Linux 编写ls -l 命令

来源:互联网 发布:免费的婚恋软件 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/22 07:02

ls -l 命令的输出

每行都包含7个字段:


          1.模式(mode)                       每一行的第一个字符表示文件类型。“-”代表普通文件,“d”代表目录。接下来的9个字符表示文件访问权限,

                                                              分为读、写和执行,又分别针对三种对象:用户、同组用户和其他用户,所以一共需要9位来表示。从前面

                                                               的ls -l 的输出可以看到,所有的文件和目录对所有用户都是可读的,只有文件的所有者才可以对文件进行

                                                               修改,所有用户都有taill的权限。

           2.链接数(links)                    该文件被引用的次数。

           3.文件所有者(owner)         指出文件所有者的用户名。

           4.组(group)                          指文件所有者所在的组。有些版本的ls显示组名。

           5.大小(size)                         文件大小

           6.最后修改时间(last-modified)

           7.文件名(name)


ls01.c代码

/*** ls01.c* purpose list contents of directory or directories* action if no args, use. else list files in args* note uses stat and pwd.h and grp.h* BUG : try ./ls01 /tmp*/#include<stdio.h>#include<sys/types.h>#include<dirent.h>#include<sys/stat.h>#include<grp.h>#include<pwd.h>void do_ls(char *dirname);void dostat(char *filename);void show_file_info(char *filename, struct stat *info_p);void mode_to_letters(int mode, char *str);char *uid_to_name(uid_t uid);char *gid_to_name(gid_t uid);int main(int ac, char **av){if(ac == 1){do_ls(".");}else{while(--ac){printf("%s:\n", *++av);do_ls( *av );}}}/*** list files in directory called dirname*/void do_ls(char *dirname){DIR *dir_ptr;           // the directorystruct dirent *direntp; // each entryif( (dir_ptr = opendir(dirname)) == NULL ){fprintf(stderr, "ls01: cannot %s\n", dirname);}else{while( (direntp = readdir(dir_ptr)) != NULL ){dostat(direntp->d_name);}closedir(dir_ptr);}}void dostat(char *filename){struct stat info;if(stat(filename, &info) == -1) // cannot stat{perror(filename);       // say why;}else  // else show information{show_file_info(filename, &info);}}/*** display the information. The information is stored in stuct at *info_p*/void show_file_info(char *filename, struct stat *info_p){char *uid_to_name();char *ctime();char *gid_to_name();char *filemode();char modestr[11];mode_to_letters(info_p->st_mode, modestr);printf("%s", modestr);printf("%4d ", (int)info_p->st_nlink);printf("%-8s", uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) );printf("%-8s", gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) );printf("%8ld ", (long)info_p->st_size);printf("%.12s ", 4 + ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));printf("%s\n", filename);}/*** utility function*//*** This function takes a mode value and a char array* and puts into the char array the file type and the* nine letters that correspond to the bits in mode.* Note: It dose not code setuid, setgid, and sticky* codes*/void mode_to_letters(int mode, char *str){strcpy(str, "----------");         // defult = no permsif( S_ISDIR(mode) ) str[0] = 'd'; // directoryif( S_ISCHR(mode) ) str[0] = 'c'; // char devicesif( S_ISBLK(mode) ) str[0] = 'b'; // block deviceif( mode & S_IRUSR) str[1] = 'r'; // 3 bits for userif( mode & S_IWUSR) str[2] = 'w';    if( mode & S_IXUSR) str[3] = 'x';    if( mode & S_IRGRP) str[4] = 'r'; // 3 bits for groupif( mode & S_IWGRP) str[5] = 'w';if( mode & S_IXGRP) str[6] = 'x';    if( mode & S_IROTH) str[7] = 'r'; // 3 bits for otherif( mode & S_IWOTH) str[8] = 'w';if( mode & S_IXOTH) str[9] = 'x';}/*** return pointer to username asscociated with uid, uses getpw()*/char *uid_to_name(uid_t uid){struct passwd *getpwuid();struct passwd *pw_ptr;static char numstr[10];if( (pw_ptr = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL ){sprintf(numstr, "%d", uid);return numstr;}else{return pw_ptr->pw_name;}}/*** return pointer to group number gid. used getgrgid(3)*/char *gid_to_name(gid_t gid){struct group *getgrgid();struct group *grp_ptr;static char numstr[10];if( (grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid)) == NULL ){sprintf(numstr, "%d", gid);return numstr;}else{return grp_ptr->gr_name;}}

编译。执行。

$ ./ls01


OK

不过,它不能指定参数 -a   -l 等,不能指定目录。

参考《Unix/linux编程实践指南》


0 0