英语学习--chap11 主谓一致

主谓一致这种东西可是折腾我好多年了，接下来就仔细研究此问题。

一：主语是一个人还是两个人（物）

1. 由and连接的情况

  Your brother John has come to see you.

  Your brother and John have come to see you. 确定主语是几个人。

  The senator and delegate wants to make an announcement.

  The senator and the delegate want to make an announcement. 根据名词短语的性质来判断主语人数。

**Every man and every woman has to do something for the country. 注意主语的意思是every one。

  All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. and连接的两个部分是一体两面，其实是一件事情。

  Bread and butter is not very tasty but very filling. bread and butter是一种食物，黄油面包。

  Bread and butter have both risen price. 两种物资。

  Oil and water do not mix.

二. 主语是哪一个

这时主语中常有or，but，以及as，than等的连接。

1. as和than的比较的情况：

  You want to borrow money ? But I, as well as you, am broke. 后面的句子简单来说就是 I am broke.

2. but连接的情况，两部分通常是一个是肯定一个是否定，谓语动词根据肯定的部分来确定：

  Everyone but a few complete idiots was able to see that. 仅参考but之前的肯定部分。

  The eggs, not the hen, were stolen.

  Not only you but also I was a fault. 主语是I，not否定了you。

3. or连接的主语采取就近原则：

  Either my father alone or both my parents are coming.

  Does he or his friends want to go ?

4. 主语中有every，each，either，neither等表示{一}的字，跟在后面的名词用单数，动词单数：

  Everybody is to report here tomorrow.

  Every student has several chapters to report on.

  Each of you is responsible for half of the job.

三：主语是关系代词时

关系代词做先行词，动词根据代词的指代确定单复数。

  I don't trust people who talk to much.

  He has three options, which look equally attractive.

  He has three options, which looks a good thing.

四：以单位做主语时

度量衡、时间、金钱等单位常以复数出现，但理解的时候还是一个整体。

  He makes eighty thousand dollars a year, which is a lot of money. 八千美元是一个整体。

Ten seconds is quite a record for the 100-meter dash.

五：主语后面有介词短语时

1. 一般来说介词短语并不会影响主语的单复数

  Mrs.Lindesy, together with her sons, is on a European tour.

  The use of computers in business is now almost inevitable. (主语是use)

  There is a list of things to buy in the handbag. (主语是list)

2. 主语为空时，即通过主语看不出来单复数的情况。

  All of these are Lishan pears.

  All of the money has been spent.

  All but one of the pears are ripe.

  A lot of the pears are damaged.

  A lot of time has been wasted.

  Half of the pears still look good.

  Half of thie pear is rotten.

3. the number就是that number是一个数字，a number是某个数目，用复数

  The number of people in the demonstration is five thousand.

  A number of people have brought eggs to throw.

4. a pair 做主语就是one pair，主语是单数

  A pair of pants is hanging on the wall.

六：集合名词

集合名词常见有：staff，faculty，family，police，committee，crew等，表示整体用单数，其他的用复数。

  The committee is five years old.

  The committee are mostly Republican politicians.

七：其他情况

名词以s结尾的不见得是复数，有些反而只能用单数，如学科、疾病之类的：

  Mathematics is my forte.

  Mumps primarily attacks children.