化（针对指针类型的特化）。

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