Converter使用及其原理

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在Spring MVC开发中,我们可以很方便的使用Converter来实现对请求参数的处理,比如字符串去空,日期格式化等。配置文件中对Converter的引用:
<!-- 属性编辑器 -->    <bean id="conversionService"        class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">        <property name="converters">            <list>                <bean class="com.xxx.common.converter.StringTrimConverter" />                <bean class="com.xxx.common.converter.DateConverter" />                <bean class="com.xxx.common.converter.DatetimeConverter" />            </list>        </property>    </bean><mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService">

如上代码,我们配置了三种类型的Converter。
以字符串去空为例,

import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;/** * 去除前后空格 * @author  * */public class StringTrimConverter implements Converter<String, String> {    public String convert(String source) {        //如果源字符串不为空则进行转换        if(source != null){            //去除源字符串前后空格            source = source.trim();            if(source.equals("")){                 source = null;            }        }        return source;    }}

配置好以上内容,即可在我们的请求中实现字符串自动去空格。

明白使用其实很简单,我们可以看下在Spring的底层,具体是如何实现Converter的。我们以字符串去空的代码为例。
以上代码,首先实现了Converter接口,我们查看Converter接口的源码。

/** * A converter converts a source object of type S to a target of type T. * Implementations of this interface are thread-safe and can be shared. * * <p>Implementations may additionally implement {@link ConditionalConverter}. * * @author Keith Donald * @since 3.0 * @see ConditionalConverter * @param <S> The source type * @param <T> The target type */public interface Converter<S, T> {    /**     * Convert the source of type S to target type T.     * @param source the source object to convert, which must be an instance of S     * @return the converted object, which must be an instance of T     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the source could not be converted to the desired target type     */    T convert(S source);}

通过JavaDoc我们可以看到,实现该接口,可以使我们将S类型的对象转换为T类型。那么对应的我们对于Date类型的转换,就可写为如下代码:
public class DateConverter implements Converter

<bean id="conversionService"        class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">

该类的对象,继续查看对应改类的源码,以及对应的JavaDoc。我们可以在该类的Doc中看到如下描述:

* <p>Like all {@code FactoryBean} implementations, this class is suitable for * use when configuring a Spring application context using Spring {@code <beans>} * XML. When configuring the container with * {@link org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration @Configuration} * classes, simply instantiate, configure and return the appropriate * {@code FormattingConversionService} object from a * {@link org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean @Bean} method.

该类适用于适用XML构建Spring应用。
我们查看对应的成员变量:

public class FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean        implements FactoryBean<FormattingConversionService>, EmbeddedValueResolverAware, InitializingBean {    private Set<?> converters;    private Set<?> formatters;    private Set<FormatterRegistrar> formatterRegistrars;    private boolean registerDefaultFormatters = true;    private StringValueResolver embeddedValueResolver;    private FormattingConversionService conversionService;

在配置XML时,我们主要配置了集合类的converters,该类比较重要的方法如下:

@Override    public void afterPropertiesSet() {        this.conversionService = new DefaultFormattingConversionService(this.embeddedValueResolver, this.registerDefaultFormatters);        ConversionServiceFactory.registerConverters(this.converters, this.conversionService);        registerFormatters();    }

该方法实现了对conversionService中增减我们对应的格式化器。

在Spring启动时,注册转换器 时会进入afterPropertiesSet 方法。在该方法中,我们可以看到Spring以HashSet来存储对应的converters。在ConversionServiceFactory中,判断不同的转换器,并进行注册。

public static void registerConverters(Set<?> converters, ConverterRegistry registry) {        if (converters != null) {            for (Object converter : converters) {                if (converter instanceof GenericConverter) {                    registry.addConverter((GenericConverter) converter);                }                else if (converter instanceof Converter<?, ?>) {                    registry.addConverter((Converter<?, ?>) converter);                }                else if (converter instanceof ConverterFactory<?, ?>) {                    registry.addConverterFactory((ConverterFactory<?, ?>) converter);                }                else {                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Each converter object must implement one of the " +                            "Converter, ConverterFactory, or GenericConverter interfaces");                }            }        }    }
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