常用的字符处理函数实现:strstr strcpy strcat memcpy memmove

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1、strstr

strstr函数有两个版本:
const char * strstr ( const char * str1, const char * str2 );      char * strstr (       char * str1, const char * str2 );

(1) 朴素的实现方式

遍历两个字符串,在str1中逐个匹配str2,时间复杂度O(nm).

(2) KMP算法

strstr的两种实现参考文章:KMP(Knuth-Morris-Pratt)算法


2、strlen

以下两种实现类似,后一种没有借助局部length变量。
size_t strlen1(const char *str) {assert(str != NULL);unsigned int length = 0;while ((*str++) != '\0')++length;return length;}size_t strlen2(const char *str) {assert(str != NULL);const char *end = str;while (*end++) ;return ((int)(end - str - 1));}

3、strcat  strncat

注意几点
a. 给源字符加上const属性;
b. 给源地址和目的地址加非零断言;
c. 为了实现链式操作,将目的地址返回,而不是返回void;
d. 考虑源目的区域有重叠的情况;
e. 一定要保证追加操作完后,目的地址最后以空字符'\0‘结尾

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">char *strcat1(char *destination, const char *source) {assert (destination != NULL && source != NULL);char *cp = destination;while (*cp)++cp;while (*cp++ = *source++) ;return destination;}char* strncat1(char *destination, const char *source, size_t count) {assert (destination != NULL && source != NULL);char *cp = destination;while (*cp)++cp;while (count-- && *source != '\0')*cp++ = *source++;*cp = '\0';return destination;}

4、strcmp strncmp

注意:下面字符做减法时,要强制类型转换,将char转换为unsigned char,因为strcmp函数是按照ASCII码进行比较的,而ASCII码的范围是0 ~ 255,char的范围是-127 ~ 127,所以当输入为负数时会返回错误。

int strcmp1(const char *str1, const char *str2) {assert(str1 != NULL && str2 != NULL);int result = 0;while ( !(result = *(unsigned char*)str1 - *(unsigned char*)str2) && *str2) {++str1;++str2;}if (result < 0)return -1;else if (result > 0)return 1;return result;}int strncmp1(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t count) {assert(str1 != NULL && str2 != NULL);int result = 0;//下一行必须将count--写在前边,否则count等于0时还会计算一个retwhile (count-- && (!(result = *(unsigned char*)str1 - *(unsigned char*)str2)) && *str2) {++str1;++str2;}if (result < 0)return -1;else if (result > 0)return 1;return result;}


5、strcpy strncpy

注意几点
a. 给源字符加上const属性;
b. 给源地址和目的地址加非零断言;
c. 为了实现链式操作,将目的地址返回,而不是返回void;
d. 考虑源目的区域有重叠的情况;
e. 一定要保证复制完后,目的地址最后以空字符'\0‘结尾

char *strcpy(char *destination, const char *source) {assert(destination != NULL && source != NULL);if (destination == source)return destination;char *cp = destination;while ((*cp++ = *source++) != '\0');return destination;}char *strncpy1(char *destination, const char *source, size_t count) {assert(destination != NULL && source != NULL);if (destination == source)return destination;char *cp = destination;while (count-- && *source != '\0')*cp++ = *source++;*cp = '\0';return destination;}

6、strpbrk

有两个版本:
const char * strpbrk ( const char * str1, const char * str2 );      char * strpbrk (       char * str1, const char * str2 );

/*Returns a pointer to the first occurrence in str1 of any of the characters that are part of str2, or a null pointer if there are no matches.The search does not include the terminating null-characters该函数也是两个版本:const和非const版本*/char *strpbrk1(char *str1, const char *str2) {     assert((str1 != NULL) && (str2 != NULL));     const char *s;     while (*str1 != '\0') {     s = str2;     while (*s != '\0'){     if (*str1 == *s)     return str1;     ++ s;     }     ++ str1;     }     return NULL;     }   

7、memcpy

         该函数不检查source结尾的null字符,仅仅拷贝count个字节。为了避免溢出,destination和source指针所指的数组必须最少有count个字节,而且两个区域不能重叠。
         如果区域有重叠,那么要使用memmove这个更安全的方式。
void *memcpy1(void *destination, const void *source, size_t count) {assert (destination != NULL && source != NULL);void *address = destination;while (count--) {*(char*)destination = *(char*)source;destination = (char *)destination + 1;source = (char *)source + 1;}return address;}

8、memmove

        和memcpy函数一样,该函数也不会检查source末尾的空字符null,仅仅拷贝count个字节;为了避免溢出,destination和source指针所指的数组必须最少有count个字节。但是该函数允许源和目的区域重叠

void *memmove1(void *destination, const void *source, size_t count) {assert (destination != NULL && source != NULL);char *pdest = (char*)destination;char *psrc = (char*)source;//pdest在psrc后面,且两者距离小于count,从尾部开始移动,//其他情况从头部开始移动if ((pdest > psrc) && (pdest - psrc < count)) {while (count--)*(pdest + count) = *(psrc + count);}else {while (count--)*pdest++ = *psrc++;}return destination;}

9、memset

void *memset1(void *str, int value, size_t count) {if (str == NULL)return NULL;void *p = str;while (count--) {*(char*)p = (char)value;p = (char *)p + 1;}return str;}

10、strchr  memchr

memchr函数功能:查找在num字节内,value(解释为unsigned char)第一次出现的位置,返回指向它的指针。
两个版本:
const void * memchr ( const void * ptr, int value, size_t num );      void * memchr (       void * ptr, int value, size_t num );

void *memchr1(void *str, int value, size_t count) {if (str == NULL)return NULL;while (count--) {if (*(char*)str == value)return (void*)str;str = (char*)str + 1;}return NULL;}

strchr也有两个版本:
const char * strchr ( const char * str, int character );      char * strchr (       char * str, int character );

//查找字符串s中首次出现字符c的位置     char *strchr1(char *str, int c)     {     assert(str != NULL);     for (; *str != (char)c; ++ str)     if (*str == '\0')     return NULL;     return str;     }  


参考:程序员编程艺术:第四章、现场编写类似strstr/strcpy/strpbrk的函数

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