关于淘宝网评论数据的抓取
来源：互联网 发布：梦幻西游淘宝网租号 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/04/28 20:06
关于淘宝网评论数据的抓取
第一步 如何获取商品基本信息
我们打开多张淘宝的商品网页，分析网页的URL组成，寻找其中的规律，下面给出一个例子
我们发现了一个规律就是http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=商品id
（这个只适用于大部分商品）
第二步 观察浏览器是如何获取指定商品的评论数据
我们在浏览器中是可以浏览商品的评论数据的，我可以借助chrome浏览器的开发者工具，监测我们在浏览商品的评论数据的时候访问了那些链接，分析出我们是从哪一个链接中获得了评论数据，这个是关键点。下面是分析过程
我们从上图可以知道，评论数据是怎么来的了，关键是要弄清楚这个评论数据的url是怎么来的就好说了，这是我们接下来要解决的文件
第三步 评论数据的url怎么来的
对于http://rate.taobao.com/detailCommon.htm?callback=jsonp_reviews_summary2&userNumId=23131616&auctionNumId=44490418808&siteID=4&ua=
这么一个连接，不可能是凭空产生的，那么它唯一的来源就是商品页面，就包含了它，或者它的各个部分，那么我就去分析商品页面的源码，其实源码其实很多，不好找，把 rate.taobao.com/detailCommon.htm 这一段，作为关键字去搜索就得到了
我们在这个地方就可以得到了 淘宝评论的url，
<div id="reviews" data-reviewApi="//rate.taobao.com/detail_rate.htm?userNumId=23131616&auctionNumId=44490418808&showContent=1¤tPage=1&ismore=0&siteID=4" data-reviewCountApi="" data-listApi="//rate.taobao.com/feedRateList.htm?userNumId=23131616&auctionNumId=44490418808&siteID=4" data-commonApi="//rate.taobao.com/detailCommon.htm?userNumId=23131616&auctionNumId=44490418808&siteID=4" data-usefulApi="//rate.taobao.com/vote_useful.htm?userNumId=23131616&auctionNumId=44490418808"></div>那么接下来就看程序实现了
首先我们要模拟浏览器去访问一个淘宝的商品页面，那么就用HttpClient，
private static List<CommentInfo> grabData(String id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String goodUrl=baseUrl+id; log("开始分析商品 "+id+"网页数据:"+goodUrl); String html = null;// 打开商品所在的html页面 try { html = Client.sendGet(goodUrl); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }// 如果商品页面打开失败则返回 if(html==null) { log("打开商品页面失败,"+goodUrl); return null; }// 分析商品页面，提取其中的评论数据的url String url= analysis(html);// String temp="http://rate.taobao.com/feedRateList.htm?_ksTS=1430057796067_1323&callback=jsonp_reviews_list&userNumId=1753146414&auctionNumId=39232136537&siteID=1¤tPageNum=1&rateType=&orderType=sort_weight&showContent=1&attribute=&ua="; if(url==null) { log("提取商品评论数据url失败，终止分析"); return null; }// 获得商品的评论数据 List<CommentInfo> list=analysisComments(url); return list; }我们访问了商品页面，那么就要获得其中的评论数据的url，
关键在于 找到 <div id="reviews"
这个标签，然后再去访问这个标签的
data-listApi="//rate.taobao.com/feedRateList.htm?userNumId=23131616&auctionNumId=44490418808&siteID=4"这个属性的值，这个值就是我们要的评论数据url了。这个使用JSoup就可以用上了/**
* 根据商品的html获得商品评论数据的url
* @param html 商品的html
* @return 评论数据的url，如果无法获取的话，就返回null
*/
public static String analysis(String html)
{
Document doc=Jsoup.parse(html);
Element e=doc.getElementById("reviews"); if(e!=null) { System.out.println(e.html()); String url=e.attr("data-listapi"); System.out.println(url); return url; } return null;}到这里，一切都很明白了，以下是全部代码
主类
/** * author:tanqidong * create Time:2015年4月26日,下午8:53:03 * description: * fileName:DataObtainer.java */package com.computer.test;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;import org.jsoup.Jsoup;import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;import com.computer.app.CommentInfoApp;import com.computer.entity.CommentInfo;import com.computer.net.Client;import com.google.gson.Gson;/** * @author * */public class DataObtainer { /** * 商品基本的url */ private static final String baseUrl="http://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id="; /** * 查询评论附带的参数 */ private static final String urlCondition="&callback=jsonp_reviews_list&rateType=&orderType=sort_weight&showContent=1&attribute=&ua=¤tPageNum="; /** * 输出日志标签 */ private static final String defaultTag = "DataObtainer"; /* * 默认抓取的评论条数 */ private static final int defaultCommentCount=100; /** * @param args * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException */ public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub// 这里修改商品id，做测试 String id="44413860299";// 抓取商品评论数据 List<CommentInfo> list=grabData(id); if(list==null) { log("获取评论数据失败"); System.exit(1); } if(list.size()==0) { log("获取评论数据条数为0"); System.exit(1); } // DBConnection db=new DBConnection(); CommentInfoApp cia=new CommentInfoApp(); log("抓取的条数:"+list.size());// 预览商品评论数据 for(CommentInfo ci:list) { log(ci.getDate()+":"+ci.getContent()); ci.setTaoBaoId(id);// 保存到数据库 // db.insert(ci); cia.addComment(ci); } } /** * 根据商品数据，获取商品的评论数据 * @param id 商品id */ private static List<CommentInfo> grabData(String id) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String goodUrl=baseUrl+id; log("开始分析商品 "+id+"网页数据:"+goodUrl); String html = null;// 打开商品所在的html页面 try { html = Client.sendGet(goodUrl); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }// 如果商品页面打开失败则返回 if(html==null) { log("打开商品页面失败,"+goodUrl); return null; }// 分析商品页面，提取其中的评论数据的url String url= analysis(html);// String temp="http://rate.taobao.com/feedRateList.htm?_ksTS=1430057796067_1323&callback=jsonp_reviews_list&userNumId=1753146414&auctionNumId=39232136537&siteID=1¤tPageNum=1&rateType=&orderType=sort_weight&showContent=1&attribute=&ua="; if(url==null) { log("提取商品评论数据url失败，终止分析"); return null; }// 获得商品的评论数据 List<CommentInfo> list=analysisComments(url); return list; } /** * 分析获取评论数据对象 * @param url 评论数据的url * @return 评论数据对象列表，如果获取失败则返回null */ private static List<CommentInfo> analysisComments(String url) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub /* * 由于评论有多个页面，暂时无法获取评论的总分页数，所以这里采用循环，当获取的页面数据为null，即该页的评论数据条数为0，那么 * 那么就认为该页，是评论的最后一页，结束循环 */ String html=null; int page=1;//默认从第一页开始获取商品评论数据// 商品评论数据对象总列表 List<CommentInfo> data=new ArrayList<CommentInfo>(); while(true){ log("开始分析商品评论数据页面:"+page);// 根据页号，获得商品评论数据 html=getComments(url,page); log(html); // 如果商品评论页面打开失败则返回 if(html==null) { log("获取商品评论页面失败，结束获取"); return null; } // 对商品评论数据的分析，预处理获得标准的json格式 // String []term=html.split("\\(");//根据(分割字符串 html.replace("jsonp_reviews_list(", ""); //if(term.length>=2 && term[1].length()>0) if(html.contains("jsonp_reviews_list(")) { //term[1]=term[1].trim();//去掉字符串 前后的空格 //String jsonData=term[1].substring(0, term[1].length()-1); //去掉字符串后面的)符号 String jsonData=html.replace("jsonp_reviews_list(", ""); jsonData=jsonData.trim(); jsonData=jsonData.substring(0, jsonData.length()-1); //去掉字符串后面的)符号 // 解析json 字符串，获得评论数据对象列表 List<CommentInfo> list=analysisJson(jsonData);// 如果对象列表为空，则结束循环 if(list==null) { log("当前页面："+page+" 已经没有更多数据了，结束获取");// 结束获取评论页面的循环 break; } else { //将获得的评论数据列表添加到总数据列表 if(data.size()+list.size()<=defaultCommentCount) data.addAll(list); else { for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++) { data.add(list.get(i)); if(data.size()>=defaultCommentCount) { break; } } } if(data.size()>=defaultCommentCount) { break; } } } else { log("获得的商品数据格式无法解析："+html); log("结束获取");// 数据抓取过程中出现错误，终止循环 break; }// 页号自增 page++; } return data; } /** * @param url 商品评论的url * @param page 商品评论的页号 * @return 商品页面数据 */ private static String getComments(String url, int page) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String html=null; String commentUrl=url+urlCondition+page; if(!commentUrl.startsWith("http:")) commentUrl="http:"+commentUrl; try { html=Client.sendGet(commentUrl,"GBK"); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); log("打开页面失败! "+commentUrl); }// System.out.println(html); return html; } /** * 将评论的json字符串，解析成对象 * @param html json字符串 * @return CommentInfo对象列表 */ public static List<CommentInfo> analysisJson(String html) { List<CommentInfo> list=new ArrayList<CommentInfo>(); // Gson gson=new Gson(); //JsonData data=gson.fromJson(html, JsonData.class); JSONArray ja=null; try{ JSONObject jo=JSONObject.parseObject(html); ja=jo.getJSONArray("comments"); }catch(Exception e) { log(html); } if(ja==null) { return null; } for(int i=0;i<ja.size();i++) { JSONObject jai=ja.getJSONObject(i); String content= jai.getString("content"); String date =jai.getString("date"); CommentInfo ci=new CommentInfo(date, content); //System.out.println(content+"-->"+date); list.add(ci); } return list; } /** * 根据商品的html获得商品评论数据的url * @param html 商品的html * @return 评论数据的url，如果无法获取的话，就返回null */ public static String analysis(String html) { Document doc=Jsoup.parse(html); Element e=doc.getElementById("reviews"); if(e!=null) { System.out.println(e.html()); String url=e.attr("data-listapi"); System.out.println(url); return url; } return null; } private static void log(String ss) { log(defaultTag,ss); } private static void log(String tag,String ss) { System.out.println(tag+": "+ss); }}网络访问类
package com.computer.net; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.client.params.ClientPNames;import org.apache.http.client.params.CookiePolicy;import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext;import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;import org.apache.http.entity.BufferedHttpEntity;import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;public class Client { public static HttpClient httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient(); private static Cookie mCookie=null; private static CookieStore mCookieStore=null; public static HttpClient getHttpClient() { if(httpClient==null) { httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient(); httpClient.getParams().setParameter(ClientPNames.COOKIE_POLICY, CookiePolicy.BEST_MATCH); // User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.3; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; Shuame) httpClient.getParams().setParameter("User-Agent","Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; InfoPath.3; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; Shuame)"); /* // ��֤������ // ��������Ϲд�ģ������ʵ�������д httpClient.getCredentialsProvider().setCredentials(new AuthScope("10.60.8.20", 8080), new UsernamePasswordCredentials("username", "password")); // ���ʵ�Ŀ��վ�㣬�˿ں�Э�� HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("www.google.com", 443, "https"); // ���������? HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("10.60.8.20", 8080); httpClient.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY, proxy); // Ŀ����? HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/adsense/login/zh_CN/?"); System.out.println("Ŀ��: " + targetHost); System.out.println("����: " + httpget.getRequestLine()); System.out.println("����: " + proxy); */ } return httpClient; } public static byte[] sendGet_byte(String url) { getHttpClient(); byte[] data=null; httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet(url); InputStream is=null; HttpContext httpContext=new BasicHttpContext(); if(mCookieStore==null) { mCookieStore=new BasicCookieStore(); } httpContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mCookieStore); HttpResponse httpResponse; try { httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet,httpContext); HttpEntity httpEntity=httpResponse.getEntity(); if(httpEntity!=null) { is=httpEntity.getContent(); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } if(is!=null) { data=readStream(is); } return data; } public static String sendGet(String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ getHttpClient(); String result = null; httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); InputStream in = null; HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext(); if(mCookieStore==null) mCookieStore = new BasicCookieStore(); context.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mCookieStore); try { // long t1=System.currentTimeMillis(); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get,context); // System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-t1); List<Cookie> cookies = mCookieStore.getCookies(); if (!cookies.isEmpty()) { for (int i = cookies.size(); i > 0; i --) { Cookie cookie = cookies.get(i - 1); if (cookie.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("IRSSessionID")) { mCookie=cookie; System.out.println(cookie.getValue()); } } } HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { entity = new BufferedHttpEntity(entity); in = entity.getContent(); byte[] read = new byte[1024]; byte[] all = new byte[0]; int num; while ((num = in.read(read)) > 0) { byte[] temp = new byte[all.length + num]; System.arraycopy(all, 0, temp, 0, all.length); System.arraycopy(read, 0, temp, all.length, num); all = temp; } result = new String(all, "UTF-8"); } } finally { if (in != null) in.close(); get.abort(); } return result; } public static String sendGet(String url,String charset) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ getHttpClient(); String result = null; httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url); InputStream in = null; HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext(); if(mCookieStore==null) mCookieStore = new BasicCookieStore(); context.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mCookieStore); try { // long t1=System.currentTimeMillis(); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get,context); // System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-t1); List<Cookie> cookies = mCookieStore.getCookies(); if (!cookies.isEmpty()) { for (int i = cookies.size(); i > 0; i --) { Cookie cookie = cookies.get(i - 1); if (cookie.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("IRSSessionID")) { mCookie=cookie; System.out.println(cookie.getValue()); } } } HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { entity = new BufferedHttpEntity(entity); in = entity.getContent(); byte[] read = new byte[1024]; byte[] all = new byte[0]; int num; while ((num = in.read(read)) > 0) { byte[] temp = new byte[all.length + num]; System.arraycopy(all, 0, temp, 0, all.length); System.arraycopy(read, 0, temp, all.length, num); all = temp; } result = new String(all, charset); } } finally { if (in != null) in.close(); get.abort(); } return result; } public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ String result = null; HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost get = new HttpPost(url); // �����������б� List<NameValuePair> qparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); Set<String> keys = params.keySet(); for (String key : keys) { qparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key))); } // ���� get.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(qparams,"GBK")); HttpContext httpContext=new BasicHttpContext(); if(mCookieStore==null) mCookieStore = new BasicCookieStore(); // mCookieStore.addCookie(mCookie); httpContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mCookieStore); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get,httpContext); HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { entity = new BufferedHttpEntity(entity); InputStream in = entity.getContent(); //byte[] all= readStream(in); byte[] read = new byte[1024]; byte[] all = new byte[0]; int num; while ((num = in.read(read)) > 0) { byte[] temp = new byte[all.length + num]; System.arraycopy(all, 0, temp, 0, all.length); System.arraycopy(read, 0, temp, all.length, num); all = temp; } result = new String(all,"UTF-8"); if (null != in) { in.close(); } } get.abort(); return result; }public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> params,String charset) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException{ String result = null; HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpPost get = new HttpPost(url); // �����������б� List<NameValuePair> qparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); if(params!=null) { Set<String> keys = params.keySet(); for (String key : keys) { qparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key))); } } // ���� get.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(qparams,charset)); //get.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8"); HttpContext httpContext=new BasicHttpContext(); if(mCookieStore==null) mCookieStore = new BasicCookieStore(); // mCookieStore.addCookie(mCookie); httpContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mCookieStore); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get,httpContext); HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { entity = new BufferedHttpEntity(entity); InputStream in = entity.getContent(); //byte[] all= readStream(in); byte[] read = new byte[1024]; byte[] all = new byte[0]; int num; while ((num = in.read(read)) > 0) { byte[] temp = new byte[all.length + num]; System.arraycopy(all, 0, temp, 0, all.length); System.arraycopy(read, 0, temp, all.length, num); all = temp; } result = new String(all,charset); if (null != in) { in.close(); } } get.abort(); return result; } /** * @param is * @return * @throws IOException ��д�� * @Description: */ private static byte[] readStream(InputStream is) { int tmp=0; byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); try { while((tmp=is.read(buffer))!=-1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, tmp); } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return baos.toByteArray(); } public static String sendGet(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { Set<String> keys = params.keySet(); StringBuilder urlBuilder = new StringBuilder(url + "?"); for (String key : keys) { urlBuilder.append(key).append("=").append(params.get(key)).append("&"); } urlBuilder.delete(urlBuilder.length() - 1, urlBuilder.length()); return sendGet(urlBuilder.toString()); } /* public static HttpClient getHttpClient(Context paramContext) { BasicHttpParams localBasicHttpParams = new BasicHttpParams(); HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(localBasicHttpParams, 50000); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(localBasicHttpParams, 200000); DefaultHttpClient localDefaultHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(localBasicHttpParams); if (!((WifiManager)paramContext.getSystemService("wifi")).isWifiEnabled()) { Uri localUri = Uri.parse("content://telephony/carriers/preferapn"); Cursor localCursor = paramContext.getContentResolver().query(localUri, null, null, null, null); if ((localCursor != null) && (localCursor.moveToFirst())) { String str = localCursor.getString(localCursor.getColumnIndex("proxy")); if ((str != null) && (str.trim().length() > 0)) { HttpHost localHttpHost = new HttpHost(str, 80); localDefaultHttpClient.getParams().setParameter("http.route.default-proxy", localHttpHost); } localCursor.close(); } } return localDefaultHttpClient; } */ public static String uploadFile(String url,String fileName,File file, Map<String, String> params, String charset) throws IOException { MultipartEntityBuilder meb=MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); meb.addBinaryBody(fileName, file); getHttpClient(); Set<String> keys = params.keySet(); for (String key : keys) { meb.addTextBody(key, params.get(key)); } HttpPost get=new HttpPost(url); get.setEntity(meb.build()); HttpContext httpContext=new BasicHttpContext(); if(mCookieStore==null) mCookieStore = new BasicCookieStore(); // mCookieStore.addCookie(mCookie); httpContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, mCookieStore); HttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpClient.execute(get,httpContext); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String result = null; if (entity != null) { entity = new BufferedHttpEntity(entity); InputStream in = entity.getContent(); //byte[] all= readStream(in); byte[] read = new byte[1024]; byte[] all = new byte[0]; int num; while ((num = in.read(read)) > 0) { byte[] temp = new byte[all.length + num]; System.arraycopy(all, 0, temp, 0, all.length); System.arraycopy(read, 0, temp, all.length, num); all = temp; } result = new String(all,charset); if (null != in) { in.close(); } } get.abort(); return result; }}需要的库主要是 httpclient，jsoup，fastjson,gson,
参考：
HttpCient,JSoup
页面访问不了，就去百度一下
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