CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建

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环境:
CentOS X64 6.4
nginx 1.0.9
Python 2.7.5
参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xiongpq/p/3381069.html
http://www.nowamagic.net/academy/detail/1330334

注意:当django urls配置文件改变时,需要重启uwsgi服务//这步留到最后关注吧

killall -9 uwsgiservice uwsgi9090 start

正文:

一:安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5
安装必要的开发包

yum groupinstall "Development tools"yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

CentOS 自带Python2.6.6,但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5:

cd ~wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2cd Python-2.7.5./configure --prefix=/usr/localmake && make altinstall

安装完毕后,可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。

二:安装Python包管理

easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute

方便安装Python的开发包

cd ~wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gztar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gzcd distribute-0.6.49python2.7 setup.py installeasy_install --version

红色部分必须是“python2.7”,否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。

pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip

安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包, easy_install没有这个功能,只有uninstall

easy_install pippip --version

三:安装uwsgi

uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGIuwsgi参数详解:http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.htmlpip install uwsgiuwsgi --version

测试uwsgi是否正常:

新建test.py文件,内容如下:

def application(env, start_response):        start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])        return "Hello World"

然后在终端运行:

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8001,看是否有“Hello World”输出,若没有输出,请检查你的安装过程。

四:安装django

pip install django

测试django是否正常,运行:

django-admin.py startproject web_shopcd web_shoppython2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

在浏览器内输入:http://127.0.0.1:8002,检查django是否运行正常。

五:安装nginx

cd ~wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gztar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gzcd nginx-1.5.6./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6 \--with-http_stub_status_module \--with-http_gzip_static_modulemake && make install

六:配置uwsgi

uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式,但个人感觉ini更方便:

在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini,添加如下配置:

[uwsgi]socket = 127.0.0.1:9090master = true         //主进程vhost = true          //多站模式no-stie = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件workers = 2           //子进程数reload-mercy = 10     vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件max-requests = 1000   limit-as = 512buffer-sizi = 30000pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件,用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi7000.log

设置uwsgi开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件,内容如下:

#! /bin/sh# chkconfig: 2345 55 25# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides:          uwsgi# Required-Start:    $all# Required-Stop:     $all# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5# Default-Stop:      0 1 6# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server# Description:       starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon### END INIT INFO# Author:   licess# website:  http://lnmp.orgPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/binDESC="uwsgi daemon"NAME=uwsgi9090DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgiCONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.iniPIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pidSCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAMEset -e[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0do_start() {    $DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"}do_stop() {    $DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"    rm -f $PIDFILE    echo "$DAEMON STOPED."}do_reload() {    $DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"}do_status() {    ps aux|grep $DAEMON}case "$1" in status)    echo -en "Status $NAME: \n"    do_status ;; start)    echo -en "Starting $NAME: \n"    do_start ;; stop)    echo -en "Stopping $NAME: \n"    do_stop ;; reload|graceful)    echo -en "Reloading $NAME: \n"    do_reload ;; *)    echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2    exit 3 ;;esacexit 0uwsgi9090

然后在终端执行:

– 添加服务

chkconfig --add uwsgi9090 

– 设置开机启动

chkconfig uwsgi9090 on

七:设置nginx

找到nginx的安装目录,打开conf/nginx.conf文件,修改server配置

server {        listen       80;        server_name  localhost;        location / {                        include  uwsgi_params;            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT web_shop.wsgi;  //入口文件,即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置,“.”相当于一层目录            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /data/app/interface/web_shop;       //项目根目录            index  index.html index.htm;            client_max_body_size 35m;        }    }

设置nginx开机启动,在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件,内容如下:

#!/bin/sh## nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon## chkconfig:   - 85 15# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server# processname: nginx# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid# Source function library.. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.. /etc/sysconfig/network# Check that networking is up.[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"prog=$(basename $nginx)NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf"[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginxlockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx  start() {    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile    return $retval}stop() {    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "    killproc $prog -QUIT    retval=$?    echo    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile    return $retval}restart() {    configtest || return $?    stop    sleep 1    start}reload() {    configtest || return $?    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "    killproc $nginx -HUP    RETVAL=$?    echo}force_reload() {    restart}configtest() {  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE}rh_status() {    status $prog}rh_status_q() {    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1}case "$1" in    start)        rh_status_q && exit 0        $1        ;;    stop)        rh_status_q || exit 0        $1        ;;    restart|configtest)        $1        ;;    reload)        rh_status_q || exit 7        $1        ;;    force-reload)        force_reload        ;;    status)        rh_status        ;;    condrestart|try-restart)        rh_status_q || exit 0            ;;    *)        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"        exit 2esac

然后在终端执行:

– 添加服务

chkconfig --add nginx 

– 设置开机启动

chkconfig nginx on

八:测试

OK,一切配置完毕,在终端运行

service uwsgi9090 startservice nginx start

在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1,恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~

九:多站配置

我采用运行多个uwsgi服务的方法来实现多个站点。

重复第六步,创建uwsgi9091.ini,并相应修改文件中的

socket = 127.0.0.1:9091pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9091.piddaemonize = /website/uwsgi9091.log

并创建服务uwsgi9091,设置开机启动。

然后修改nginx的配置文件为:

nginx
然后我们就可以通过http://127.0.0.1:1300来访问新的网站了。

十:其他配置

防火墙设置

CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问,所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器,就必须修改防火墙配置,打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables

在“-A INPUT –m state –state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”,下添加:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 80 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p -dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

然后保存,并关闭该文件,在终端内运行下面的命令,刷新防火墙配置:

service iptables restart安装Mysqldbyum -y install mysql-develeasy_install-2.7 MySQL-python

注意红色部分,easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。

十一、关闭 uWSGI:

killall  -9 uwsgikillall -s HUP /var/www/uwsgi killall -s HUP /usr/local/bin/uwsgi
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