Android 接受短信和发送短信

来源：互联网发布：唐安琪八字知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/12 09:33

[转载] 原文： http://my.oschina.net/gzcb/blog/84805

1.android发送短信

                android API 中提供了smsManager类处理短信。其中的sendTextMessage(num, null, content, pend, null)函数就是发送
        短信的方法。第一个参数为目标者手机号、第二个参数为短信中心地址 null为默认地址、
        第三个参数短信的文本内容、第四个参数是一个intent会把发送结果带回。第五个参数不知，一般为null。

                一个应用程序要具备发送短信功能，需要在androidManifest.xml中加入android.permission.SEND_SMS权限。

                在模拟器中发送中文会接收方出现乱码的问题，但是在真机中，就不会出现乱码的情况了。所以
        开发者只需要正常开发短信功能，不需要编码转换。

接收短信也是比较方便的，主要是继承BroadcaseReceiver 类 ,覆盖onReceive 函数：

1:相关类：
android.content.BroadcastReceiver
android.telephony.gsm.SmsMessage;

2:example code.

public class MessageDemo extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private static final String strACT = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(strACT)) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
if (bundle != null) {
Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
SmsMessage[] msg = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
for (int i = 0; i < pdus.length; i++) {
msg[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
}
for (SmsMessage currMsg : msg) {
sb.append("From:");
sb.append(currMsg.getDisplayOriginatingAddress());
sb.append("\nMessage:");
sb.append(currMsg.getDisplayMessageBody());
}
}
}

}
}
3: 相关的配置

修改AndroidManifest.xml，在Activity下添加receiver节点：
<receiver android:name="MessageDemo">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
随后在application下添加节点：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"></uses-permission>

4:使用BroadReceiver的弊端
查看BroadReceiver sdk reference , 可以了解到所有的BroadReceiver对短信的接收是无顺序的状态，即使是使用了Ordered broadcasts对于同等优先级别的BroadReceiver ,也会产生无顺序的行为。
所以下面介绍另一种接收短信的行为，包括其中可以进行短信的删除。

5：从数据库端监听sms的收发
//如下主要用于内部数据库改变，向外面的界面(Activity)做反应
class SMSHandler extends Handler
{
    public void handleMessage(Message msg)
    {
        //Handle message
    }
}

// 对收到短消息后，做出的处理,这里直接删除，并没有反应到界面，所以上面的handleMessage是空的。
class SMSObserver extends ContentObserver
{
    private Handler m_handle = null;

    public SMSObserver(Handler handle)
    {
        super(handle);
        m_handle = handle;
    }

    public void onChange(boolean bSelfChange)
    {
        super.onChange(bSelfChange);

        //Send message to Activity
        Message msg = new Message();
        msg.obj = "xxxxxxxxxx";
        m_handle.sendMessage(msg);

String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox";
Uri uriSms = Uri.parse(strUriInbox);  //If you want to access all SMS, just replace the uri string to "content://sms/"
Cursor c = mContext.getContentResolver().query(uriSms, null, null, null, null);
// delete all sms here when every new sms occures.
while (c.moveToNext())
{
       //Read the contents of the SMS;
       for(int i; i < c.getColumnCount(); i++)
        {
            String strColumnName = c.getColumnName(i);
            String strColumnValue = c.getString(i);
        }

       //Delete the SMS
        String pid = c.getString(1);  //Get thread id;
       String uri = "content://sms/conversations/" + pid;
       mContext.getContentResolver().delete(Uri.parse(uri), null, null);

}



    }
}

//把基本类功能性地应用起来
ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();// Context 环境下getContentResolver()
Handler handler = new SMSHandler();
ContentObserver m_SMSObserver = new SMSObserver(handler);
contentResolver.registerContentObserver(Uri.parse("content://sms/inbox"),true, m_SMSObserver);
//Register to observe SMS in outbox,we can observe SMS in other location by changing Uri string, such as inbox, sent, draft, outbox, etc.)

// some Available Uri string  for sms.
/*
  String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox";//SMS_INBOX:1
  String strUriFailed = "content://sms/failed";//SMS_FAILED:2
  String strUriQueued = "content://sms/queued";//SMS_QUEUED:3
  String strUriSent = "content://sms/sent";//SMS_SENT:4
  String strUriDraft = "content://sms/draft";//SMS_DRAFT:5
  String strUriOutbox = "content://sms/outbox";//SMS_OUTBOX:6
  String strUriUndelivered = "content://sms/undelivered";//SMS_UNDELIVERED
  String strUriAll = "content://sms/all";//SMS_ALL
  String strUriConversations = "content://sms/conversations";//you can delete one conversation by thread_id
  String strUriAll = "content://sms"//you can delete one message by _id
*/

REMEBER: must request following permission
1) Read SMS
    <uses-permssion android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS" />
2) Delete/Modify/Send SMS
    <uses-permssion android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SMS" />
in AndroidManifest.xml

Android数据库总结：

短信数据库
String strUriInbox = "content://sms";
Uri uriSms = Uri.parse(strUriInbox);
Cursor c_groups = managedQuery( uriSms , new String[] { "date","person" }, select, null, "date DESC");

strColumnName=_id strColumnValue=48 //短消息序号
strColumnName=thread_id strColumnValue=16 //对话的序号（conversation）
strColumnName=address strColumnValue=+8610086 //发件人地址，手机号
strColumnName=person strColumnValue=null //发件人，返回一个数字就是联系人列表里的序号，陌生人为null
strColumnName=date strColumnValue=1256539464222 //日期 long型，想得到具体日期自己转换吧！
strColumnName=protocol strColumnValue=0 //协议
strColumnName=read strColumnValue=1 //是否阅读
strColumnName=status strColumnValue=-1 //状态
strColumnName=type strColumnValue=1 //类型 1是接收到的，2是发出的
strColumnName=reply_path_present strColumnValue=0 //
strColumnName=subject strColumnValue=null //主题
strColumnName=body strColumnValue=您好 //短消息内容
strColumnName=service_center strColumnValue=+8613800755500 //短信服务中心号码编号，可以得知该短信是从哪里发过来的

2.联系人数据库

strColumnName = _sync_id strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = primary_organization strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = notes strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = primary_phone strColumnValue=1
strColumnName = status strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = im_handle strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = _sync_local_id strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = im_account strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = _sync_time strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = im_protocol strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = mode strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = label strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = times_contacted strColumnValue=0
strColumnName = name strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = send_to_voicemail strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = primary_email strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = custom_ringtone strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = sort_string strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = _sync_version strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = last_time_contacted strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = _sync_account strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = display_name strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = number_key strColumnValue=77681111831
strColumnName = number strColumnValue=13811112345
strColumnName = phonetic_name strColumnValue=null
strColumnName = _id strColumnValue=1
strColumnName = type strColumnValue=2
strColumnName = _sync_dirty strColumnValue=1
strColumnName = starred strColumnValue=0
4.其他数据库
//Available Uri string
content://contacts/people //本地联系人列表信息
content://contacts/phones //本地联系人列表信息
content://call_log/calls/ //本地通话记录

content://mms 彩信
content://mms-sms/threadID
content://mms-sms/conversations
content://mms-sms/messages/byphone
content://mms-sms/undelivered
content://mms-sms/draft

媒体

content://media/internal/images 这个URI将返回设备上存储的所有图片

String strUriInbox = "content://sms/inbox"; //SMS_INBOX:1
String strUriFailed = "content://sms/failed"; //SMS_FAILED:2
String strUriQueued = "content://sms/queued"; //SMS_QUEUED:3
String strUriSent = "content://sms/sent"; //SMS_SENT:4
String strUriDraft = "content://sms/draft"; //SMS_DRAFT:5
String strUriOutbox = "content://sms/outbox"; //SMS_OUTBOX:6
String strUriUndelivered = "content://sms/undelivered"; //SMS_UNDELIVERED
String strUriAll = "content://sms/all"; //SMS_ALL
String strUriConversations= "content://sms/conversations";//you can delete one conversation by thread_id
String strUriAll = "content://sms" //you can delete one message by _id

访问短信数据库的uri
      content://sms/inbox       收件箱
      content://sms/sent       已发送
      content://sms/draft       草稿
      content://sms/outbox       发件箱
      content://sms/failed       发送失败
      content://sms/queued       待发送列表

      数据库相关字段如下：

      _id             一个自增字段，从1开始
      thread_id   序号，同一发信人的id相同
      address    发件人手机号码（根据这个查找联系人姓名？）
      person       联系人列表里的序号，陌生人为null
      date          发件日期，单位是milliseconds，从1970/01/01至今所经过的时间)
      protocol    协议，分为： 0 SMS_RPOTO, 1 MMS_PROTO
      read          是否阅读，0未读， 1已读
      status       状态，-1接收，0 complete, 64 pending, 128 failed

      type
      ALL = 0;
      INBOX  = 1;
      SENT = 2;
      DRAFT  = 3;
      OUTBOX = 4;
      FAILED = 5;
      QUEUED = 6;

      body                            短信内容
      service_center             短信服务中心号码编号
      subject                         短信的主题
      reply_path_present    TP-Reply-Path
      locked访问短信数据库的uri
      content://sms/inbox       收件箱
      content://sms/sent       已发送
      content://sms/draft       草稿
      content://sms/outbox       发件箱
      content://sms/failed       发送失败
      content://sms/queued       待发送列表
     content://sms/conversations";     //you can delete one conversation by thread_id
      数据库相关字段如下：

      _id             一个自增字段，从1开始
      thread_id   序号，同一发信人的id相同
      address    发件人手机号码（根据这个查找联系人姓名？）
      person       联系人列表里的序号，陌生人为null
      date          发件日期，单位是milliseconds，从1970/01/01至今所经过的时间)
      protocol    协议，分为： 0 SMS_RPOTO, 1 MMS_PROTO
      read          是否阅读，0未读， 1已读
      status       状态，-1接收，0 complete, 64 pending, 128 failed

      type
      ALL = 0;
      INBOX  = 1;
      SENT = 2;
      DRAFT  = 3;
      OUTBOX = 4;
      FAILED = 5;
      QUEUED = 6;

      body                            短信内容
      service_center             短信服务中心号码编号
      subject                         短信的主题
      reply_path_present    TP-Reply-Path
      locked

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