08-排序5. Sort with Swap(0,*) (25)

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Given any permutation of the numbers {0, 1, 2,..., N-1}, it is easy to sort them in increasing order. But what if Swap(0, *) is the ONLY operation that is allowed to use? For example, to sort {4, 0, 2, 1, 3} we may apply the swap operations in the following way:

Swap(0, 1) => {4, 1, 2, 0, 3}
Swap(0, 3) => {4, 1, 2, 3, 0}
Swap(0, 4) => {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

Now you are asked to find the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation of the first N nonnegative integers.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case, which gives a positive N (<=105) followed by a permutation sequence of {0, 1, ..., N-1}. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each case, simply print in a line the minimum number of swaps need to sort the given permutation.

Sample Input:
10 3 5 7 2 6 4 9 0 8 1
Sample Output:
9

提交代码

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嗯,这个题目刚刚开始思路,算法的问题,知道怎么做之后,代码就不难了。

在云课堂的最后一讲里面有。

一个直接的思路是将0和0所在位置应有的元素交换,如果0到达了0号位置但是序列没有完全变成递增序列,则让0和一个没有归位的元素进行一个废交换,然后再进行后续的交换。

一个独特的思路是,将0应在位置的元素(即A[0])换到它应该在的位置(例如A[0]=3,则把A[0]和A[3]交换),不断这样交换,直到0真正到了0位置,判断一下是否全部归位,不然的话就把0换到第一个没有归位的元素上,其实这一步就是上面的废交换,接下来再重复进行上面的交换,直到序列变为递增序列。要注意的是,每次检索第一个没有归位的元素时,起步的值根据A[0]所交换的位置开始,否则会超时。下面的算法用这个思路实现。

#include <iostream>#include <stdlib.h>using namespace std;/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */int findfirstnot(int * a, int begin, int end){for(int i=begin; i<=end; i++){if(*(a+i) != i){return i;}}return 0;}void myswap(int *a, int *b){int tmp=*a;*a=*b;*b=tmp;}int main(int argc, char** argv) {int N;cin>>N;int *a=(int *)malloc((N+1)*sizeof(int));for(int i=0; i<N; i++){int tmp;cin>>tmp;*(a+i)=tmp;}int cur=findfirstnot(a,1,N-1);int cnt=0;while(cur !=0 ){if(*a == 0){myswap(a, a+cur);cnt++;}while(*a != 0){int curtoswap=*a;myswap(a,a+curtoswap);cnt++;}cur=findfirstnot(a,cur,N-1);}cout<<cnt<<endl;return 0;}





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