Servlet生命周期与工作原理

Servlet工作原理：

　　首先简单解释一下Servlet接收和响应客户请求的过程，首先客户发送一个请求，Servlet是调用service()方法对请求进行响应的，通过源代码可见，service()方法中对请求的方式进行了匹配，选择调用doGet,doPost等这些方法，然后再进入对应的方法中调用逻辑层的方法，实现对客户的响应。在Servlet接口和GenericServlet中是没有doGet,doPost等等这些方法的，HttpServlet中定义了这些方法，但是都是返回error信息，所以，我们每次定义一个Servlet的时候，都必须实现doGet或doPost等这些方法。

　　每一个自定义的Servlet都必须实现Servlet的接口，Servlet接口中定义了五个方法，其中比较重要的三个方法涉及到Servlet的生命周期，分别是上文提到的init(),service(),destroy()方法。GenericServlet是一个通用的，不特定于任何协议的Servlet,它实现了Servlet接口。而HttpServlet继承于GenericServlet，因此HttpServlet也实现了Servlet接口。所以我们定义Servlet的时候只需要继承HttpServlet即可。

　　Servlet接口和GenericServlet是不特定于任何协议的，而HttpServlet是特定于HTTP协议的类，所以HttpServlet中实现了service()方法，并将请求ServletRequest,ServletResponse强转为HttpRequest和HttpResponse。

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