Oracle 11.2.0.1.0 静默安装

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# 后跟命令表示以操作系统下root用户操作; 

$ 后跟命令表示以操作系统下oracle用户操作; 

1.01 上传软件 root


1.02 Package安装检查 root


rpm -q binutils \compat-libstdc++-33 \elfutils-libelf \elfutils-libelf-devel \expat \gcc \gcc-c++ \glibc \glibc-common \glibc-devel \glibc-headers \libaio \libaio-devel \libgcc \libstdc++ \libstdc++-devel \make \pdksh \sysstat \unixODBC \unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed";

如果有缺失的包,手动安装;

除 pdksh 外,都可一通过yum安装;

手动安装pdksh包

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

1.03 增加数据库组和用户root

# id oracle (确认oracle用户是否存在)# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall (建立产品清单管理组)# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba (建立数据库安装组)# /usr/sbin/groupadd asmadmin (建立ASM管理组)# /usr/sbin/groupadd asmdba (建立Grid管理组)# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle (oinstall为主要组,确保/home/oracle原不存在)# id oracle (记住oracle用户的uid和gid)uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmdba)# passwd oracle


1.04 调整OS内核参数  root

编辑内核参数配置文件 vi /etc/sysctl.conf,在该文件下修改或添加如下行:
fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio_max_nr=1048576kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
再执行以下命令使以上配置立即生效:  sysctl -p;


1.05  修改系统资源限制 root


编辑系统资源限制配置文件 vi /etc/security/limits.conf,在该文件下添加如下行:oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 10240


1.06 建立必需目录 root

# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/ (Oracle基础目录, 一般为/mount_point/app/oracle_owner)# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01# chmod -R 775 /u01


1.07 设置oracle用户环境变量 oracle


如果服务器有多网卡, 注意设置ORACLE_HOSTNAME为某网卡IP对应的主机名, 参照/etc/hosts文件.

# su - oracle$ vi ~/.bash_profileexport ORACLE_HOSTNAME=masterexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=ORCLexport PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATHexport LC_ALL="en_US"export LANG="en_US"export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"



1.08 解压Oracle安装文件 oracle


$ cd /home/oracle/11g$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /home/oracle/11g/  (解压到 /home/oracle/11g/目录下,可选目录)$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /home/oracle/11g/$ cd /home/oracle/11g/database$ export DISTRIB=`pwd`


在解压后oracle软件的response目录里有各种响应文件的模版.


1.09 生成响应文件模板 oracle


$ vi $DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不要更改oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYDECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#以下参数根据实际情况更改,一般也无需更改UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall[oracle 不建议把 Inventory 目录放到oracle的base目录下,我在安装的过程中出现此问题]INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TWORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=trueoracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#--------------------------------------------------------------------


 各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示-force 允许安装到一个非空目录-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改oracle.install.option 安装选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改ORACLE_HOSTNAME 安装主机名UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle用户用于安装软件的组名INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle产品清单目录SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文ORACLE_HOME Oracle安装目录ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上了oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上Label Security和Database Vaultoracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSDBA权限的组名oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSOPER权限的组名




1.10 开始安装oracle软件 oracle


1) 通过response文件静默安装, 大概2-3分钟:


$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp控制台直到出现以下提示则表示安装完成:#-------------------------------------------------------------------.../u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:         1. Open a terminal window          2. Log in as "root"          3. Run the scripts          4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue  Successfully Setup Software.#-------------------------------------------------------------------



2) 安装期间查看安装日志信息了解安装进度:

$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs$ tail -100f installActions*.log


1.11 运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh文件 root


若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限:

$ su -# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# more /etc/oraInst.loc


执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:

# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh# more /etc/oratab



1.12 静默配置监听 oracle


通过response文件运行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:# su - oracle$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile $DISTRIB/response/netca.rsp$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora$ lsnrctl status执行完后, 监听就已经启动了, 默认端口是1521, 默认是动态监听, 只要实例启动了就会监听到. 


1.13  静默建库 oracle


1) 生成响应文件模板:

$ vi $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不要更改[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"#以下参数必须设置[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "ORCL.LK"TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"TOTALMEMORY = "1024"#--------------------------------------------------------------------

2) dbca静默建库, 大概3-4分钟:

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_create.rspEnter SYS user password: <输入sys用户密码> Enter SYSTEM user password: <输入system用户密码> Copying database files...37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance...62% completeCompleting Database Creation...100% completeLook at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details. 各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式安装-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改GDBNAME 全局数据库名,点号前面默认是db_name,点号后面默认就是db_domainTEMPLATENAME 建库模板名,参考各模板定义:$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/*.dbcCHARACTERSET 字符集,默认是WE8MSWIN1252TOTALMEMORY 实例内存,默认是服务器物理内存的40%



3) 安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:

$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log


4) 建库后实例检查

$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l21$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v greporacle    1855     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCLoracle    1857     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCLoracle    1861     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCLoracle    1863     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCLoracle    1865     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCLoracle    1867     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCLoracle    1869     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCLoracle    1871     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCLoracle    1873     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCLoracle    1875     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCLoracle    1877     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCLoracle    1879     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCLoracle    1881     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCLoracle    1883     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCLoracle    1885     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCLoracle    1887     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCLoracle    1889     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCLoracle    1969     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCLoracle    1985     1  0 10:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCLoracle    2003     1  0 10:08 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_ORCLoracle    2005     1  0 10:08 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_ORCL


5) 建库后监听检查


[oracle@master admin]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 07-JUL-2015 10:29:55Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                07-JUL-2015 09:32:12Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 57 min. 42 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/master/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=master)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully


总结: 安装过程中,由于hostname设置错误,地址监听和静默建库都出错了,修改正确后重新建库成功。

启动监听  lsnrctl start 报 ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

修改 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin 下的  listener.ora 和  tnsname.ora 的 host



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