R语言学习（1）线性模型

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 #模型和公式##> #利用base包的car数据集来讲解模型和公式这一章#> cars.lm<-lm(formula=dist~speed,data=cars)> cars.lm

Call:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Coefficients:(Intercept)        speed      -17.579        3.932  > ##其中的lm是估算线性模型参数的函数，formula代表公式，dist~speed就是公式，cars是数据集#> #使用summary函数> summary(cars.lm)Call:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Residuals:    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max -29.069  -9.525  -2.272   9.215  43.201 Coefficients:            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    (Intercept) -17.5791     6.7584  -2.601   0.0123 *  speed         3.9324     0.4155   9.464 1.49e-12 ***---Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1Residual standard error: 15.38 on 48 degrees of freedomMultiple R-squared:  0.6511,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.6438 F-statistic: 89.57 on 1 and 48 DF,  p-value: 1.49e-12> #直接调用lm或者summary> #lm(dist~speed,data=cars)> #summary(dist~speed,data=cars)> lm(dist~speed,data=cars)Call:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Coefficients:(Intercept)        speed      -17.579        3.932  > ##图表##> #使用base包中的cars数据集绘图#> data(cars)> dim(cars)[1] 50  2> col(cars)#col是展示行的内容#names(cars)[1] "speed" "dist" > #cars的名字> summary(cars)     speed           dist        Min.   : 4.0   Min.   :  2.00   1st Qu.:12.0   1st Qu.: 26.00   Median :15.0   Median : 36.00   Mean   :15.4   Mean   : 42.98   3rd Qu.:19.0   3rd Qu.: 56.00   Max.   :25.0   Max.   :120.00  > plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",las=1,xlim=c(0,25))> # plot 是作图函数> plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",xlim=c(-10,10),ylim=(-10,10),pch=22,col="red",bg="yellow",bty="l",tcl=0.4,main="Speed and cars")Error: unexpected ',' in "plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",xlim=c(-10,10),ylim=(-10,"> plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",xlim=c(-10,10),ylim=(-10,10),pch=22,col="red",bg="yellow",bty="l",tcl=0.4,main="Speed and cars")Error: unexpected ',' in "plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",xlim=c(-10,10),ylim=(-10,"> #xlab是坐标轴名字，xlim ylim 是xy坐标轴的范围，pch在这里是决定绘图的形状，col决定轮廓颜色，bg决定背景颜色，main是图表标题#> #col.axis是可以修改坐标轴上数字的颜色

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