MySql 编码设置

MySQL 4.1的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面：字符集(Characterset)和排序方式(Collation)。对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次:服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。

查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令或mysql> status 。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLESLIKE 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLESLIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

上面列出的值就是系统的默认值。(很奇怪系统怎么默认是latin1的瑞典语排序方式)...

当我们按照原来的方式通过PHP存取MySQL数据库时，就算设置了表的默认字符集为utf8并且通过UTF-8编码发送查询，你会发现存入数据库的仍然是乱码。问题就出在这个connection连接层上。解决方法是在发送查询前执行一下下面这句：

1.  SET NAMES'utf8';

它相当于下面的三句指令：
SET character_set_client =utf8;
SET character_set_results =utf8;
SET character_set_connection =utf8;

2. 创建数据库
mysql> create databasename character set utf8;

3. 创建表
CREATE TABLE `type` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
`flag_deleted` enum('Y','N') character set utf8 NOT NULL default'N',
`flag_type` int(5) NOT NULL default '0',
`type_name` varchar(50) character set utf8 NOT NULL default'',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
)  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

4.修改数据库成utf8的.
mysql> alter databasename character set utf8;

5. 修改表默认用utf8.
mysql> alter table type characterset utf8;

6. 修改字段用utf8
mysql> alter table type modifytype_name varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8;

参考：http://xyfxh.spaces.live.com/Blog/cns!4EFEB1E6EFF8C824!151.entry