Libev学习笔记1

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Libev学习笔记1

http://www.cnblogs.com/oyld/p/4368896.html

和Libevent相似,Libev是一个高性事件驱动框架,据说性能比Libevent要高,bug比Libevent要少。Libev只是一个事件驱动框架,不是网络库,因为它的内部并没有任何socket编程代码。支持的事件驱动机制包括:

selectpollepollkqueueSolaris-specific event port mechanisms

支持的事件类型也很多,下面会全部列出。

官方首页地址:http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html

安装方法:apt-get install libev-dev

官方文档的第一个例程:

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// a single header file is required#include <ev.h>#include <stdio.h> // for puts// every watcher type has its own typedef'd struct// with the name ev_TYPEev_io stdin_watcher;ev_timer timeout_watcher;// all watcher callbacks have a similar signature// this callback is called when data is readable on stdinstatic voidstdin_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents){    puts ("stdin ready");    // for one-shot events, one must manually stop the watcher    // with its corresponding stop function.    ev_io_stop (EV_A_ w);    // this causes all nested ev_run's to stop iterating    ev_break (EV_A_ EVBREAK_ALL);}// another callback, this time for a time-outstatic voidtimeout_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents){    puts ("timeout");    // this causes the innermost ev_run to stop iterating    ev_break (EV_A_ EVBREAK_ONE);}intmain (void){    // use the default event loop unless you have special needs    struct ev_loop *loop = EV_DEFAULT;    // initialise an io watcher, then start it    // this one will watch for stdin to become readable    ev_io_init (&stdin_watcher, stdin_cb, /*STDIN_FILENO*/ 0, EV_READ);    ev_io_start (loop, &stdin_watcher);    // initialise a timer watcher, then start it    // simple non-repeating 5.5 second timeout    ev_timer_init (&timeout_watcher, timeout_cb, 5.5, 0.);    ev_timer_start (loop, &timeout_watcher);    // now wait for events to arrive    ev_run (loop, 0);    // break was called, so exit    return 0;}
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这些基于事件的库的使用方法都大同小异:首先建立一个event loop,然后建立需要观察的event,设置好回调函数,将event加入到event loop中,最后run loop。以上程序关注了两类事件:

  1. i/o事件,用ev_io结构体表示。
  2. timer事件,用ev_timer结构体表示。

事件类型的不同,所需的结构体类型也不同,对应关系如下所示:

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ev_io                 // IO可读可写ev_stat               // 文件属性变化ev_signal             // 信号处理ev_timer              // 相对定时器ev_periodic           // 绝对定时器ev_child              // 子进程状态变化ev_fork               // fork事件ev_cleanup            // event loop退出触发事件ev_idle               // event loop空闲触发事件ev_embed              // 嵌入另一个后台循环ev_prepare            // event loop之前事件ev_check              // event loop之后事件ev_async              // 线程间异步事件
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关于每个事件的具体含义,官方文档的WATCHER TYPES部分给出了详细的说明,需要时自行查阅即可。

首先分析一下struct ev_loop,即event loop,一个线程只能有一个struct ev_loop,它的定义如下所示:

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#if EV_MULTIPLICITY  /* 支持多线程时需要定义ev_loop类 */  struct ev_loop  {    ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;    #define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now)    #define VAR(name,decl) decl;      #include "ev_vars.h"    #undef VAR  };  #include "ev_wrap.h"  static struct ev_loop default_loop_struct;  EV_API_DECL struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop_ptr = 0; /* needs to be initialised to make it a definition despite extern */#else  /* 单线程时所有变量都是全局变量 */  EV_API_DECL ev_tstamp ev_rt_now = 0; /* needs to be initialised to make it a definition despite extern */  #define VAR(name,decl) static decl;    #include "ev_vars.h"  #undef VAR  static int ev_default_loop_ptr;#endif
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条件编译宏EV_MULTIPLICITY在编译程序时判断程序是否为多线程。当程序为多线程时,也就是上面程序的if分支,由于存在不同的ev_loop,那么就需要struct ev_loop这个结构体进行封装了。当程序为单线程时,也就是上面程序的else分支,整个程序只有唯一的一个ev_loop,它将作为全局变量被所有函数使用。头文件ev_vars.h中定义了各种宏,封装在ev_loop中相当于ev_loop的成员变量,如下所示:

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struct ev_loop{    ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;    #define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now)    ev_tstamp now_floor    ev_tstamp mn_now    ev_tstamp rtmn_diff    ...};
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而else分支的ev_vars.h没有封装在任何结构体中,因此会声明一大堆全局变量,如下所示:

static ev_tstamp now_floorstatic ev_tstamp mn_nowstatic ev_tstamp rtmn_diff...

经过深入分析,发现EV_MULTIPLICITY等于1,所以之后的源码分析都是假设EV_MULTIPLICITY=1.

Libev中许多函数定义的形式都是这样的:

static voidtimeout_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)

EV_P_也是为了多线程而存在的,它的定义如下所示:

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/* support multiple event loops? */#if EV_MULTIPLICITYstruct ev_loop;# define EV_P  struct ev_loop *loop               /* a loop as sole parameter in a declaration */# define EV_P_ EV_P,                              /* a loop as first of multiple parameters */# define EV_A  loop                               /* a loop as sole argument to a function call */# define EV_A_ EV_A,                              /* a loop as first of multiple arguments */# define EV_DEFAULT_UC  ev_default_loop_uc_ ()    /* the default loop, if initialised, as sole arg */# define EV_DEFAULT_UC_ EV_DEFAULT_UC,            /* the default loop as first of multiple arguments */# define EV_DEFAULT  ev_default_loop (0)          /* the default loop as sole arg */# define EV_DEFAULT_ EV_DEFAULT,                  /* the default loop as first of multiple arguments */#else# define EV_P void# define EV_P_# define EV_A# define EV_A_# define EV_DEFAULT# define EV_DEFAULT_# define EV_DEFAULT_UC# define EV_DEFAULT_UC_# undef EV_EMBED_ENABLE#endif
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宏EV_P_最终等于struct ev_loop *loop。当系统支持多线程,每个线程都有一个struct ev_loop时,函数需要区分不同的struct ev_loop,这是就是通过这个宏EV_P_传入某个具体的struct ev_loop。也就是说,当程序为单线程时,函数最终声明为:

static voidtimeout_cb (ev_timer *w, int revents)

Libev操纵唯一的一个全局struct ev_loop。当程序支持多线程时,函数最终声明为:

static voidtimeout_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, ev_timer *w, int revents)

Libev根据传入的loop操纵对应的struct ev_loop。

 

参考:

http://c4fun.cn/blog/2014/03/06/libev-study/

http://my.oschina.net/u/917596/blog/176658



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