原生javascript实现异步的7种方式

来源:互联网 发布:码头仓库总店 淘宝 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/07 03:18

原生的javascript 实现异步的方式其实远远不至7种,
大可以分3类,
延迟类型:setTimeout(setInterval也是可以的)、requestAnimationFrame、setImmediate(IE10及以上)
监听事件实现的类型:监听new Image加载状态、监听script加载状态、监听iframe加载状态、Message
带有异步功能类型 Promise、ajax( XMLHttpRequest、ActiveXObject)、Worker;
考虑到
1.iframe 效率过慢;
2.ajax 在ie下一定要加载真实的文件才能触发open及send;
3.Worker 虽然具有异步特性,但它属于多线程的范畴,需要将主要的算法写在单独的js文件中才能完整体现其优点,若单单为了异步化而使用的话太浪费了。
所有这3种方式就不列出。


一、实现异步的方式

1.setTimeout
2.setImmediate
3.requestAnimationFrame
4.监听new Image加载状态
5.监听script加载状态
6.Message
7.Promise


setTimeout

这个是最简单的

setTimeout( function() {    console.log(1);});console.log(2);



setImmediate

IE10添加的新功能,专门用于解放ui线程。IE10以下及其他浏览器不支持

setImmediate(function(){    console.log(1);});console.log(2);



requestAnimationFrame

HTML5/CSS3时代新产物,专门用于动画。低级浏览器不支持

var asynByAniFrame = (function(){    var _window = window,    frame = _window.requestAnimationFrame            || _window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.mozRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.oRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.msRequestAnimationFrame;    return function( callback ) { frame( callback ) };})();asynByAniFrame(function(){    console.log(1);})console.log(2);



监听new Image加载状态实现

通过加载一个data:image数据格式的图片,并监听器加载状态实现异步。

尽管部分浏览器不支持data:image图片数据格式,但仍然可以触发其onerror状态实现异步,但IE8及以下对data:image数据格式的图片,onerror为同步执行

function asynByImg( callback ) {    var img = new Image();    img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = function() {        img = img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = null;        callback();     }    img.src = "data:image/png,";}asynByImg(function(){    console.log(1);});console.log(2);



监听script加载状态实现

原理同new Image是一样的,生成一个data:text/javascript的script,并监听其加载状态实现异步。

尽管部分浏览器不支持data:text/javascript格式数据的script,但仍然可以触发其onerror、onreadystatechange事件实现异步。

var asynByScript = (function() {    var _document = document,        _body = _document.body,        _src = "data:text/javascript,",        //异步队列        queue = [];    return function( callback ) {            var script = _document.createElement("script");            script.src  = _src;            //添加到队列            queue[ queue.length ] = callback;            script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = function () {                script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = null;                _body.removeChild( script );                script = null;                //执行并删除队列中的第一个                queue.shift()();            };            _body.appendChild( script );        }    })();asynByScript( function() {    console.log(1);} );console.log(2);



Message

html5新技能,通过监听window.onmessage事件实现,然后postMessage发送消息,触发onmessage事件实现异步

var asynByMessage = (function() {        //异步队列        var queue = [];        window.addEventListener('message', function (e) {            //只响应asynByMessage的召唤            if ( e.data === 'asynByMessage' ) {                e.stopPropagation();                if ( queue.length ) {                    //执行并删除队列中的第一个                    queue.shift()();                }            }        }, true);        return function( callback ) {            //添加到队列            queue[ queue.length ] = callback;            window.postMessage('asynByMessage', '*');        };    })();asynByMessage(function() {    console.log(1);});console.log(2);



Promise

ES6的新技能,具有异步性质

var asynByPromise = (function() {        var promise = Promise.resolve({                then : function( callback ) {                    callback();                }            });        return function( callback ) {                    promise.then(function(){                        callback();                    })                };    })();asynByPromise(function() {    console.log(1);});console.log(2);



二、各种异步方式的运行效率

这里写图片描述

测试代码

/** * 检验一个方法是否浏览器原生 * @param  { Function }  func 需检测的方法 * @return { Boolean }   是否浏览器原生 */function isNativeFunc( func ) {    return typeof func === 'function' && /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/.test( func );}var _window = window,    frame = _window.requestAnimationFrame            || _window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.mozRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.oRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.msRequestAnimationFrame;    _window = null;var asynByPromise = isNativeFunc( window.Promise ) && (function() {        var promise = Promise.resolve({                then : function( callback ) {                    callback();                }            });        return function( callback ) {                    promise.then(function(){                        callback();                    })                };    })();var asynByAniFrame = isNativeFunc( frame ) && function( callback ) {    frame( callback );};var asynByWorker = (function() {    //生成一个新线程    var worker = new Worker('asynWorker.js'),        queue = [];    //监听线程    worker.addEventListener('message', function (e) {        //处理结果        queue.shift()();    }, true);    return function( callback ) {        queue[ queue.length ] = callback;         worker.postMessage('');    };})();var asynByMessage = isNativeFunc( window.postMessage ) && (function() {        //异步队列        var queue = [];        window.addEventListener('message', function (e) {            //只响应asynByMessage的召唤            if ( e.data === 'asynByMessage' ) {                e.stopPropagation();                if ( queue.length ) {                    //执行并删除队列中的第一个                    queue.shift()();                }            }        }, true);        return function( callback ) {            //添加到队列            queue[ queue.length ] = callback;            window.postMessage('asynByMessage', '*');        };    })();function asynByImg( callback ) {    var img = new Image();    img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = function() {        img = img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = null;        callback();     }    img.src = "data:image/png,";}//是否支持图片异步方式var supAsynImg = true;asynByImg(function(){    //IE8及以下对data:image数据格式的图片,onerror为同步执行    supAsynImg = false;})var asynByScript = (function() {    var _document = document,        _body = _document.body,        _src = "data:text/javascript,",        //异步队列        queue = [];    return function( callback ) {            var script = _document.createElement("script");            script.src  = _src;            //添加到队列            queue[ queue.length ] = callback;            script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = function () {                script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = null;                _body.removeChild( script );                script = null;                //执行并删除队列中的第一个                queue.shift()();            };            _body.appendChild( script );        }    })();function asynBySetImmediate( callback ) {    setImmediate( callback );}setTimeout(function() {    console.log('setTimeout');});if ( supAsynImg ) {    asynByImg(function() {        console.log('asynByImg');    });    }asynByScript(function() {    console.log('asynByScript');});if ( isNativeFunc( window.setImmediate) ) {    asynBySetImmediate(function() {        console.log('asynBySetImmediate');    });}if (isNativeFunc( window.Promise )) {    asynByPromise(function() {        console.log('asynByPromise');       });}if ( isNativeFunc( frame ) ) {    asynByAniFrame(function() {        console.log('asynByAniFrame');    });}if ( isNativeFunc( window.postMessage ) ) {    asynByMessage(function() {        console.log('asynByMessage');    });}asynByWorker(function() {        console.log('asynByWorker');    });

按照这样的结果,其实留下4个就够了
高级浏览器
支持promise的时候 asynByPromise 最快
支持requestAnimationFrame的时候 比 promise 慢,比其他快
其他浏览器
支持data:image数据格式图片异步的,asynByImg 比 asynScript快
每个浏览器都支持 data:text/javascript 数据格式的异步方式
所以
asynByPromise > asynByAniFrame > asynByImg > asynByScript

奇怪的是,IE中 setImmediate 从来没跑赢过 setTimeout。



三、最终代码

/** * 检验一个方法是否浏览器原生 * @param  { Function }  func 需检测的方法 * @return { Boolean }   是否浏览器原生 */function isNativeFunc( func ) {    return typeof func === 'function' && /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/.test( func );}var _window = window,    frame = _window.requestAnimationFrame            || _window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.mozRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.oRequestAnimationFrame            || _window.msRequestAnimationFrame,    //是否支持图片异步方式    supAsynImg = true;    _window = null;function asynByImg( callback ) {    var img = new Image();    img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = function() {        img = img.onload = img.onerror = img.onreadystatechange = null;        callback();     }    img.src = "data:image/png,";}asynByImg(function(){    //IE8及以下对data:image数据格式的图片,onerror为同步执行    supAsynImg = false;});var asynFire =         //浏览器中有Promise方法且为原生        isNativeFunc( window.Promise )         &&         (function() {            var promise = Promise.resolve({                    then : function( callback ) {                        callback();                    }                });            return function( callback ) {                        promise.then(function(){                            callback();                        })                    };        })()        ||        //浏览器中有requestAnimationFrame方法且为原生        isNativeFunc( frame )        &&        function( callback ) {            frame( callback );        }        ||        //支持图片异步        supAsynImg        &&         asynByImg        ||        //script异步        (function() {            var _document = document,                _body = _document.body,                _src = "data:text/javascript,",                //异步队列                queue = [];        return function( callback ) {                var script = _document.createElement("script");                script.src  = _src;                //添加到队列                queue[ queue.length ] = callback;                script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = function () {                    script.onload = script.onerror = script.onreadystatechange = null;                    _body.removeChild( script );                    script = null;                    //执行并删除队列中的第一个                    queue.shift()();                };                _body.appendChild( script );            }        })();if ( asynFire !== asynByImg ) {    asynByImg = null;}
0 0
原创粉丝点击