采用ffmpeg和ffserver实现音视频直播和点播

一、嵌入式开发板采集音视频(远程)

        音频采集程序：./audioc -i 222.222.222.222 -p 8888;

        视频采集程序：./videoc -i 222.222.222.222 -p 9999;

        音频采集程序利用alsa库，采集原始音频帧，发送至服务器进程(222.222.222.222,  8888);

        视频采集程序利用v4l2库，采集原始视频帧，h.264硬编码后，发送至服务器进程(222.222.222.222, 9999);

二、Linux服务器接收音视频

        音频接收程序：./audios -rp 8888 -sp 8899 -i 239.255.1.2;

        视频接收程序：./videos -rp 9999 -sp 9988 -i 239.255.1.2;

        音频接收程序，接收原始音频帧，并发送至组播(239.255.1.2, 8899);

        视频接收程序，接收264视频帧，并发送至组播(239.255.1.2, 9988);

三、ffserver流媒体服务器搭建

       1. ffserver的配置文件：ffserver.conf

配置文件如：

##################################################################### Port on which the server is listening. You must select a different# port from your standard HTTP web server if it is running on the same# computer.HTTPPort 8090# Address on which the server is bound. Only useful if you have# several network interfaces.HTTPBindAddress 0.0.0.0# Number of simultaneous HTTP connections that can be handled. It has# to be defined *before* the MaxClients parameter, since it defines the# MaxClients maximum limit.MaxHTTPConnections 2000# Number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. Since FFServer# is very fast, it is more likely that you will want to leave this high# and use MaxBandwidth, below.MaxClients 1000# This the maximum amount of kbit/sec that you are prepared to# consume when streaming to clients.MaxBandwidth 1000# Access log file (uses standard Apache log file format)# '-' is the standard output.CustomLog -############################################################################################################################################# Definition of the live feeds. Each live feed contains one video# and/or audio sequence coming from an ffmpeg encoder or another# ffserver. This sequence may be encoded simultaneously with several# codecs at several resolutions.<Feed feed1.ffm># You must use 'ffmpeg' to send a live feed to ffserver. In this# example, you can type:## ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm# ffserver can also do time shifting. It means that it can stream any# previously recorded live stream. The request should contain:# "http://xxxx?date=[YYYY-MM-DDT][[HH:]MM:]SS[.m...]".You must specify# a path where the feed is stored on disk. You also specify the# maximum size of the feed, where zero means unlimited. Default:# File=/tmp/feed_name.ffm FileMaxSize=5MFile feed1.ffmFileMaxSize 5M# You could specify# ReadOnlyFile /saved/specialvideo.ffm# This marks the file as readonly and it will not be deleted or updated.# Specify launch in order to start ffmpeg automatically.# First ffmpeg must be defined with an appropriate path if needed,# after that options can follow, but avoid adding the http:// field#Launch ffmpeg# Only allow connections from localhost to the feed.ACL allow 127.0.0.1</Feed><Feed feed2.ffm>File feed2.ffmFileMaxSize 5MACL allow 127.0.0.1</Feed>################################################################################################################################################### live streams# flv video + audio stream <Stream demo.flv>               #Stream：每一个广播（转换后的视频流）的转码设置项目Format flv     #视频流格式Feed feed1.ffm                  #视频流的种子来源VideoFrameRate 25              #视频帧频VideoBitRate 200                #视频比特率VideoGopSize 28VideoSize 480x272                #视频帧大小AVOptionVideo flags +global_headerAudioBitRate 64AudioChannels 2AudioSampleRate 44100AVOptionAudio flags +global_headerStartSendOnKey</Stream># mp3 audio stream<Stream demoAudio.mp3>Format mp3Feed feed2.ffmAudioBitRate 64AudioChannels 2AudioSampleRate 44100AVOptionAudio flags +global_headerNoVideo</Stream># swf video stream# <Stream demoVideo.swf>               #Stream：每一个广播（转换后的视频流）的转码设置项目#Format swf     #视频流格式#Feed feed3.ffm                  #视频流的种子来源#VideoFrameRate 25              #视频帧频#VideoBitRate 200                #视频比特率#VideoGopSize 28#VideoSize 480x272                #视频帧大小#AVOptionVideo flags +global_header#NoAudio#</Stream># webm video + audio stream# <Stream demoSystem.webm>               #Stream：每一个广播（转换后的视频流）的转码设置项目#Format webm     #视频流格式#Feed feed1.ffm                  #视频流的种子来源#AudioCodec vorbis#AudioBitRate 64#VideoCodec libvpx#VideoFrameRate 25              #视频帧频#VideoBitRate 200                #视频比特率#VideoGopSize 28#VideoSize 480x272                #视频帧大小#AVOptionVideo flags +global_header#AVOptionVideo cpu-used 0#AVOptionVideo qmin 10#AVOptionVideo qmax 42#AVOptionAudio flags +global_header#PreRoll 15#StartSendOnKey# </Stream># Ogg Vorbis audio# <Stream test.ogg>#Format ogg#Feed feed2.ffm#Metadata title "Stream title"#AudioBitRate 64#AudioChannels 2#AudioSampleRate 44100#NoVideo# </Stream>################################################################################################################################################# local streams<Stream dengZiQi>File "dengZiQi.flv"Format flv</Stream><Stream Maroon5_Sugar>File "Sugar.flv"Format flv</Stream>################################################################################################################################################### Server status<Stream stat.html>Format status# Only allow local people to get the statusACL allow 127.0.0.1ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255#FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico</Stream>################################################################################################################################################### Redirect index.html to the appropriate site<Redirect index.html>URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/</Redirect>#########################################################################

            其中，<Stream demo.flv>是音视频直播流，从feed1.ffm中获取数据， <Stream demoAudio.mp3>为单独的音频流，从feed2.ffm中获取数据。<Stream demoVideo.swf>为单独的视频流，由于ffserver在出现音频流后不能再出现单独的视频流，所以此处注释掉了<Stream demoVideo.swf>。

        local streams下的都是本地文件，ffserver支持本地文件的点播。

        关于播放，swf是flash支持的格式，几乎所有的浏览器都支持播放此格式视频；flv是最为流行的网络视频格式，但一般情况下，浏览器不支持该格式视频直接播放，需安装插件，这里采用vlc插件：http://www.videolan.org/；webm是最新的html5支持的视频格式，此格式视频可以在chrome浏览器和firefox浏览器中直接播放；mp3、wav等音频格式可以在浏览器中直接播放。

        2. ffserver启动命令：

#! /bin/sh./ffserver -f ./ffserver.conf

四、ffserver实现视频点播

       在ffserver.conf中加入如下命令：

<Stream dengZiQi>File "dengZiQi.flv"Format flv</Stream>

五、向ffserver接入音视频流，实现视频直播

       1. 从组播中接入实时音视频流并转码封装

       ./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed1.ffm

       前面udp流是音频流(udp地址为上述组播地址)；中间udp流是视频流(udp地址为上述组播地址)；后面http流是根据ffserver.conf进行转码并封装后的特定格式音视频流(http地址为远程ffserver服务器地址)，它存储在ffserver的feed1.ffm缓冲文件中。这里，由于接收的是原始音频流，所以采用pcm_s16le压缩编码，采样率为44.1k，单声道；而视频流本身已经采用H.264压缩编码了，不再采用其他压缩编码。

       2. 从组播中接入实时音频流

       ./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed2.ffm

       3. 从组播中接入实时视频流

       ./ffmpeg -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed3.ffm

       4. 从本地文件中接入音视频流

       ./ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed4.ffm

       5. 录制屏幕接入音视频流

       ./ffmpeg -f x11grab -r 25 -s 640x512 -i :0.0 -f alsa -i pulse http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed5.ffm

       6. 从摄像头获取视频麦克风获取音频接入音视频流

       ./ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -s 640x480 -r 25 -i /dev/video0 -f alsa -i pulse http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed6.ffm

命令如：

#! /bin/shexec ./audios -rp 8888 -sp 8899 -i 239.255.1.2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &exec ./videos -rp 9999 -sp 9988 -i 239.255.1.2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &exec ./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed1.ffm 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &exec ./ffmpeg -f s16le -ar 44100 -ac 1 -i udp://239.255.1.2:8899 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed2.ffm 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &exec ./ffmpeg -i udp://239.255.1.2:9988 http://222.222.222.222:8090/feed3.ffm 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &

六、其他命令

       1. 分离音视频流

     ./ffmpeg -i demo.mkv -vcodec copy -an demo.mp4    ## 分离出视频流     ./ffmpeg -i demo.mkv -acodec copy -vn demo.mp3    ## 分离出音频流

       2. 视频解复用

     ./ffmpeg -i demo.mp4 -vcodec copy -an -f m4v demo.264

       3. 音视频封装

     ./ffmpeg -i demo.mp4 -i demo.mp3 -vcodec copy -acodec copy demo.mkv

转载地址：http://blog.csdn.net/zuijinhaoma8/article/details/45826001