Spring错误：java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory

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第一次搭建Spring框架，编写并运行例子时出现如下错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/logging/LogFactoryat org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractApplicationContext.java:164)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractApplicationContext.java:228)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:89)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractRefreshableConfigApplicationContext.java:58)at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.<init>(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:61)at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:136)at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)at com.chapter1.TestSpring.main(TestSpring.java:11)Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactoryat java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)... 8 more

解决方法：缺少commons-logging.jar，下载jar包（如commons-logging-1.2.jar），添加到项目中。

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