用@Required注解检查属性依赖

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Spring的依赖检查功能仅能检查某些类型的所有属性,不能仅检查特定的属性,灵活性不够。而往往我们只需要检查特定的属性是否设置,而不是特定类型的所有属性。

      RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor是一个Spring bean后处理器,它检查带有@Required注解的所有Bean属性是否设置。 Bean后处理器是一类特殊的Spring bean,能够在每个Bean初始化之前执行附加的操作。为了启用这个bean后处理器进行属性检查,必须在Spring IoC容器中注册它。注意,这个bean后处理器只能检查属性是否已经设置,而不能检查属性是否非空。

     代码示例: 

/* * Copyright 2013-2015 */package com.jackie.codeproject.springrecipesnote.springioc;import java.text.DecimalFormat;import java.util.Set;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Required;/** * Title: SequenceGenerator.java  * 序列生成器 *  * @author jackie * @since Apr 13, 2013 12:56:57 PM * @version V1.0 */public class SequenceGenerator {    /**     * @Fields prefixGenerator : 前缀生成器     */    private PrefixGenerator prefixGenerator;       /**     * @Fields suffix : 后缀     */    private Set<Integer> suffixes;    /**     * @Fields initial : 初始值     */    private int initial;    /**      * @Fields counter : 计数器      */    private int counter;    /**      * 获取序列号,声明为同步,使其成为线程安全的方法      * @author jackie        * @date Apr 13, 2013      * @return          * @return String         */    public synchronized String getSquence() {        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();        buffer.append(prefixGenerator.getPrefix());        buffer.append(initial + counter++);        DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat("0000");        for (Object suffix : suffixes) {            buffer.append("-");            buffer.append(formatter.format(suffix));        }        return buffer.toString();    }    /**     * @param suffix     *            the suffix to set     */    @Required    public void setSuffixes(Set<Integer> suffixes) {        this.suffixes = suffixes;    }    /**     * @param initial     *            the initial to set     */    public void setInitial(int initial) {        this.initial = initial;    }    /**     * @param prefixGenerator the prefixGenerator to set     */    @Required    public void setPrefixGenerator(PrefixGenerator prefixGenerator) {        this.prefixGenerator = prefixGenerator;    }}
    为了要求Spring检查序列生成器上所有带有@Required注解的bean属性是否已经设置,必须在IoC容器中注册一个RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实例。 如果打算使用Bean工厂,就必须通过API注册这个Bean后处理器,否则只能在应用程序上下文中声明。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd">   <bean id="sequenceGenerator" class="com.jackie.codeproject.springrecipesnote.springioc.SequenceGenerator">      <property name="initial" value="100000" />      <property name="suffixes">   <ref local="suffixes"/>      </property>   </bean>    <util:set id="suffixes">      <value>5</value>      <value>10</value>      <value>20</value>   </util:set>       <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />     <bean id="datePrefixGenerator" class="com.jackie.codeproject.springrecipesnote.springioc.DatePrefixGenerator">      <property name="pattern" value="yyyyMMdd" />   </bean></beans>
    Spring2.5或更高版本,可以简单在Bean配置文件中包含 <context:annotation-config> 元素,这将自动注册一个RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实例。 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">   <context:annotation-config />   。。。。。。</beans>
      如果任何带有@Required的属性未设置,Bean后处理器将抛出一个BeanInitializationException异常。
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sequenceGenerator' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException: Property 'prefixGenerator' is required for bean 'sequenceGenerator'
      除了@Required注解之外,RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor还能用自定义的注解检查属性。例如,创建如下注解类型:
/*    * Copyright 2013-2015    */package com.jackie.codeproject.springrecipesnote.springioc;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;import java.lang.annotation.Target;/** * Title: Mmandatory.java *  类的功能说明 *  * @author jackie * @since Apr 21, 2013 9:06:39 PM * @version V1.0 */@Target(ElementType.METHOD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)public @interface Mmandatory {}
然后将注解应用到必要属性的设值方法。
/* * Copyright 2013-2015 */package com.jackie.codeproject.springrecipesnote.springioc;import java.text.DecimalFormat;import java.util.Set;/** * Title: SequenceGenerator.java  * 序列生成器 *  * @author jackie * @since Apr 13, 2013 12:56:57 PM * @version V1.0 */public class SequenceGenerator {    /**     * @Fields prefixGenerator : 前缀生成器     */    private PrefixGenerator prefixGenerator;       /**     * @Fields suffix : 后缀     */    private Set<Integer> suffixes;    。。。。。。。。。。。    /**     * @param suffix     *            the suffix to set     */    @Mandatory    public void setSuffixes(Set<Integer> suffixes) {        this.suffixes = suffixes;    }    /**     * @param prefixGenerator the prefixGenerator to set     */    @Mandatory    public void setPrefixGenerator(PrefixGenerator prefixGenerator) {        this.prefixGenerator = prefixGenerator;    }}
为了用这个注解类型检查属性,必须在RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor的 requireAnnotationType 属性中指定。
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor">   <property name="requiredAnnotationType" value="com.jackie.codeproject.springrecipesnote.springioc.Mandatory" /></bean>

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