使用Samba实现Linux与Windows文件共享实践

前言

一直以来都以为FTP和NFS是局域网文件共享的常用方式，但是在最近接触Samba之后，了解到一些用户需要简化访问学习成本，满足基础的权限控制管理，并支持实时编辑和保存文件，我才明白这些需求使用之前的方法都是很难满足的，而Samba却可以完美的支持上述需求，虽然在开始接触时花了一些时间学习，但把配置和语法梳理清楚之后就很简单了。

Unix与Windows文件共享的最佳方式之一

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更新历史

2015年07月11日 - 初稿

阅读原文 - http://wsgzao.github.io/post/samba/

扩展阅读

Samba - https://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/
SAMBA服务器 - http://vbird.dic.ksu.edu.tw/linux_server/0370samba.php
RHEL6.5下部署samba企业级文件服务器实战 - http://yuan2.blog.51cto.com/446689/1588085

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安装samba

各个平台的安装都蛮简单的，略过

配置samba

建议合理规划目录和用户权限，可以利用用户组来简化授权管理，参见扩展阅读

#创建目录（举例）mkdir -p /data2/smchmod -R 777 /data2/sm#添加用户（举例）groupadd denglinguseradd -g dengling -s /sbin/nologin denglingsmbpasswd -a dengling#备份smb配置文件并编辑cd /etc/sambacp smb.conf smb.conf.bakvi smb.conf#全局参数[global]    security = share    lanman auth = Yes    log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m    idmap config * : backend = tdb    guest ok = Yes    hosts allow = 127., 172., 192.168.1., 192.168.3.    cups options = raw#共享参数[homes]    comment = Home Directories    read only = No    browseable = No[sheji]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/sheji    valid users = share, shenwei, xuwei, shenjiamei, humengchu, rensiqiang, yeting, tongying, jinbo, zengfanan, fengpeisi    read only = No    create mask = 0775    directory mask = 0775[test]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/test    valid users = test, test2, shenwei    read only = No    create mask = 0775    directory mask = 0775[q2]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/q2    valid users = xuejia, sungaoshuai, lujingjing, huangsonghe, yefei, lvwenhan, fangyuan, zhanghuichen, liuguofa, xupeiyu, yangpengfei, lisuitao, sunzhen, shenwei, xuwei, shenjiamei, humengchu, rensiqiang, yeting, tongying, jinbo, zengfanan, fengpeisi, chenye, wuailing, pengnan, liangzhixue, chenhong, daimengyou, wangxiaoshuo, zhoujian, fenglu, linlijun, chenshuxian, linzhimin, yanyoushan, xiaguoying, zhanghuanrong, mayushu, xuyangjing, guogaoyan, huangyouyang, jinzhibin, huyuqing, shenxuemei, liukui    read only = No    create mask = 0775    directory mask = 0775[market]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/market    valid users = zhanghuichen, shenwei, chenye, wuailing, pengnan, liangzhixue, chenhong, daimengyou, wangxiaoshuo, xuyangjing, chenshuxian, linzhimin, caoling, guogaoyan, xiehaibo, huangyouyang, jinzhibin, huyuqing    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[market_finance]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/market_finance    valid users = yangqiong, shenwei, chenye, wuailing, pengnan, liangzhixue, chenhong, daimengyou, wangxiaoshuo, xiehaibo, gaofangjie, xuyangjing, chenshuxian, linzhimin, huangyouyang, jinzhibin, huyuqing    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[shenwei]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/develop/shenwei    valid users = shenwei    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[qijun]    comment = qj    path = /data2/sm/homedir/qijun    valid users = qijun    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775    guest ok = No[wenyong]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/develop/wenyong    valid users = wenyong    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[wudi]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/develop/wudi    valid users = wudi    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[caijiannan]    comment = sheji    path = /data2/sm/develop/caijiannan    valid users = caijiannan    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[weiduani2]    comment = weiduan    path = /data2/sm/develop/raochao/微端    valid users = wangfeng    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0775[raochao]    comment = raochao    path = /data2/sm/develop/raochao    read list = wangfeng, xuwei, shenjiamei, chenxianzhe, chenye, wuailing, liuyuting, dainan    write list = raochao[product]    comment = product    path = /data2/sm/product    read only = No    create mask = 0777    directory mask = 0777[jinbo]    comment = JinBo    path = /data2/sm/homedir/jinbo    valid users = jinbo    read only = No    guest ok = No[xiaoqiang]    comment = xiaoqiang    path = /data2/sm/homedir/xiaoqiang    valid users = xiaoqiang    read only = No    guest ok = No[share]    comment = share    path = /data2/sm/homedir/share    valid users = share, market, wal, qijun, zhanghua    read only = No

启动samba

#常用选项[shared_name]    path =                              # 文件系统路径    browseable = {yes|no}               # 是否可以被查看到    public = {yes|no}                   # 是否可被所有人读    guest ok = {yes|no}                 # 与 public 相同    read only = yes                     # 是否只读    writeable = yes                     # 是否可写    write list = user1, user2           # 可写用户列表                @group, +group          # 可写组列表    valid users =                       # 白名单    invalid users =                     # 黑名单#检查语法testparm#重启smb服务查看状态service smb restartsmbstatus

Windows客户端访问

1.Windows上访问samba

在“计算机”中输入：\\xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\

2.Windows断开samba共享连接，实在不行可以选择注销或者重启

在【开始】→【运行】→【CMD】回车中输入：net use * /del /y

3.将samba共享的Linux目录映射成Windows的一个驱动器盘符

在【右键计算机】→【映射网络驱动器】→【文件夹\XX.XX.XX.XX\】