Mongodb备份恢复(mongodump,mongorestore方式）

一：备份

1.1 备份所有数据库

[root@ser6-52 mongodbbackup.bak]# mongodump -u superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin -o /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bakconnected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-02T16:51:08.291+0800 all dbs2015-07-02T16:51:08.291+0800 DATABASE: admin to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin2015-07-02T16:51:08.292+0800 admin.system.indexes to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.indexes.bson2015-07-02T16:51:08.292+0800   3 documents2015-07-02T16:51:08.292+0800 admin.system.version to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.version.bson2015-07-02T16:51:08.293+0800   1 documents2015-07-02T16:51:08.293+0800 Metadata for admin.system.version to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.version.metadata.json2015-07-02T16:51:08.293+0800 admin.system.users to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.users.bson2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800   2 documents2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 Metadata for admin.system.users to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.users.metadata.json2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest2015-07-02T16:51:08.294+0800 myTest.system.indexes to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/system.indexes.bson2015-07-02T16:51:08.295+0800   2 documents2015-07-02T16:51:08.295+0800 myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/c.bson2015-07-02T16:51:08.298+0800   2000 documents2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 Metadata for myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/c.metadata.json2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800   11 documents2015-07-02T16:51:08.299+0800 Metadata for myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/d.metadata.json 

 

1.2 备份单个数据库

[root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongodump -d myTest -u superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bakconnected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-02T16:53:35.183+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest2015-07-02T16:53:35.184+0800 myTest.system.indexes to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/system.indexes.bson2015-07-02T16:53:35.185+0800   2 documents2015-07-02T16:53:35.185+0800 myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/c.bson2015-07-02T16:53:35.189+0800   2000 documents2015-07-02T16:53:35.189+0800 Metadata for myTest.c to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/c.metadata.json2015-07-02T16:53:35.189+0800 myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-02T16:53:35.194+0800   11 documents2015-07-02T16:53:35.194+0800 Metadata for myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/d.metadata.json 

1.3 备份某个表

[root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongodump -u  superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c d -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bakconnected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-02T17:01:47.554+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest2015-07-02T17:01:47.555+0800 myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-02T17:01:47.558+0800   11 documents2015-07-02T17:01:47.558+0800 Metadata for myTest.d to /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.metadata.json 

二：恢复

2.1 恢复单个表

> db.d.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }> db.d.find().count();11 > db.d.drop();true [root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongorestore -u  superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c d /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson connected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-02T17:23:20.593+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-02T17:23:20.593+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]11 objects found2015-07-02T17:23:20.594+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }  > db.d.find().count();11  

 

2.2 恢复单个数据库

[root@ser6-52 myTest]# mongorestore -u  superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin   /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bakconnected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-02T17:41:00.378+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-02T17:41:00.378+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]Restoring to myTest.d without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log11 objects found2015-07-02T17:41:00.378+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }2015-07-02T17:41:00.383+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_bak_201507021653.bak/myTest/c.bson2015-07-02T17:41:00.383+0800 going into namespace [myTest.c]Restoring to myTest.c without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log2000 objects found2015-07-02T17:41:00.390+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.c" }

--这里恢复数据库的时候没有指定-d 数据库名称，否则报错（我看网上有的指定了）。我的mongodb版本是2.6.9，也许是个bug吧。

 

2.3 恢复所有数据库

[root@ser6-52 ~]# mongorestore -u  superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin   /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/connected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-03T09:30:20.275+0800 going into namespace [admin.system.version]Restoring to admin.system.version without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log1 objects found2015-07-03T09:30:20.276+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "admin.system.version" }2015-07-03T09:30:20.277+0800 /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/admin/system.users.bson2015-07-03T09:30:20.277+0800 going into namespace [admin.system.users]Restoring to admin.system.users without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log2 objects found2015-07-03T09:30:20.282+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "admin.system.users" }2015-07-03T09:30:20.282+0800 Creating index: { unique: true, key: { user: 1, db: 1 }, name: "user_1_db_1", ns: "admin.system.users" }2015-07-03T09:30:20.285+0800 /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-03T09:30:20.285+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]11 objects found2015-07-03T09:30:20.286+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" }2015-07-03T09:30:20.288+0800 /backup/mongodb/full_bak_201507021651.bak/myTest/c.bson2015-07-03T09:30:20.288+0800 going into namespace [myTest.c]Restoring to myTest.c without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log2000 objects found2015-07-03T09:30:20.295+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.c" }

 

三：mysql与mongodb简单对比

3.1 对比描述

Mongodb:

①：备份后,新增的数据在恢复时不会被删除。

②：如果存在同样的数据，恢复的时候会被覆盖掉，不会重复插入。

③：如果备份后某条数据被update了，恢复的时候备份后倘若某条记录被更新了，无法恢复到备份点的状态。

Mysql:

mysqldump是先删表，再建表，插入数据的，只能恢复到备份时刻的状态。

 

3.2 示例

3.2.1 mongodb

--备份记录请参考1.3

 

D表备份的数据有：

> db.d.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 } #在备份完成后插入一条数据：d表插入999999后的数据是：> db.d.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5595ffbcdeae2abeba569b24"), "d" : 999999 } #现在不删表进行恢复： [root@ser6-52 ~]# mongorestore -u  superuser -p 123456  --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c d /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson connected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-03T11:41:49.188+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_d_bak_201507021701.bak/myTest/d.bson2015-07-03T11:41:49.188+0800 going into namespace [myTest.d]Restoring to myTest.d without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log11 objects found2015-07-03T11:41:49.189+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.d" } > db.d.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20c"), "d" : 0 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20d"), "d" : 1 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20e"), "d" : 2 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c20f"), "d" : 3 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c210"), "d" : 4 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c212"), "d" : 6 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c213"), "d" : 7 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c214"), "d" : 8 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f048a9a970e631c4c215"), "d" : 9 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f0bea9a970e631c4c216"), "d" : 99 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5594f119a9a970e631c4c217"), "d" : 199 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5595ffbcdeae2abeba569b24"), "d" : 999999 }> db.d.find().count();12

 

恢复后999999依然存在，说明备份后新增的数据在恢复时不会被删除。

d为0~199的这几个记录仍然是只有一条，说明如果存在同样的数据，恢复的时候会被覆盖掉，不会重复插入。

 

如果备份后某条数据被update了，恢复的时候，数据是怎样的呢？

 

#准备测试数据

use myTest;> db.e.save({"id":"1","name":"dan","age":25});WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })> db.e.save({"id":"2","name":"jiao","age":25});WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })> db.e.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("559627a7deae2abeba569b26"), "id" : "1", "name" : "dan", "age" : 25 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("559627b4deae2abeba569b27"), "id" : "2", "name" : "jiao", "age" : 25 }

 

#备份

[root@ser6-52 ~]# mongodump -u superuser -p -d myTest -c e -o /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak --authenticationDatabase adminEnter password: connected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-03T14:13:54.877+0800 DATABASE: myTest to /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest2015-07-03T14:13:54.878+0800 myTest.e to /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.bson2015-07-03T14:13:54.879+0800   2 documents2015-07-03T14:13:54.879+0800 Metadata for myTest.e to /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.metadata.json

 

#更新其中一条数据：

--将id为2的记录,name由jiao更新为jiaojiao

> db.e.update({"id":"2"},{$set:{"name":"jiaojiao"}},true,false);WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })> db.e.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("559627a7deae2abeba569b26"), "id" : "1", "name" : "dan", "age" : 25 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("559627b4deae2abeba569b27"), "id" : "2", "name" : "jiaojiao", "age" : 25 }

 

#恢复

[root@ser6-52 ~]# mongorestore -u superuser -p --authenticationDatabase admin -d myTest -c e  /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.bson Enter password: connected to: 127.0.0.12015-07-03T14:19:57.511+0800 /backup/mongodb/myTest_e_bak.bak/myTest/e.bson2015-07-03T14:19:57.511+0800 going into namespace [myTest.e]Restoring to myTest.e without dropping. Restored data will be inserted without raising errors; check your server log2 objects found2015-07-03T14:19:57.512+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "myTest.e" }> db.e.find();{ "_id" : ObjectId("559627a7deae2abeba569b26"), "id" : "1", "name" : "dan", "age" : 25 }{ "_id" : ObjectId("559627b4deae2abeba569b27"), "id" : "2", "name" : "jiaojiao", "age" : 25 }

 

恢复后结果仍然是jiaojiao,不是jiao,说明备份后倘若某条记录被更新了，无法恢复到备份点的状态了。

这和mysqldump不同。mysql会恢复到备份点的状态。

3.2.2 mysql

#准备测试数据

mysql> use dba;Reading table information for completion of table and column namesYou can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A mysql> create table t1(id int);Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.62 sec) mysql> insert into t1(id) values(1);Query OK, 1 row affected (1.88 sec) mysql> insert into t1(id) values(2);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec) mysql> commit    -> ;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

#备份

[root@ser6-51 mysql]# mysqldump -u root -p  dba  t1 > /backup/mysql/dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bakEnter password:  [root@ser6-51 ~]# cd /backup/mysql[root@ser6-51 mysql]# ls -ltrtotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1254 Jul  3 13:37 dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak 

该备份脚本内容：

[root@ser6-51 mysql]# cat dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak 

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.6.20, for Linux (x86_64)---- Host: localhost    Database: dba-- -------------------------------------------------------- Server version5.6.20-r5436-log /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */; ---- Table structure for table `t1`-- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;CREATE TABLE `t1` (  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; ---- Dumping data for table `t1`-- LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1),(2);/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;UNLOCK TABLES;/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */; /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; -- Dump completed on 2015-07-03 13:49:24 

 

#插入一条数据

mysql> insert into t1(id) values(3);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.60 sec)

 

mysql> commit;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

#恢复

[root@ser6-51 mysql]# mysql -u root -p  dba < /backup/mysql/dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak 

Enter password: 

 

mysql> select * from t1;

+------+

| id   |

+------+

|    1 |

|    2 |

+------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

新插入的id为3的记录没有了。

 

此时，我删除其中一条数据：

mysql> delete from t1 where id = 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.33 sec)

 

mysql> commit;

 

恢复：

[root@ser6-51 mysql]# mysql -u root -p  dba < /backup/mysql/dba_t1_bak_201507031338.bak 

Enter password: 

 

 

mysql> select * from t1;

+------+

| id   |

+------+

|    1 |

|    2 |

+------+

2 rows in set (0.04 sec)

 

因为Mysql就是先删表，再插入的，只能恢复到备份时刻那个点的状态。

#我用的是mongodb版本是2.6.9 

 #初学，自己研究的，可能有漏洞，仅供参考，欢迎指正。