基于mysqldump快速搭建从库

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    mysql主从搭建总的来说大致分为3个步骤,一是为主从实例添加复制所需参数以及创建复制用的账户,二在是需要在主库建立快照,三是在从库上添加指向主库IP,端口,用户名,密码,binlog位置等。而对于主从搭建的快照方式有很多种,如使用InnoDB hotbak,xtrabackup,mysqldump以及直接使用tar方式来建立快照。本文主要介绍使用mysqldump方式来建立快照,适用于不超过20GB左右的数据库。

    与本文有关的相关参考:
        使用mysqldump导出数据库
        MySQL 复制简要描述及示例
        MySQL多实例配置(一)
        MySQL多实例配置(二)

1、实例级别的主从搭建

-- 演示环境,另,本文演示基于同一主机的多实例,主端口为3406,从端口为3506master@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';+---------------+------------+| Variable_name | Value      |+---------------+------------+| version       | 5.6.12-log |+---------------+------------+master@localhost[(none)]> system cat /etc/issueCentOS release 5.4 (Final)Kernel \r on an \m--有关参主从数配置,请参考MySQL 复制简要描述及示例--创建用于复制的账户master@localhost[(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.1.177' identified by 'xxx';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)--全局读锁master@localhost[(none)]> flush tables with read lock;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)master@localhost[(none)]> system pwd/data/inst3406--获取master binlog位置master@localhost[(none)]> show master status;+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File               | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| inst3406bin.000001 |     2169 |              |                  |                   |+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)--使用mysqldump导出实例master@localhost[(none)]> system mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3406.sock --routines --all-databases --opt >alldb.sqlmaster@localhost[(none)]> system lsalldb.sql  data3406  --解锁master@localhost[(none)]> unlock tables;master@localhost[(none)]> exit--从库上面导入dump[mysql@app inst3406]$ mysql -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3506.sock <alldb.sql--从库上设置主库的相关信息(host,port等等)[mysql@app inst3506]$ mysqlsslave@localhost[(none)]> change master to    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.177',      -> MASTER_USER='repl',      -> MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx',      -> MASTER_PORT=3406,      -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='inst3406bin.000001',      -> MASTER_LOG_POS=2169;  Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)--启动slaveslave@localhost[(none)]> start slave;

2、部分库从库搭建

--以下演示为仅搭建部分从库,为只同步sakila tempdb 2个库--重置从库slave@localhost[(none)]> stop slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)slave@localhost[(none)]> reset slave all;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)--为从库添加只同步sakila tempdb 2个库,以下为修改后的结果[mysql@app ~]$ grep replicate /data/inst3506/data3506/my3506.cnf replicate-do-db=testreplicate-do-db=sakila[mysql@app ~]$ grep skip-slave /data/inst3506/data3506/my3506.cnfskip-slave-start--修改后重启3506以使从配置生效[mysql@app ~]$ mysqladmin -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3506.sock shutdown[mysql@app ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/inst3506/data3506/my3506.cnf &--从主库仅导出sakila tempdb[mysql@app ~]$ mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql3406.sock --single-transaction --master-data=2 -R --database sakila tempdb>multidb.sql--在从库端登陆执行dump文件[mysql@app ~]$ mysqlsslave@localhost[(none)]> source multidb.sql--查看dump期间的master binlog位置slave@localhost[tempdb]> system grep -i "change master" multidb.sql-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='inst3406bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=3293117;--从库上设置主库的相关信息(host,port等等)slave@localhost[tempdb]> change master to    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.177',      -> MASTER_USER='repl',      -> MASTER_PASSWORD='xxx',      -> MASTER_PORT=3406,      -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='inst3406bin.000001',      -> MASTER_LOG_POS=3293117; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)--启动从库slave@localhost[tempdb]> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)-- Author : Leshami-- Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami--校验结果slave@localhost[tempdb]> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.177                  Master_User: repl                  Master_Port: 3406                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: inst3406bin.000001          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3293117               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 285        Relay_Master_Log_File: inst3406bin.000001             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB: test,sakila--需要注意的是,本文的mysqldump期间,--single-transaction 仅仅对innodb引擎有效--如果仅使用--master-data,则会开启--lock-all-tablesThe --master-data and --single-transaction options can be used simultaneously, which provides a convenient way to       make an online backup suitable for use prior to point-in-time recovery if tables are stored using the InnoDB       storage engine.
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