Cassandra在Windows上安装及使用方法[转]



一、安装

1、安装cassandra

    1.1 下载安装程序

在http://cassandra.apache.org/下载Cassandra的安装程序;

    1.2 安装配置

1)解压下载后的程序apache-cassandra-0.7.3-bin.tar.gz到某个目录，如d:\cassandra；

2)修改conf目录下配置文件

    A)使用记事本打开cassandra.yaml文件，修改如下参数：

    data_file_directories:

     - /var/lib/cassandra/data

    为 - d:\cassandra\data 

    注意：-后面需要有空格

    commitlog_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/commitlog

    为：commitlog_directory: d:\cassandra\commitlog

    saved_caches_directory: /var/lib/cassandra/saved_caches

    为：saved_caches_directory: d:\cassandra\saved_caches

  B)使用记事本打开log4j-server.properties文件，修改如下参数：

    log4j.appender.R.File=/var/log/cassandra/system.log

    为：log4j.appender.R.File=D:\Cassandra\logs

2、安装JRE

  

    2.1 下载安装程序

在http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html上下载jre的安装程序；

jre和jdk区别：jre只是java环境，jdk包含了开发工具和jre；

    2.2 直接双击执行jre-6u25-windows-i586.exe进行安装，默认安装在C:\Program Files\Java\jre6目录即可；

3、配置环境变量

    3.1 打开windows的环境变量配置窗口

 

鼠标右键点击我的电脑，选择属性，在弹出界面点击【高级】页签，再点击【环境变量】按钮；

    3.2 配置JAVA_HOME环境变量

在“系统变量”添加JAVA_HOME，点击【系统变量】下方的【新建】按钮，输入

          变量名:JAVA_HOME

    变量值:C:\Program Files\Java\jre6

    3.3 配置Cassandra_HOME环境变量

在“系统变量”添加Cassandra_HOME，点击【系统变量】下方的【新建】按钮，输入

          变量名:Cassandra_HOME

    变量值:D:\Cassandra\apache-cassandra-0.7.3

4、启动Cassandra

  开始运行中敲入cmd回车打开命令窗口，敲入cd D:\Cassandra\apache-cassandra-0.7.3\bin回车，敲入d:回车，转到D:\Cassandra\apache-cassandra-0.7.3\bin目录后，直接敲入cassandra就可以启动cassandra服务了，如下：

D:\Cassandra\apache-cassandra-0.7.3\bin>cassandra

Starting Cassandra Server

 INFO 09:33:34,375 Logging initialized

 INFO 09:33:34,390 Heap size: 1070399488/1070399488

 INFO 09:33:34,390 JNA not found. Native methods will be disabled.

 INFO 09:33:34,406 Loading settings from file:/D:/Cassandra/apache-cassandra-0.7.3/conf/cassandra.yaml

 INFO 09:33:34,562 DiskAccessMode 'auto' determined to be standard, indexAccessMode is standard

 INFO 09:33:34,765 Creating new commitlog segment d:\cassandra\commitlog\CommitLog-1306200814765.log

 INFO 09:33:34,781 Couldn't detect any schema definitions in local storage.

 INFO 09:33:34,781 Found table data in data directories. Consider using JMX to call org.apache.cassandra.service.StorageService.loadSchemaFromYaml().

 INFO 09:33:34,796 No commitlog files found; skipping replay

 INFO 09:33:34,828 Upgrading to 0.7. Purging hints if there are any. Old hints will be snapshotted.

 INFO 09:33:34,828 Cassandra version: 0.7.3

 INFO 09:33:34,828 Thrift API version: 19.4.0

 INFO 09:33:34,843 Loading persisted ring state

 INFO 09:33:34,843 Starting up server gossip

 INFO 09:33:34,843 switching in a fresh Memtable for LocationInfo at CommitLogContext(file='d:\cassandra\commitlog\CommitLog-1306200814765.log', position=700) 

 INFO 09:33:34,859 Enqueuing flush of Memtable-LocationInfo@31556811(227 bytes,4 operations)

 INFO 09:33:34,859 Writing Memtable-LocationInfo@31556811(227 bytes, 4 operations)

 INFO 09:33:35,656 Completed flushing d:\cassandra\data\system\LocationInfo-f-1-Data.db (335 bytes)

 WARN 09:33:35,718 Generated random token 152144483071909207899303400696660552068. Random tokens will result in an unbalanced ring; see http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/Operations

 INFO 09:33:35,718 switching in a fresh Memtable for LocationInfo at CommitLogContext(file='d:\cassandra\commitlog\CommitLog-1306200814765.log', position=996)

 INFO 09:33:35,718 Enqueuing flush of Memtable-LocationInfo@22975191(53 bytes, 2operations)

 INFO 09:33:35,734 Writing Memtable-LocationInfo@22975191(53 bytes, 2 operations)

 INFO 09:33:35,828 Completed flushing d:\cassandra\data\system\LocationInfo-f-2-Data.db (163 bytes)

 INFO 09:33:35,843 Will not load MX4J, mx4j-tools.jar is not in the classpath

 INFO 09:33:35,890 Binding thrift service to localhost/127.0.0.1:9160

 INFO 09:33:35,890 Using TFastFramedTransport with a max frame size of 15728640bytes.

 INFO 09:33:35,890 Listening for thrift clients...

二、使用

1、连接Cassandra服务

    开始运行中敲入cmd回车进入命令窗口，敲入cd D:\Cassandra\apache-cassandra-0.7.3\bin后，在敲入d:回车转到bin目录中

    敲入cassandra-cli命令回车，直接敲入如下命令可以连接到本机已经启动的cassandra数据库

--cassandra默认为9160端口，注意后面需要有;结束

connect localhost/9160;

2、创建keyspace

create keyspace keyspace1;

use keyspace1;

3、创建column family

create column family Standard1 with column_type = 'Standard' and comparator = 'BytesType';

describe keyspace keyspace1;

list standard1;

drop column family standard1;

--必须指定column_type和comparator

create column family cf1 with column_type = 'Standard' and comparator = 'BytesType';

create column family cf2 with column_type = 'Standard' and comparator = 'UTF8Type' and rows_cached = 10000;

create column family Super1 with column_type=Super and comparator=BytesType;

--设置列值

set cf1['key_1']['column_1']='value_1';

set cf1['key_1']['column_2']='value_2';

set cf1['key_2']['column_1']='value_3';

set cf1['key_2']['column_2']='value_4';

--设置列值

set cf2['key_1']['column_1']='value_1';

set cf2['key_1']['column_2']='value_2';

set cf2['key_2']['column_1']='value_3';

set cf2['key_2']['column_2']='value_4';

set super1['key_1']['column_1']='value_1';

get cf2['key_2']['column_2'];  --提示错误Column family Super1 may only contain SuperColumns

--取列值

get cf1['key_1'];

--计数

count  cf1['key_1'];

count  cf1['key_2'];

--取列值

get cf1['key_1']['column_1'];

--删除列值

del cf1['key_1']['column_1'];

list cf2[key_1:];

---二级索引的使用

1、定义：在Cassandra中，对列值(column values)的索引叫做"二级索引"，它与列簇(column families)中对key的

索引不同。二级索引允许我们对列值进行查询，并且在读取和写入的时候不会引起操作阻塞。

2、使用方法：

create keyspace demo;

use demo;

--注意大小写,索引birth_date

create column family users with comparator=UTF8Type and column_metadata=

[{column_name:full_name,validation_class:UTF8Type},

{column_name:birth_date,validation_class:LongType,index_type:KEYS}];

--插入数据：

set users[a][full_name]='a';

set users[a][birth_date]=1977;

set users[b][full_name]='b';

set users[b][birth_date]=1978;

set users[c][full_name]='c';

set users[c][birth_date]=1979;

set users[d][full_name]='d';

set users[d][birth_date]=1977;

--查询birth_date=1977的数据：

get users where birth_date=1977;

--查询结果如下：

[default@demo] get users where birth_date=1977;

-------------------

RowKey: a

=> (column=birth_date, value=1977, timestamp=1306733443578000)

=> (column=full_name, value=a, timestamp=1306733438406000)

-------------------

RowKey: d

=> (column=birth_date, value=1977, timestamp=1306733577125000)

=> (column=full_name, value=d, timestamp=1306733572687000)

2 Rows Returned.

--多个二级索引使用

set users[a][card_no]='111';

--更新列簇users设置card_no和birth_date都索引

update column family users with comparator=UTF8Type and column_metadata=

[{column_name:full_name,validation_class:UTF8Type},

{column_name:birth_date,validation_class:LongType,index_type:KEYS},

{column_name:card_no,validation_class:UTF8Type,index_type:KEYS}];

--查询证件号码为111的列

get users where card_no='111';

get users where card_no='111' and birth_date=1977;

--虽然full_name没有索引，但是也能够查出结果

get users where card_no='111' and birth_date=1977 and full_name='a';

get users where card_no='111' and full_name='a';

get users where birth_date=1977 and full_name='a';

--如果仅仅通过full_name查询则出错

get users where full_name='a';

--结果如下：

[defualt@demo] get users where full_name='a';

No indexed columns present in index clause with operator EQ

--退出

quit;