第十一周项目2——职员有薪水了

（1）定义一个名为CPerson的类，有以下私有成员:姓名、身份证号、性别和年龄，成员函数：构造函数、析构函数、输出信息的函数。并在此基础上派生出CEmployee类，派生类CEmployee增加了两个新的数据成员，分别用于表示部门和薪水。要求派生类CEmployee的构造函数显示调用基类CPerson的构造函数，并为派生类CEmployee定义析构函数，定义输出信息的函数。

class CPerson  

{  

protected:  

    string m_szName;  

    string m_szId;  

    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man  

    int m_nAge;  

public:  

    CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);  

    void Show1();  

    ~CPerson();  

};  

  

class CEmployee:public CPerson  

{  

private:  

    string m_szDepartment;  

    double m_Salary;  

public:  

    CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);  

    void Show2();  

    ~CEmployee();  

};  

  

int main()  

{  

    string name,id,department;  

    int sex,age;  

    double salary;  

    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";  

    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;  

    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);  

    employee1.Show2();  

    return 0;  

}  

下面的运行结果供参考：

代码如下：

#include <iostream>#include <cstring>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;class CPerson{protected:    string m_szName;    string m_szId;    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man    int m_nAge;public:    CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);    void Show1();    ~CPerson();};CPerson::CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age){    m_szName=name;    m_szId=id;    m_nSex=sex;    m_nAge=age;}void CPerson::Show1(){    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;    if(m_nSex==1)        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";    else        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;}CPerson::~CPerson() { }class CEmployee:public CPerson{private:    string m_szDepartment;    double m_Salary;public:    CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);    void Show2();    ~CEmployee();};CEmployee::CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary):CPerson(name,id,sex,age){     m_szDepartment=department;    m_Salary=salary;}void CEmployee::Show2(){    cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;    Show1();    cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;}CEmployee::~CEmployee() {}int main(){    string name,id,department;    int sex,age;    double salary;    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);    employee1.Show2();    return 0;}

总结：

由于基类CPerson的成员变量采用了protected属性，所以可以直接运用基类的数据成员但是也可以调用成员函数，若基类CPerson的成员变量采用了privated属性，则只能使用CPerson::Show();实现  

 

（2）字符串除了用C++扩充的string类型外，按C语言的传统，还可以用char *表示。请将类声明中的string全部改为char *后，重新写一遍程序（此时的区别是，类中有指针成员，构造和析构函数需要考虑深复制的问题了。）

class CPerson  

{  

protected:  

    char *m_szName;  

    char *m_szId;  

    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man  

    int m_nAge;  

public:  

    CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);  

    void Show1();  

    ~CPerson();  

};  

private:  

    char *m_szDepartment;  

    float m_Salary;  

public:  

    CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);  

    void Show2();  

    ~CEmployee();  

};  

int main()  

{  

    char name[10],id[19],department[10];  

    int sex,age;  

    float salary;  

    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";  

    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;  

    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);  

    employee1.Show2();  

    return 0;  

}  

代码如下：

#include <iostream>#include <cstring>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;class CPerson{protected:    char *m_szName;    char *m_szId;    int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man    int m_nAge;public:    CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);    void Show1();    ~CPerson();};CPerson::CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age){    m_szName=new char[strlen(name)+1];    strcpy(m_szName,name);    m_szId=new char[strlen(id)+1];    strcpy(m_szId,id);    m_nSex=sex;    m_nAge=age;}void CPerson::Show1(){    cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;    if(m_nSex==1)        cout<<setw(7)<<"man";    else        cout<<setw(7)<<"women";    cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;}CPerson::~CPerson(){    delete [ ]m_szName;    delete [ ]m_szId;}class CEmployee:public CPerson{private:    char *m_szDepartment;    double m_Salary;public:    CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,double salary);    void Show2();    ~CEmployee();};CEmployee::CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,double salary):CPerson(name,id,sex,age){    m_szDepartment=new char[strlen(department)+1];    strcpy(m_szDepartment,department);    m_Salary=salary;}void CEmployee::Show2(){    cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;    Show1();    cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;}CEmployee::~CEmployee() {delete [ ]m_szDepartment;  }int main(){    char name[10],id[19],department[10];    int sex,age;    double salary;    cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";    cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;    CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);    employee1.Show2();    return 0;}

总结：setw:设置输出数据的宽度,使用时应#include <iomanip.h> 。由于数据成员是指针数据成员所以要给其分配空间不然指针数据成员将成为野指针；这需要理解深复制的知识所以基础是很重要的嘞！