超过130个你需要了解的vim命令

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http://developer.51cto.com/art/201308/406941.htm

从 1970年开始，vi和 vim就成为了程序员最喜爱的文本编辑器之一。5年前，我写了一个问自己名为 “每个程序员都应该知道的 100 个 vim命令”这次算是之前那篇文章的改进版，希望你会喜欢。

基础

:efilename Open filename foredition

:w Savefile

:q ExitVim

:q! Quitwithout saving

:x Writefile (if changes has been made) and exit

:savfilename Saves file as filename

. Repeatsthe last change made in normal mode

5. Repeats5 times the last change made in normal mode

在文件中移动

k or UpArrow move the cursor up oneline

j or DownArrow move the cursor down oneline

e movethe cursor to the end of the word

b movethe cursor to the begining of the word

0 movethe cursor to the begining of the line

G movethe cursor to the end of the line

gg movethe cursor to the begining of the file

L movethe cursor to the end of the file

:59 movecursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number.

20| movecursor to column 20.

% Movecursor to matching parenthesis

[[ Jumpto function start

[{ Jumpto block start

剪切、复制和粘贴

y Copythe selected text to clipboard

p Pasteclipboard contents

dd Cutcurrent line

yy Copycurrent line

y$ Copyto end of line

D Cutto end of line

搜索

/word Searchword from top to bottom

?word Searchword from bottom to top

* Searchthe word under cursor

/\cstring SearchSTRING or string, case insensitive

/jo[ha]n Searchjohn or joan

/\<the Search the, theatre or then

/the\> Searchthe or breathe

/\<the\> Search the

/\<¦.\> Search all words of 4letters

/\/ Searchfred but not alfred or frederick

/fred\|joe Searchfred or joe

/\<\d\d\d\d\> Searchexactly 4 digits

/^\n\{3} Find3 empty lines

:bufdo/searchstr/ Search in all openfiles

bufdo%s/something/somethingelse/g Searchsomething in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse

替换

:%s/old/new/g Replaceall occurences of old by new in file

:%s/onward/forward/gi Replaceonward by forward, case unsensitive

:%s/old/new/gc Replaceall occurences with confirmation

:2,35s/old/new/g Replaceall occurences between lines 2 and 35

:5,$s/old/new/g Replaceall occurences from line 5 to EOF

:%s/^/hello/g Replacethe begining of each line by hello

:%s/$/Harry/g Replacethe end of each line by Harry

:%s/onward/forward/gi Replaceonward by forward, case unsensitive

:%s/*$//g Delete all white spaces

:g/string/d Deleteall lines containing string

:v/string/d Deleteall lines containing which didn’t contain string

:s/Bill/Steve/ Replacethe first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line

:s/Bill/Steve/g ReplaceBill by Steve in current line

:%s/Bill/Steve/g ReplaceBill by Steve in all the file

:%s/^M//g DeleteDOS carriage returns (^M)

:%s/\r/\r/g TransformDOS carriage returns in returns

:%s#<[^>]\+>##g DeleteHTML tags but keeps text

:%s/^$.*$\n\1$/\1/ Deletelines which appears twice

Ctrl+a Incrementnumber under the cursor

Ctrl+x Decrementnumber under cursor

ggVGg? Changetext to Rot13

大小写

Vu Lowercaseline

VU Uppercaseline

g~~ Invertcase

vEU Switchword to uppercase

vE~ Modifyword case

ggguG Setall text to lowercase

gggUG Setall text to uppercase

:setignorecase Ignore case insearches

:setsmartcase Ignore case insearches excepted if an uppercase letter is used

:%s/\<./\u&/g Setsfirst letter of each word to uppercase

:%s/\<./\l&/g Setsfirst letter of each word to lowercase

:%s/.*/\u& Setsfirst letter of each line to uppercase

:%s/.*/\l& Setsfirst letter of each line to lowercase

读写文件

:1,10 woutfile Saves lines 1 to 10 inoutfile

:1,10 w >>outfile Appends lines 1 to 10 tooutfile

:rinfile Insert the content ofinfile

:23rinfile Insert the content ofinfile under line 23

文件浏览器

:e. Open integrated file explorer

:Sex Splitwindow and open integrated file explorer

:Sex! Sameas :Sex but split window vertically

:browsee Graphical file explorer

:ls Listbuffers

:cd.. Move to parent directory

:args Listfiles

:args*.php Open file list

:grep expression*.php Returns a list of .phpfiles contening expression

gf Openfile name under cursor

和 Unix系统交互

:!pwd Executethe pwd unix command, then returns to Vi

!!pwd Executethe pwd unix command and insert output in file

:sh Temporaryreturns to Unix

$exit Retournsto Vi

对齐

:%!fmt Alignall lines

!}fmt Alignall lines at the current position

5!!fmt Alignthe next 5 lines

Tabs/Windows

:tabnew Createsa new tab

gt Shownext tab

:tabfirst Showfirst tab

:tablast Showlast tab

:tabmn(position) Rearrange tabs

:tabdo%s/foo/bar/g Execute a commandin all tabs

:tabball Puts all open files in tabs

:newabc.txt Edit abc.txt in newwindow

分屏显示

:efilename Edit filename incurrent window

:splitfilename Split the window andopen filename

ctrl-w uparrow Puts cursor in top window

ctrl-wctrl-w Puts cursor in nextwindow

ctrl-w_ Maximizecurrent window vertically

ctrl-w| Maximizecurrent window horizontally

ctrl-w= Givesthe same size to all windows

10ctrl-w+ Add 10 lines to currentwindow

:vsplitfile Split window vertically

:sviewfile Same as :split in readonlymode

:hide Closecurrent window

:nly Closeall windows, excepted current

:b2 Open #2 in this window

自动完成

Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (ininsert mode) Complete word

Ctrl+xCtrl+l Complete line

:setdictionary=dict Define dict as adictionnary

Ctrl+xCtrl+k Complete with dictionnary

Marks

m{a-z} Marks current position as{a-z}

'{a-z} Move to position {a-z}

'' Moveto previous position

缩写

:ab mailmail@provider.org Define mail asabbreviation of mail@provider.org

文本缩进

:setautoindent Turn on auto-indent

:setsmartindent Turn on intelligentauto-indent

:setshiftwidth=4 Defines 4 spaces asindent size

ctrl-t,ctrl-d Indent/un-indent ininsert mode

>> Indent

<< Un-indent

=% Indentthe code between parenthesis

1GVG= Indentthe whole file

语法高亮

:syntaxon Turn on syntax highlighting

:syntaxoff Turn off syntax highlighting

:setsyntax=perl Force syntaxhighlighting

原文链接：http://www.catswhocode.com/blog/130-essential-vim-commands

译文链接：http://www.oschina.net/news/43167/130-essential-vim-commands

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