第一章第十一节查看C#代码

来源：互联网发布：java高级for循环编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/23 18:53

查看C#代码

列表1-5中的代码是来自示例游戏application class。正如你所见，application从另一个叫CD3DApplication的类继承而来。此类基于微软DirectX 9 SDK提供的类。一个唾手可得的类用来记录初始化和终止DirectX所需要的薄记信息。我稍微修改了微软的版本，以便可能以全屏幕启动以及调整了循环的处理，以符合我们用在游戏引擎中的循环。如果你对初始化和终止DirectX 9有兴趣，我鼓励你从Apress网站下载源代码看看。

列表1.5：示例Application

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// File: App.cs

//

// Desc: Sample code for Introduction to 3D Game Engine Design

//

//      This sample shows the basic application software that sets up the

//       base application and the process flow. The application uses a version

//       of the CD3DApplication base class provided with the Microsoft

//       DirectX 9 SDK to perform the standard initialization of DirectX.

//

//       Note: This code uses the D3D Framework helper library.

//

// Copyright (c) 2002 Lynn T. Harrison. All rights reserved.

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Collections;

using Microsoft.DirectX;

using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;

using Microsoft.DirectX.Directlnput;

using GameEngine;

using GameAI;

namespace SampleGame

    /// <summary>

    /// Summary description for GameEngine.

    /// </summary>

    class CGameApplication : GraphicsSample

       #region // Game State enumeration

       /// <summary>

       /// Each member of this enumeration is one possible state for the

       /// application

       /// </summary>

///

       /// <remarks>

       /// DevSplash         -Display the developer splash screen

       /// </remarks>

       /// <remarks>

       /// GameSplash        -Display the game splash screen

       /// </remarks>

       /// <remarks>

       /// OptionsMain       -Display and process the primary options screen

       /// </remarks>

       /// <remarks>

       /// GamePlay          -State to actually play the game

       /// </remarks>

       /// <remarks>

       /// AfterActionReview - Display the results of the game

       /// </remarks>

       public enum GameState

          /// <summary>

          /// Display the developer splash screen

          /// </summary>

          DevSplash,

          /// <summary>

          /// Display the game splash screen

          /// </summary>

          GameSplash,

          /// <summary>

          /// Display and process the primary options screen

          /// </summary>

          OptionsMain,

          /// <summary>

          /// State to actually play the game

          /// </summary>

          GamePlay,

          /// <summary>

          /// Display the results of the game

          /// </summary>

          AfterActionReview,

       #endregion

       #region // Application member variables

       /// <summary>

       /// Current state of the application

       /// </summary>

       private GameState          m_State;

       private static CGameEngine m_Engine = new CGameEngine();

       private GraphicsFont       m_pFont = null;

       private GameEngine.Console m_Console;

       private ArrayList          m_opponents = null;

       private OptionScreen       m_OptionScreen = null;

       private bool               m_bShowStatistics = false;

       private bool               m_bScreenCapture = false;

       private bool               m_bUsingJoystick = true;

       private bool               m_bUsingKeyboard = false;

       private bool               m_bUsingMouse = false;

       private Ownship            m_ownship = null;

       private Cloth              m_flag = null;

       private Jukebox            music = null;

       #endregion

       public static CGameEngine Engine { get { return m_Engine; } }

       /// <summary>

       /// Application constructor. Sets attributes for the app.

       /// </summary>

       public CGameApplication()

          // Initialize the game state for the developer splash screen.

          m_State = GameState.DevSplash;

          m_pFont = new GraphicsFont( "Aerial", System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold );

          windowed = false;

          m_opponents = new ArrayList();

       /// <summary>

       /// Called during initial app startup, this function performs all the

       /// permanent initialization.

       /// </summary>

       protected override void OneTimeSceneInitialization()

          // Initialize the font's internal textures.

          m_pFont.InitializeDeviceObjects( device );

          // Nothing much to do yet - will be used in later chapters.

          m_Engine.Initialize( this, device );

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapKeyboardAction(Key.Escape,

             new ButtonAction (Terminate), true);

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapKeyboardAction(Key.A,

             new ButtonAction(MoveCameraXM), false);

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapKeyboardAction (Key.W,

             new ButtonAction(MoveCameraZP), false);

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapKeyboardAction(Key.S,

             new ButtonAction(MoveCameraXP), false);

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapKeyboardAction (Key.Z,

             new ButtonAction(MoveCameraZM), false);

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapKeyboardAction(Key.P,

             new ButtonAction(ScreenCapture), true);

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapMouseAxisAction(0,

             new AxisAction(PointCamera));

          CGameEngine.Inputs.MapMouseAxisAction(1,

             new AxisAction(PitchCamera));

          m_Console = new GameEngine.Console( m_pFont, "console.jpg" );

          GameEngine.Console.AddCommand( "QUIT", "Terminate the game",

             new CommandFunction(TerminateCommand));

          GameEngine.Console.AddCommand( "STATISTICS",

             "Toggle statistics display",

             new CommandFunction(ToggleStatistics));

          m_OptionScreen = new OptionScreen( "Options1.jpg");

          m_OptionScreen.AddButton( 328, 150, "PlayOff.jpg", "PlayOn.jpg",

             "PlayHover.jpg", new ButtonFunction(Play) );

          m_OptionScreen.AddButton(328, 300, "QuitOff.jpg", "QuitOn.jpg",

             "QuitHover.jpg", new ButtonFunction(Terminate) );

          m_Engine.SetOptionScreen( m_OptionScreen );

          music = new Jukebox();

          music.AddSong("nadine.mp3");

          music.AddSong("ComeOn.mp3");

          music.AddSong("Rock.mp3");

          music.Volume = 0.75f;

          music.Play();

       /// <summary>

       /// Called once per frame, the call is the entry point for all game

       /// processing. This function calls the appropriate part of the

       /// game engine based on the

       /// engine based on the current state.

       /// </summary>

       protected override void FrameMove()

try

             SelectControls select_form = null;

             // get any player inputs

             m_Engine.GetPlayerInputs();

             // Clear the viewport.

             device.Clear( ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer,

                0×00000000, 1.0f, 0 );

             device.BeginScene();

             // Determine what needs to be rendered based on the current game state,

             switch ( m_State )

                 case GameState.DevSplash:

                    if ( m_Engine.ShowSplash("devsplash.jpg", 8,

                          new BackgroundTask(LoadOptions)) )

                       m_State = GameState.GameSplash;

                    break;

                 case GameState.GameSplash:

                     if ( m_Engine.ShowSplash("gamesplash.jpg", 8, null) )

                        m_State = GameState.OptionsMain;

                        select_form = new SelectControls();

                        select_form.ShowDialog(this);

                        m_bUsingJoystick = select_form.UseJoystick.Checked;

                        m_bUsingKeyboard = select_form.UseKeyboard.Checked;

                        m_bUsingMouse = select_form.UseMouse.Checked;

                        if ( m_bUsingJoystick )

                           GameEngine.Console.AddLine("Using Joystick");

                        if ( m_bUsingKeyboard )

                           GameEngine.Console.AddLine("Using Keyboard");

                        if ( m_bUsingMouse )

                           GameEngine.Console.AddLine("Using Mouse");

                        m_ownship = (Ownship)Engine.GetObject("car1");

                        m_ownship.UseJoystick = m_bUsingJoystick;

                        m_ownship.UseKeyboard = m_bUsingKeyboard;

                        m_ownship.UseMouse = m_bUsingMouse;

                     break;

                 case GameState.OptionsMain:

                     m_Engine.DoOptions();

                     break;

                 case GameState.GamePlay:

                     m_Engine.GetPlayerInputs();

                     m_Engine.DoAI( elapsedTime );

                     m_Engine.DoDynamics( elapsedTime );

                     m_Engine.DoNetworking( elapsedTime );

                     m_Engine.Render();

                     break;

                 case GameState.AfterActionReview:

                     m_Engine.DoAfterActionReview();

                     break;

             GameEngine.Console.Render();

             if ( m_ownship != null && m_State == GameState.GamePlay )

                m_pFont.DrawText( 200, 560, Color.FromArgb(255,0,0,0),

                          m_ownship.MPH.ToString() );

                m_pFont.DrawText( 200, 580, Color. FromArgb(255, 0,0,0),

                          m_ownship.ForwardVelocity.ToString() );

                m_pFont.DrawText( 200, 600, Color.FromArgb(255,0,0,0),

                          m_ownship.SidewaysVelocity.ToString() );

             // Output statistics.

             if ( m_bShowStatistics )

                m_pFont.DrawText( 2, 560, Color.FromArgb(255,255,255,0),

                   frameStats );

                m_pFont.DrawText( 2, 580, Color.FromArgb(255,255,255,0),

                   deviceStats );

             if ( m_bScreenCapture )

                SurfaceLoader.Save("capture.bmp",ImageFileFormat.Bmp,

                           device.GetBackBuffer(0,0,BackBufferType.Mono));

                m_bScreenCapture = false;

                GameEngine.Console.AddLine("snapshot taken");

         catch (DirectXException d3de)

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(

                             "Error in Sample Game Application FrameMove" );

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(d3de.ErrorString);

         catch ( Exception e )

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(

                            "Error in Sample Game Application FrameMove");

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(e.Message);

         finally

            device.EndScene();

      /// <summary>

      /// The main entry point for the application

      /// </summary>

      [STAThread]

      static void Main(string[] args)

try

            CGameApplication d3dApp = new CGameApplication();

            if (d3dApp.CreateGraphicsSample())

               d3dApp.Run();

         catch (DirectXException d3de)

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(

                             "Error in Sample Game Application" );

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(d3de.ErrorString);

        catch ( Exception e )

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(

                             "Error in Sample Game Application" );

            System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(e.Message);

     // Action functions

     /// <summary>

     /// Action to start playing

     /// </summary>

     public void Play()

        m_State = GameState.GamePlay;

        GameEngine.Console.Reset();

     /// <summary>

     /// Action to terminate the application

     /// </summary>

     public void Terminate()

        m_bTerminate = true;

     /// <summary>

     /// Screen capture

     /// </summary>

     public void ScreenCapture()

        m_bScreenCapture = true;

     /// <summary>

     /// Version of terminate for use by the console

     /// </summary>

     /// <param name="sData"></param>

     public void TerminateCommand( string sData )

        Terminate();

     /// <summary>

     /// Toggle the display of statistics information.

     /// </summary>

     /// <param name="sData"></param>

     public void ToggleStatistics( string sData )

        m_bShowStatistics = !m_bShowStatistics;

     /// <summary>

     /// Action to transition to the next game state based on a mapper action

     /// </summary>

     public void NextState()

        if ( m_State < GameState.AfterActionReview )

           m_State++;

        else

           m_State = GameState.OptionsMain;

        public void PointCamera( int count )

           m_Engine.MoveCamera(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, count);

         public void PitchCamera( int count )

            m_Engine.MoveCamera(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, count * 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        public void MoveCameraXP()

           m_Engine.MoveCamera(0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        public void MoveCameraXM()

           m_Engine.MoveCamera(−0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        public void MoveCameraY()

           m_Engine.MoveCamera(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        public void MoveCameraZP()

           m_Engine.MoveCamera(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        public void MoveCameraZM()

           m_Engine.MoveCamera(0.0f, 0.0f, −0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

        /// <summary>

///

        /// </summary>

        protected override void RestoreDeviceObjects(System.Object sender,

           System.EventArgs e)

           // Set the transform matrices (view and world are updated per frame).

           Matrix matProj;

           float fAspect =  device.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth /

                            (float)device.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight;

           matProj = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH( (float)Math.PI/4, fAspect,

                         1.0f, 100.0f );

           device.Transform.Projection = matProj;

           // Set up the default texture states.

           device.TextureState[0].ColorOperation = TextureOperation.Modulate;

           device.TextureState[0].ColorArgument1 = TextureArgument.TextureColor;

           device.TextureState[0].ColorArgument2 = TextureArgument.Diffuse;

           device.TextureState[0].AlphaOperation = TextureOperation.SelectArg1;

           device.TextureState[0].AlphaArgument1 = TextureArgument.TextureColor;

           device.SamplerState[0].MinFilter = TextureFilter.Linear;

           device.SamplerState[0].MagFilter = TextureFilter.Linear;

           device.SamplerState[0].MipFilter = TextureFilter.Linear;

           device.SamplerState[0].AddressU = TextureAddress.Clamp;

           device.SamplerState[0].AddressV = TextureAddress.Clamp;

           device.RenderState.DitherEnable = true;

     /// <summary>

     /// Called when the app is exiting, or the device is being changed, this

     /// function deletes any device-dependent objects.

     /// </summary>

     protected override void DeleteDeviceObjects(System.Object sender,

        System.EventArgs e)

        m_Engine.Dispose();

     public void LoadOptions()

try

          System.Random rand = new System.Random();

          // Loading of options will happen here.

          m_Engine.SetTerrain(200, 200, "heightmap.jpg", "sand1.jpg", 10.0f, 0.45f);

           for ( int i=0; i<300; i++ )

               float north = (float) (rand.NextDouble() * 1900.0);

               float east = (float) (rand.NextDouble() * 1900.0);

               BillBoard.Add( east, north, 0.0f, "cactus"+i, "cactus.dds",

                    1.0f, 1.0f);

           for ( int i=0; i<300; i++ )

               float north = (float) (rand.NextDouble() * 1900.0);

               float east = (float) (rand.NextDouble() * 1900.0);

               BillBoard.Add( east, north, 0.0f, "tree"+i, "palmtree.dds",

                  6.5f, 10. 0f);

           GameEngine.Console.AddLine("all trees loaded");

            m_Engine.AddObject(new ParticleGenerator("Spray1", 2000, 2000,

                        Color.Yellow, "Particle.bmp",

                        new ParticleUpdate(Gravity)));

           double j = 0.0;

           double center_x = 1000.0;

           double center_z = 1000.0;

           double radius = 700.0;

           double width = 20.0;

           m_flag = new Cloth ("flag", "flag.jpg", 2, 2, 0.1, 1.0f);

           m_flag.Height = 0.6f;

           m_flag.North = 2.0f;

           m_flag.East = 0.1f;

           Cloth.EastWind = −3.0f;

           for ( double i=0.0; i<360.0; i += 1.5 )

               float north = (float) (center_z +

                         Math.Cos(i/180.0*Math.PI) * radius);

               float east = (float) (center_x +

                         Math.Sin(i/180.0*Math.PI) * radius );

               BillBoard.Add( east, north, 0.0f, "redpost"+

                         (int) (i*2), "redpost.dds",0.25f, 1.0f);

               j += 5.0;

               if ( j > 360.0 ) j −= 360.0;

           j = 0.0;

           for ( double i=0.5; i<360.0; i += 1.5 )

               float north = (float) (center_z +

                         Math.Cos(i/180.0*Math.PI) * (radius+width) );

               float east = (float) (center_x +

                         Math.Sin(i/180.0*Math.PI) * (radius+width) );

               BillBoard.Add(east, north, 0.0f, "bluepost"+

                         (int)(i*2), "bluepost.dds",0.25f, 1.0f);

               j += 5.0;

               if ( j >= 360.0 ) j −= 360.0;

            m_ownship = new Ownship(this, "car1", "SprintRacer.x",

                         new Vector3(0.0f, 0.8f, 0.0f),

                          new Attitude(0.0f, (float)Math.PI, 0.0f));

            m_ownship.AddChild(m_flag);

            SoundEffect.Volume = 0.25f;

            m_Engine.AddObject( m_ownship );

            m_own ship.North = 298.0f;

            m_ownship.East = 1000.0f;

            m_Engine.Cam.Attach(m_ownship, new Vector3(0.0f, 0.85f,−4.5f));

            m_Engine.Cam.LookAt(m_ownship);

            m_ownship.Heading = (float)Math.PI * 1.5f;

            m_ownship.SetLOD( 10, 3000.0f );

            GameEngine.GameLights headlights =

                         GameEngine.GameLights.AddSpotLight(

                         new Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),

               new Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), Color.White, "headlight");

            headlights.EffectiveRange = 200.0f;

            headlights.Attenuation0 = 1.0f;

            headlights.Attenuation1 = 0.0f;

            headlights.InnerConeAngle = 1.0f;

            headlights.OuterConeAngle = 1.5f;

            headlights.PositionOff set = new Vector3(0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f);

            headlights.DirectionOffset = new Vector3(0.0f, 0.00f, 1.0f);

            m_ownship.AddChild(headlights);

            headlights.Enabled = false;

            CGameEngine.FogColor = Color.Beige;

            CGameEngine.FogDensity = 0.5f;

            CGameEngine.FogEnable = true;

            CGameEngine.FogStart = 100.0f;

            CGameEngine.FogEnd = 900.0f;

            CGameEngine.FogTableMode = FogMode.Linear;

         catch ( Exception e )

            GameEngine.Console.AddLine("Exception");

            GameEngine.Console.AddLine(e.Message);

      public void Gravity ( ref Particle Obj, float DeltaT )

         Obj.m_Position += Obj.m_Velocity * DeltaT;

         Obj.m_Velocity.Y += −9.8f * DeltaT;

         if ( Obj.m_Position.Y < 0.0f ) Obj.m_bActive = false;

      public void OwnshipUpdate( Object3D Obj, float DeltaT )

      public void OpponentUpdate( Object3D Obj, float DeltaT )

         Obj.Height = CGameEngine.Ground.HeightOfTerrain(Obj.Position) +

                    ((Model)Obj).Offset.Y;

第一章 第十一节 查看C#代码

第一章第十一节查看C#代码