STL---简单整理

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STL


#include <set>

multiset<int>num;             //定义multiset<int>::iterator it;   //迭代器num.insert(b);             //插入num.erase(num.find(b));    //删除(查找)num.erasr(pos);            //pos位数据num.erasr(beg,end);        //区间删除num.count(b);              //计数num.empty();               //判空for(it=num.begin();it!=num.end();it++)    cout<<*it<<endl;    //迭代器用法lower_bound(val); //返回容器中第一个值【大于或等于】val的元素的iterator位置。upper_bound(val); //返回容器中最后一个值【大于或等于】val的元素的iterator位置。



#include <stack>

stack <int> num;num.push(number);num.top();num.pop();num.empty();num.size();


#include <queue>

queue<int> num;priority_queue<int> q1; //优先队列从大到小priority_queue<int, vector<int>, greater<int>> q2;//优先队列从小到大 num.front();    //返回队列头部数据num.back();     //返回队列尾部数据num.push(data);    //尾部入队数据num.pop();      //头部数据出兑num.empty();    //判空num.size();     //队列大小
两种自定义方式:
struct node{    int a;} num[100];struct cmp{    bool operator()(node x, node y)    {        return x.a>y.a;    }};bool operator>(node x, node y){    return x.a>y.a;}priority_queue<node, vector<node>, greater<node> > q;priority_queue<node, vector<node>, cmp> m;


#include <deque>


#include <map>


      begin()          //返回指向map头部的迭代器      clear<span style="font-size:18px;"><strong>()</strong></span>         //删除所有元素      count()          //返回指定元素出现的次数      empty()          //如果map为空则返回true      end()            //返回指向map末尾的迭代器      equal_range()    //返回特殊条目的迭代器对      erase()          //删除一个元素      find()          // 查找一个元素      get_allocator()  //返回map的配置器      insert()         //插入元素      key_comp()       //返回比较元素key的函数      lower_bound()    //返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置      max_size()       //返回可以容纳的最大元素个数      rbegin()         //返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器      rend()           //返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器      size()           //返回map中元素的个数      swap()            //交换两个map      upper_bound()     //返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置      value_comp()      //返回比较元素value的函数


1. map最基本的构造函数;

   map<string , int >mapstring;         map<int ,string >mapint;
   map<sring, char>mapstring;         map< char ,string>mapchar;
   map<char ,int>mapchar;            map<int ,char >mapint;


2. map添加数据;

   map<int ,string> maplive;  
   1.maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,"aclive"));
   2.maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,"hai"));
   3, maplive[112]="April";//map中最简单最常用的插入添加!


3,map中元素的查找:

   find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。        

   map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;; 
   l_it=maplive.find(112);
   if(l_it==maplive.end())
                cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
   else cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;


4,map中元素的删除:
   如果删除112;
   map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
   l_it=maplive.find(112);
   if(l_it==maplive.end())
        cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl;
   else  maplive.erase(l_it);  //delete 112;


5,map中 swap的用法:
  Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;
  For example:

#include <map>#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main( ){    map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;    map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 1, 10 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 2, 20 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 3, 30 ) );    m2.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 10, 100 ) );    m2.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 20, 200 ) );    m3.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 30, 300 ) );    cout << "The original map m1 is:";    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )        cout << " " << m1_Iter->second;    cout   << "." << endl;    // This is the member function version of swap    //m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map    m1.swap( m2 );    cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:";    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )        cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;    cout  << "." << endl;    cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:";    for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ )        cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;    cout  << "." << endl;    // This is the specialized template version of swap    swap( m1, m3 );    cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:";    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )        cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second;    cout   << "." << endl;}



6.map的sort问题:
  Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:
  For example:

#include <map>#include <iostream>using namespace std;int main( ){    map <int, int> m1;    map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 1, 20 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 4, 40 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 3, 60 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 2, 50 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 6, 40 ) );    m1.insert ( pair <int, int>  ( 7, 30 ) );    cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl;    for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ )        cout <<  m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl;}


  The original map m1 is:
  1 20
  2 50
  3 60
  4 40
  6 40
  7 30
  请按任意键继续. . .





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