Cryptography I, Week 1: Stream Ciphers
来源:互联网 发布:淘宝买到质量问题 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/05 20:41
这里都是记录或paraphrase couresera 上的课程 Cryptography I
- 1 Information theoretic security and the one time pad
- one time pad secure cipher
- Perfect secrecy
- OTP has perfect secrecy
- 2 Stream ciphers and pseudo random generators
- Stream ciphers making OTP practical
- PRG must be unpredictable
- Negligible and non-negligible
(1). Information theoretic security and the one time pad
Ciphers definition:
a cipher defined over (K,M,C) is a pair of “efficient”algorithms (E,D) where
E:K×M→C
D:K×C→M
s.t∀m∈M,k∈K,D(K,E(K,m))=m
the last equation is called consistency equation and every cipher has to satisfy it in order to be a cipher.
E is often randomized when encrypting messages, E is gonna random bits for itself, and use those random bits to actually encrypt the message.
D is always deterministic
one time pad ( secure cipher )
所有的数据都是 bit sequencep, length of K is as long as the text
The figure above shows that the one-time pad is in fact a cipher.
It is difficult to use in practise since it is as long as the message
Perfect secrecy
**Information Theoretic Security ( Shannno 1949 )
Basic idea: CT should reveal no “info” about PT
** definition
k is uniform in K.
The meaning of this definition is that if a attacker get the cypher text c, then he has no idea whether the cypher text come from M0 or M1 because of the same probability.
OTP has perfect secrecy
(OTP: one-time pad)
it is because, for given c and m, there is only one k such that E(m, k)=c. So it has perfect secrecy. p
Shannon proved:
Thm:
So OTP is the optimal one that has perfect secrecy
(2). Stream ciphers and pseudo random generators
Stream ciphers: making OTP practical
decrease the size of key by using pseudo random generator. PRG is a function that maps
Stream ciphers does not have perfect secrecy since the length of key is less than length of message.
PRG must be unpredictable
predictable means we can predict the rest of string if we know the first i letters.
The second figure is the definition. Known the first i bits, the probability of predicting the i+1 is more than 1/2 .
Negligible and non-negligible
Have not understood.
- Cryptography I, Week 1: Stream Ciphers
- Stanford - Cryptography I - Week 1-1 Programming Assignment
- Stanford - Cryptography I - Week 1-2 Programming Assignment
- Stanford - Cryptography I - Week 3 Programming Assignment
- ciphers
- [Stanford Cryptography I] Week1
- 机器学习I. Introduction (Week 1) 介绍
- [Cryptography] Network Security Part I
- Java I/O (1): Stream Class
- I. Introduction (Week 1)_NG机器学习笔记(1)
- 【机器学习】Machine Learning-- I. Introduction (Week 1)&
- 【Java、算法】Princeton Algorithms Part I Week 1 Exercise
- Machine Learning - I. Introduction机器学习综述 (Week 1)
- PLI Stream I/O
- C++ Stream I/O
- I/O stream
- Java I/O Stream
- I/O Stream
- automake连载--Linux下使用automake入门
- iOS开发之指定UIView的某几个角为圆角
- ios中http 和https 协议的访问
- ZOJ 1649 解题报告
- 君生我未生,我生君已老
- Cryptography I, Week 1: Stream Ciphers
- ORACLE 动态注册和静态注册的区别
- Oracle动态注册service name
- C# WinForm中使用WPF的控件
- C# 如何引用外部(未嵌入到项目project)的图片或资源
- ios view的frame和bounds之区别(位置和大小)
- 1111
- unity3d中asset store couldn't decompress the package
- 20150423-Allegro中多个零件同时旋转的操作