calabash-android 命令行使用

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http://www.2cto.com/kf/201409/332196.html

本文介绍calabash-android的命令行的使用，通过例子，熟悉calabash-android所调用的ruby api和常用控制台命令, 如query, touch, wait等。,。熟悉这些API有助于我们编写自定义feature。

第一步：下载app

本文所用的测试app为黑客头条，点此下载。app中view的元素如下图所示：

第二步：打开命令行，进入app的下载目录，输入如下命令

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calabash-android console HackerNews.apk

如果一切运行正常，则会进入calabash命令行，同时可以看到提示符变为：irb(main):001:0>此时可在命令行里输入如下命令

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irb(main):001:0> reinstall_apps
irb(main):002:0> start_test_server_in_background
  第一条命令用来安装被测试app和test_server， 第二天命令启动test_server,此时可以进入到程序的主界面。

每个Android应用程序都是有一系列的View组成.Button, ImageView, chekbox都是屏幕上的View。每个View都有对应的类型，程序界面可以看做是View的集合。

Query的用法

`query(uiquery, *args)`

此函数返会一个数组，每一个数组项包含View的信息，如id,坐标,类型。在命令行中输入

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irb(main):003:0> query("ActionBarButton")

由于在ControllerBar中有两个ActionBarButton,故输出结果如下所示：

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[
    [0] {
                        "id"=> nil,
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.actionbar.ActionBarBut
ton",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 98,
            "center_x"=> 480,
              "height"=> 96,
                   "y"=> 50,
               "width"=> 96,
                   "x"=> 432
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "ActionBarButton: \"推广\""
    },
    [1] {
                        "id"=> nil,
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.actionbar.ActionBarBut
ton",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 98,
            "center_x"=> 576,
              "height"=> 96,
                   "y"=> 50,
               "width"=> 96,
                   "x"=> 528
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "ActionBarButton: \"刷新内容\""
    }
]

由于返回的结果是个ruby array,我们可以使用array的方法，如获取size

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irb(main):004:0> query("ActionBarButton").size

返回的结果是2

查询keys

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irb(main):013:0> query("ImageView").first.keys
[
    [0]"id",
    [1]"enabled",
    [2]"contentDescription",
    [3]"class",
    [4]"rect",
    [5]"tag",
    [6]"description"
]

index

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query("*")[0]

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query("* index:0")

query中的参数可以是通配符，如输入

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irb(main):006:0> query("*")

返回屏幕中的所有元素

通过类名来过滤元素

简单类名

之前查询元素的方法是通过简单类名，且大小写不敏感。如

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irb(main):010:0> query("ImageView")
[
    [0] {
                        "id"=> "img_up_icon",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "android.widget.ImageView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 97,
            "center_x"=> 74,
              "height"=> 67,
                   "y"=> 64,
               "width"=> 67,
                   "x"=> 41
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "android.widget.ImageView{41f4c740 V.ED.... ....
....41,14-108,81#7f060091 app:id/img_up_icon}"
    }
]

和

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irb(main):010:0> query("ImageVIew")

结果一样。

含有包作用域的类名

若输入以下查询命令，

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irb(main):011:0> query("android.widget.ImageView")

结果如下：

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[
    [0] {
                        "id"=> "icv_up_indicator",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 98,
            "center_x"=> 20,
              "height"=> 50,
                   "y"=> 73,
               "width"=> 41,
                   "x"=> 0
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41f41cc
8V.ED.... ........ 0,23-41,73#7f060090 app:id/icv_up_indicator}"
    },
    [1] {
                        "id"=> "img_up_icon",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "android.widget.ImageView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 97,
            "center_x"=> 74,
              "height"=> 67,
                   "y"=> 64,
               "width"=> 67,
                   "x"=> 41
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "android.widget.ImageView{41f4c740 V.ED.... ....
....41,14-108,81#7f060091 app:id/img_up_icon}"
    },
    [2] {
                        "id"=> "icv",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 98,
            "center_x"=> 480,
              "height"=> 96,
                   "y"=> 50,
               "width"=> 96,
                   "x"=> 432
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{4241f03
8V.ED.... ........ 0,0-96,96#7f060096 app:id/icv}"
    },
    [3] {
                        "id"=> "icv",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 98,
            "center_x"=> 576,
              "height"=> 96,
                   "y"=> 50,
               "width"=> 96,
                   "x"=> 528
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{424aa62
8V.ED.... ........ 0,0-96,96#7f060096 app:id/icv}"
    },
    [4] {
                        "id"=> "icv_overflow",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 98,
            "center_x"=> 672,
              "height"=> 96,
                   "y"=> 50,
               "width"=> 96,
                   "x"=> 624
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41f6a6b
0V.ED..C. ........ 500,0-596,96#7f060095 app:id/icv_overflow}"
    },
    [5] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 317,
            "center_x"=> 63,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 301,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 50
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{42075eb
8V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [6] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 454,
            "center_x"=> 49,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 438,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 36
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{4240c4d
0V.ED.... ........ 36,89-62,122#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [7] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 557,
            "center_x"=> 63,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 541,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 50
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{42368ad
0V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [8] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 660,
            "center_x"=> 63,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 644,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 50
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{41c8a72
0V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [9] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 797,
            "center_x"=> 77,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 781,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 64
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423685d
8V.ED.... ........ 64,89-90,122#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [10] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 900,
            "center_x"=> 77,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 884,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 64
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{424c065
8V.ED.... ........ 64,55-90,88#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [11] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 1037,
            "center_x"=> 49,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 1021,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 36
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423b43f
8V.ED.... ........ 36,89-62,122#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [12] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 1140,
            "center_x"=> 63,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 1124,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 50
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{420c0dd
8V.ED.... ........ 50,55-76,88#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    },
    [13] {
                        "id"=> "icv_comment",
                   "enabled"=> true,
        "contentDescription"=> nil,
                     "class"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView",
                      "rect"=> {
            "center_y"=> 1277,
            "center_x"=> 63,
              "height"=> 33,
                   "y"=> 1261,
               "width"=> 26,
                   "x"=> 50
        },
                       "tag"=> nil,
               "description"=> "com.airlocksoftware.holo.image.IconView{423ab81
0V.ED.... ........ 50,89-76,122#7f060120 app:id/icv_comment}"
    }
]

此时返回的结果有14个元素
由此可看出：

1.当仅给出简单类名时，仅查询该类名所对应的对象

2.当查询含有包名的类名时，会给出该类的对象和该类的子类的对象。

过滤操作

可以通过id,text或class来对结果进行过滤。

指定id:

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irb(main):018:0> query("android.widget.ImageView id:'icv_comment'")

主要id后面的单引号

指定text：

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query("* text:'Login'")

该操作会返回屏幕中含有"Login"文本的View

其它属性

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query("* width:200")
query("* enabled:false")

注意，此处无单引号

可以同时指定多个属性，如：

query("* enabled:true height:50") 查询原理

calabash过滤属性的语法如下：

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prop:value

prop是属性名，value是一个字符串，布尔值或整数。

上面的例子，我们使用的属性有id,text,enabled和width.除此之外，还有更多的可以用。

每一个View对象都有一系列方法，如View有isEnabled方法。当calabash准备去解析query中传入的属性时，它会以如下的顺序调用View的方法：prop(),getProp()和isProp().

故对于enabled属性，它会尝试调用enabled(),getEnabled()或isEnabled().最后将返回结果与query中指定的值进行比较。

有用的技巧

除了以上的查询语句，还有其它有用的技巧

marked

此关键字通过名称来标识一个View，用来比较id, text或contentDescription属性。

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qeuery("button marked:'login_button'")

返回属性
可指定query中的*args参数来控制返回的结果。

返回id

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irb(main):005:0> query("android.widget.ImageView", :id)
[
    [0]"icv_up_indicator",
    [1]"img_up_icon",
    [2]"icv",
    [3]"icv",
    [4]"icv_overflow",
    [5]"icv_comment",
    [6]"icv_comment",
    [7]"icv_comment",
    [8]"icv_comment",
    [9]"icv_comment",
    [10]"icv_comment",
    [11]"icv_comment",
    [12]"icv_comment",
    [13]"icv_comment"
]

可以将属性过滤与指定的属性配合使用，如

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irb(main):006:0> query("android.widget.ImageView enabled:true", :id)

属性也可以写成如下形式

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query("android.widget.ImageView enabled:true","id")

链式调用：

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query(android.widget.ImageView", "text", "toLowerCase")

先对放回的对象调用getText(),然后再调用toLowerCase函数。

设置元素的值：（暂未调试）

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irb(main):034:0> query("edittext index:1", :setText => "1234")

暂时介绍到这儿，后续会继续更新。

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