nginx rewrite 参数和例子

来源:互联网 发布:会声会影x9软件下载 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/03 00:58

本位转自:http://blog.c1gstudio.com/archives/434
推荐参考地址:

Mailing list ARChives 官方讨论区 http://marc.info/?l=nginx
Nginx常见应用技术指南[Nginx Tips] http://bbs.linuxtone.org/thread-1685-1-1.html

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验,整理一下方便日后参考。
正则表达式匹配,其中:

  • ~ 为区分大小写匹配
  • ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
  • !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配文件及目录匹配,
  • 其中:
  • -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
  • -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
  • -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
  • -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有:

  • last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite
  • break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
  • redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
  • permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)

$args$content_length$content_type$document_root$document_uri$host$http_user_agent$http_cookie$limit_rate$request_body_file$request_method$remote_addr$remote_port$remote_user$request_filename$request_uri$query_string$scheme$server_protocol$server_addr$server_name$server_port$uri

结合QeePHP的例子

if (!-d $request_filename) {rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;break;

多目录转成参数

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {set $sub_name $1;   rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;}

目录对换

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;}

目录自动加“/”

if (-d $request_filename){rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;}

禁止htaccess

location ~//.ht {         deny all;     }

禁止多个目录

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {         deny all;break;     }

禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;

location ~ ^/data {         deny all;     }

禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求

location /searchword/cron/ {         deny all;     }

禁止单个文件

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {         deny all;     }

给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志

location ~(favicon.ico) {                 log_not_found off;expires 99d;break;     }location ~(robots.txt) {log_not_found off;expires 7d;break;     }

设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {                 access_log   off;                 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;                 expires 600;                 break;                       }

文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求

“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力 “expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存

location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;if ($invalid_referer) {    rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;    return 412;    break;}                 access_log   off;                 root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;expires 3d;break;     }

只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码

root /opt/htdocs/www; allow 208.97.167.194; allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4; deny all; auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html rewrite
^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html/job/1/2/jobshow_3.html
last;

将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)/area/1/$2 last;

上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/area/1/ last; rewrite
^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)/area/1/$2 last;

这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果

if (-d $request_filename){rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;}

知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/1job/ permanent; rewrite
^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)/area/1/$2 last;

文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:

if (!-e $request_filename) {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;}

域名跳转

server     {             listen       80;             server_name  jump.c1gstudio.com;             index index.html index.htm index.php;             root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;             rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;             access_log  off;     }

多域名转向

server_name  www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;             index index.html index.htm index.php;             root  /opt/lampp/htdocs;if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;}

三级域名跳转

if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;break;}

域名镜向

server     {             listen       80;             server_name  mirror.c1gstudio.com;             index index.html index.htm index.php;             root  /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;             rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;             access_log  off;     }

某个子目录作镜向

location ^~ /zhaopinhui {  rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;  break;     }discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewriterewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;discuz 7 rewriterewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

给discuz某版块单独配置域名

server_name  bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;     location = / {        if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {  rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;  break;}     }discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化location ^~ /ucenter {     location ~ .*/.php?$     {  #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;  fastcgi_index index.php;  include fcgi.conf;          }     location /ucenter/data/avatar {log_not_found off;access_log   off;location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {    error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;}location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {    error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;}location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {    error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;}expires 300;break;     }                       }jspace rewritelocation ~ .*/.php?$             {                  #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;                  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;                  fastcgi_index index.php;                  include fcgi.conf;                  }             location ~* ^/index.php/             {    rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;                  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;                  fastcgi_index index.php;                  include fcgi.conf;             }
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