C++ MFC 中使用多线程操作实例
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多线程实例(一)
此实例为简单的多线程,实现动态显示时间
1、.h中:
protected:
HICON m_hIcon;
HANDLE hThread;//线程句柄
DWORD threadID;//线程Id
// Generated message map functions
//{{AFX_MSG(CMthread1Dlg)
virtual BOOL OnInitDialog();
afx_msg void OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam);
afx_msg void OnPaint();
afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon();
afx_msg void OnStart();
afx_msg void OnStop();
2、.cpp中:
volatile BOOL m_bRun;//代表线程是否正常运行
void ThreadProc()
{
CTime time;
CString strTime;
m_bRun = TRUE;
while(m_bRun)
{
time = CTime::GetCurrentTime();
strTime = time.Format("%H:%M:%S");
::SetDlgItemText(AfxGetMainWnd()->m_hWnd,IDC_TIME,strTime);
Sleep(1000);
}
}
class CAboutDlg : public CDialog
{
public:
CAboutDlg();
// Dialog Data
//{{AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg)
enum { IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX };
//}}AFX_DATA
// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg)
protected:
virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support
//}}AFX_VIRTUAL
// Implementation
protected:
//{{AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg)
//}}AFX_MSG
DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
};
CAboutDlg::CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg::IDD)
{
//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg)
//}}AFX_DATA_INIT
}
void CAboutDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg)
//}}AFX_DATA_MAP
}
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg)
// No message handlers
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMthread1Dlg dialog
CMthread1Dlg::CMthread1Dlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)
: CDialog(CMthread1Dlg::IDD, pParent)
{
//{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CMthread1Dlg)
// NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here
//}}AFX_DATA_INIT
// Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32
m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
}
void CMthread1Dlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{
CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
//{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CMthread1Dlg)
// NOTE: the ClassWizard will add DDX and DDV calls here
//}}AFX_DATA_MAP
}
BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMthread1Dlg, CDialog)
//{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMthread1Dlg)
ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()
ON_WM_PAINT()
ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()
ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_START, OnStart)
ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_STOP, OnStop)
//}}AFX_MSG_MAP
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMthread1Dlg message handlers
BOOL CMthread1Dlg::OnInitDialog()
{
CDialog::OnInitDialog();
// Add "About..." menu item to system menu.
// IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.
ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX);
ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000);
CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE);
if (pSysMenu != NULL)
{
CString strAboutMenu;
strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX);
if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty())
{
pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);
pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);
}
}
// Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically
// when the application's main window is not a dialog
SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon
SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon
// TODO: Add extra initialization here
return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
}
void CMthread1Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
{
if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX)
{
CAboutDlg dlgAbout;
dlgAbout.DoModal();
}
else
{
CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
}
}
// If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below
// to draw the icon. For MFC applications using the document/view model,
// this is automatically done for you by the framework.
void CMthread1Dlg::OnPaint()
{
if (IsIconic())
{
CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting
SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0);
// Center icon in client rectangle
int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
CRect rect;
GetClientRect(&rect);
int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;
// Draw the icon
dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
}
else
{
CDialog::OnPaint();
}
}
// The system calls this to obtain the cursor to display while the user drags
// the minimized window.
HCURSOR CMthread1Dlg::OnQueryDragIcon()
{
return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon;
}
void CMthread1Dlg::OnStart()
{
// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
hThread = CreateThread(
NULL, // SD
0, // initial stack size
(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadProc, // thread function
NULL, // thread argument
0, // creation option
&threadID // thread identifier
);
GetDlgItem(IDC_START)->EnableWindow(FALSE);
GetDlgItem(IDC_STOP)->EnableWindow(TRUE);
}
void CMthread1Dlg::OnStop()
{
// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
m_bRun = FALSE;
GetDlgItem(IDC_START)->EnableWindow(TRUE);
GetDlgItem(IDC_STOP)->EnableWindow(FALSE);
}
多线程实例(二)
此实例演示采用CreateThread函数在主线程中创建一个线程,并且向创建的线程中传递一个参数。
线程函数:
void ThreadProc(int count)
{
for (int i=0; i < count; i++)
{
Beep(2000,50);
Sleep(200);
}
}
主线程函数:
void CMthread2Dlg::OnStart()
{
// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
UpdateData(TRUE);//从控件中检索数据
int count = m_count;
hThread = CreateThread(NULL,
0,
(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadProc,
(VOID *)count,
0,
&threadID
);
GetDlgItem(IDC_START)->EnableWindow(FALSE);
WaitForSingleObject(hThread,INFINITE); //当线程挂起时,为有信号状态
GetDlgItem(IDC_START)->EnableWindow(TRUE);
}
注:变量m_count和控件IDC_COUNT做了关联。
函数说明:
BOOL UpdateData( BOOL bSaveAndValidate = TRUE );
MFC中的窗口函数,在对话框中,当建立控件和变量之间的关联关系后,修改变量值,希望对话框更新显示,则bSaveAndValidate=FALSE,即调用UpdateData(FALSE);当需要获取对话框中控件输入的值时,则bSaveAndValidate=TRUE,即调用UpdateData(TRUE)。
注意:
主线程中,调用了WaitForSingleObject函数,此函数的作用是监视hHandle的状态,当监视的句柄为有信号状态时,即此对象为空闲状态时,此函数返回,才能执行其后的代码。
在此处,用WaitForSingleObject作用:
由于c++主程序终止,同时它创建的相应的线程也会终止,它不管子线程是否执行完成,因此,上文中如果不调用WaitForSingleObject函数,则子线程ThreadProc可能没有执行完或者没执行。
多线程实例(三)
此实例演示多线程中,主线程向子线程传递一个结构体。
在头文件中,声明线程函数及结构体:
UINT ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParam);
struct threadInfo
{
UINT nMilliSecond;
CProgressCtrl *pctrProcess;
};
子线程定义函数:
threadInfo myInfo;
UINT ThreadProc(LPVOID lpParam)
{
threadInfo *pInfo = (threadInfo *)lpParam;
for (int i=0; i<100; i++)
{
int iTmp = pInfo->nMilliSecond;
pInfo->pctrProcess->SetPos(i);
Sleep(iTmp);
}
return 0;
}
主线程调用子线程函数:
void CMthread3Dlg::OnStart()
{
// TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
UpdateData();//默认为TRUE
myInfo.nMilliSecond = m_nMillSecond;
myInfo.pctrProcess = &m_ctrProcess;
hThread = CreateThread(NULL,
0,
(LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)ThreadProc,
&myInfo,
0,
&threadID
);
/*GetDlgItem(IDC_START)->EnableWindow(FALSE);
WaitForSingleObject(hThread,INFINITE);
GetDlgItem(IDC_START)->EnableWindow(TRUE);*/
}
注意注释的部分,如果调用WaitForSingleObject函数,此程序会出现死锁。因为对话框中有个进度条,子线程中设置进度条的进度,但是进度条的刷新需要主线程来完成,当主线程调用WaitForSingleObject函数挂起后,子线程设置正在设置进度条,一直等待主线程将刷新消息出来完毕返回才检测通知事件。这样两个线程一直处于相互等待,出现死锁。
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