理解AtomicBoolean

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前些天有朋友问我,经常在代码中看到Atomic开头的类,不明白是什么意思。

这里我们就从AtomicBoolean开始说吧,自己正好也复习一下。对于官方的说明是:

可以用原子方式更新的 boolean 值。有关原子变量属性的描述,请参阅 java.util.concurrent.atomic
包规范。AtomicBoolean 可用在应用程序中(如以原子方式更新的标志),但不能用于替换 Boolean。

换一句话说,Atomic就是原子性的意思,即能够保证在高并发的情况下只有一个线程能够访问这个属性值。(类似我们之前所说的volatile)

一般情况下,我们使用 AtomicBoolean 高效并发处理 “只初始化一次” 的功能要求:

    private static AtomicBoolean initialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);    public void init()    {       if( initialized.compareAndSet(false, true) )       {           // 这里放置初始化代码....       }    }

如果没有AtomicBoolean,我们可以使用volatile做如下操作:

    public static volatile initialized = false;    public void init()    {        if( initialized == false ){            initialized = true;            // 这里初始化代码....        }    }

既然如此神奇,那么我们看看AtomicBoolean的源码时如何实现的,查看源码如下:

public class AtomicBoolean implements java.io.Serializable {    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4654671469794556979L;    // setup to use Unsafe.compareAndSwapInt for updates    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();    private static final long valueOffset;    static {        try {            valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset                (AtomicBoolean.class.getDeclaredField("value"));        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }    }    private volatile int value;    /**     * Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with the given initial value.     *     * @param initialValue the initial value     */    public AtomicBoolean(boolean initialValue) {        value = initialValue ? 1 : 0;    }    /**     * Creates a new {@code AtomicBoolean} with initial value {@code false}.     */    public AtomicBoolean() {    }    /**     * Returns the current value.     *     * @return the current value     */    public final boolean get() {        return value != 0;    }    /**     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.     *     * @param expect the expected value     * @param update the new value     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that     * the actual value was not equal to the expected value.     */    public final boolean compareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {        int e = expect ? 1 : 0;        int u = update ? 1 : 0;        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);    }    /**     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.     *     * <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail     * spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is     * only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}.     *     * @param expect the expected value     * @param update the new value     * @return {@code true} if successful     */    public boolean weakCompareAndSet(boolean expect, boolean update) {        int e = expect ? 1 : 0;        int u = update ? 1 : 0;        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, valueOffset, e, u);    }    /**     * Unconditionally sets to the given value.     *     * @param newValue the new value     */    public final void set(boolean newValue) {        value = newValue ? 1 : 0;    }    /**     * Eventually sets to the given value.     *     * @param newValue the new value     * @since 1.6     */    public final void lazySet(boolean newValue) {        int v = newValue ? 1 : 0;        unsafe.putOrderedInt(this, valueOffset, v);    }    /**     * Atomically sets to the given value and returns the previous value.     *     * @param newValue the new value     * @return the previous value     */    public final boolean getAndSet(boolean newValue) {        boolean prev;        do {            prev = get();        } while (!compareAndSet(prev, newValue));        return prev;    }    /**     * Returns the String representation of the current value.     * @return the String representation of the current value     */    public String toString() {        return Boolean.toString(get());    }}

你猜的没错,AtomicBoolean就是使用了Volatile属性来完成的。

Java6以后出现的很多的原子行的类,除了上述我们所说的AtomicBoolean以外,AtomicBoolean家族还是比较强大的,后面我们有时间在一一介绍。包括:

  • 基本类
    AtomicInteger、AtomicLong、AtomicBoolean;
  • 引用类型
    AtomicReference、AtomicReference的ABA实例、AtomicStampedRerence、AtomicMarkableReference;
  • 数组类型
    AtomicIntegerArray、AtomicLongArray、AtomicReferenceArray
  • 属性原子修改器(Updater)
    AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater、AtomicLongFieldUpdater、AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater
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