物料分类层级-Merchandise category hierarchies

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    如上一章节所讲,零售行业中的商品是基于分类功能,采用多个商品分类层(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)和最底层的商品分类(Merchandise category)组合成一个完整的商品分类层级结构(Merchandise Category Hierarchy 
    商品分类层级结构(Merchandise Category Hierarchy 
  
   
     Merchandise category hierarchies are created when individual hierarchy levels are assigned to each  other. 
当每一个层次被分配至另外一层时,商品分类层级结构将被创建。如上图的金字塔结构。

     There are two types of hierarchy levels:
         - Merchandise categories: you can only assign articles and characteristic profiles to merchandise  categories. 
            对于商品类别(Merchandise category),只能分配商品及特性值。我们可以将其理解成一个最细化的物料组,直接对应每一个具体的商品和其特性值。

         - Merchandise category hierarchy levels: you can assign either merchandise categories or other  merchandise category hierarchy levels to these. 
            对于商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels),可以分配商品类别(Merchandise category)和别的商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)。该层级至少在金字塔结构的倒数第二层。

      You can assign a merchandise category reference article to every merchandise category. It can then be  used as a reference when creating articles. A reference article can be assigned to more than one merchandise category. 
可以将商品分类参考物料分配至每一个商品分类。在创建商品时,可以将前一物料作为参考。一个参考物料可以分配至多个商品分类。在零售行业中,由于物料极为繁多并且使用灵活,所以我们在进行商品维护时,采用一个参考商品,则会做到更加有效率的维护管理。这种参考商品只能创建在商品类别(Merchandise category)。

       You can also create and assign one merchandise category value-only article to each merchandise category so that inventory management on a value basis can be used. The merchandise category value only article can be used for merchandise category transactions at POS. 
       零售行业中,有很多商品只做金额管理。为了在库存管理中做到仅以价值为基础的管理,可以在每一个商品分类中分配一个只做价值管理的商品分类物料。该只做价值管理的物料可以用于POS中。这种商品既可以在每一个商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)中创建也可以在配商品类别(Merchandise category)中
    
    特性&特性值
    系统采用特性及其特性值来定义商品的具体属性。
   
    Characteristics can be assigned to hierarchy levels and merchandise categories.  The lower hierarchy levels inherit the characteristics that are assigned to the higher hierarchy levels. 
    特性可以分配至任何一个商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)及商品类别(Merchandise category)。低一级的层级会继承上一层级的特性。

    Characteristic profiles are used for specialization/segmentation categories via the characteristics that  are assigned to them. You can assign more than one characteristic profile to each merchandise category. Each characteristic profile can also be assigned to more than one merchandise category.
    特性值一般被用来详细描述并区分每一个类别。每一个类别可以分配多个特性值。每一个特性值也可以对应多个类别,即M:N的关系。

    商品类别(Merchandise category)控制项
    
    
    You can make a setting in the merchandise category control for whether the system should give a  warning message when an article is being created or not, if the merchandise category in which the article was created has no reference article assigned to it. Furthermore, you can create a default valuation class that influences the general ledger account determination of an article.
    在商品类别(merchandise category)中,如果在某一个商品类别(merchandise category)中没有分配参考物料,则可以配置定义系统是否在根据该商品类别商品类别(merchandise category)创建商品时是否发出警告信息。

    创建商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy)
    
     
     You create new merchandise category hierarchies by maintaining the basic data. The maintenance of all  the other views is optional. Next, you need to assign the merchandise category hierarchy levels to one another in the correct sequence using top-down assignment. 
    创建商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)时只需要维护基础数据即可生成一条商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)。其他视图位可选。创建完成后,需要从上往下的顺序进行分配指派至另外一条商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)。

    You can create merchandise categories by maintaining the basic data for the merchandise category and  for the merchandise category value-only article. You need to maintain the MC value-only article and the MC reference article in the article maintenance.
    在创建商品类别merchandise category)和无价值的商品类别物料(merchandise category value-only article)时,只需要维护其基本数据即可。但在维护相关商品时,需要必须创建无价值的商品类别物料(merchandise category value-only article)和商品类别参考物料(MC reference article)。

    You should then assign a merchandise category hierarchy level to the merchandise category. If necessary, you can assign characteristic profiles to the merchandise category
    需要将一个商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)分配给商品类别merchandise category)。如果需要,可以将特性值分配给商品类别merchandise category)。
    
    You can maintain characteristics for merchandise categories, hierarchy levels or other objects. You can  choose the validity period of the characteristic. Then you need to maintain the basic data of the characteristic.
    可以为商品类别merchandise category)、商品类别层级(Merchandise Category Hierarchy levels)或者其他对象维护特性。并且可以选择特性的有效期间,但是需要维护特性的基础数据。

    Reclassification-重新分类
    1. Reclassifying articles:
        An article is assigned to another existing merchandise category. It is also possible to split a merchandise category by creating a new merchandise category and moving a quantity of articles from one category
        已经被分配至现有的商品类别merchandise category)的商品,但产生了新的商品类别merchandise category)后,可以将该商品以及其他分配了商品类别merchandise category)的商品移至该商品类别merchandise category)下。

    2. Reclassifying merchandise categories:
        Entire merchandise categories are shifted across the hierarchy tree, but on the same level. All the elements below the merchandise category and the subtree are moved along with it.
        一个完整的商品类别merchandise category)可以在同级别/层次的结构树中移动。与此同时,该商品类别merchandise category)下所有的元素都会跟随其一起移动。
    3. Reclassifying merchandise category hierarchy nodes:
        Entire merchandise category hierarchy nodes are moved across on the same level in the hierarchy tree  and all the subordinate objects are shifted along with them (this includes merchandise category hierarchy nodes, merchandise categories, characteristic profiles, generic articles, articles and variants).
        一个完整的商品类别层级节点(Merchandise Category Hierarchy nodes)可以在同级别/层次的结构树种移动。与此同时,该节点下的所有元素都会跟随其一起移动。
      示例:
     
       
    The only article categories you can reclassify are single and generic articles. The variants are  automatically moved with the generic article. 
    只有单个和一般商品可以重新分类,一般商品的变式会自动跟着移动

    Many checks are run by the system during reclassification, for example, whether characteristics and characteristic values match up with their source and destination, whether stocls are available, and so on.
    在重新分类时,系统会允许一些检查,例如:检查特性和特性值是否匹配,库存是否可用。

    Reclassification - Restrictions
    1. No automatic changes are made to historical values (Info systems, for example) 。
        历史数据不会自动改变
    2. Adjoining systems are not affected nor are their documents (CO, FI, HR) 。
        相邻系统以及系统凭证都不会受到影响
    3. Conditions on elements in the hierarchy remain unchanged。
          层次结构中,元素的条件不会改变
    4. Completed purchase orders/purchase order items remain unchanged
          完成的采购订单和采购订单行项目不会改变
    5. Characteristics and characteristic values must match up
          特性和特性值必须匹配
    6. Historic values can be manually changed in the Info system using the copy management function.
          在使用复制管理功能时,历史数据可以手动修改
    7. This procedure allows you to create a reclassification version of the selected objects for a certain date.  This means that the changes are not actually       made to the database - the reclassification is merely simulated.
            在复制管理过程中,可以根据选择的对象创建一个重新分类版本号。这样可以让修改不发生在数据库层面,只作为一个模拟。




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