linux c 获取硬盘的序列号

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获取硬盘序列号的方法
找到指定硬盘的设备文件（如果是根目录的话，可以通过读取 /etc/mtab 文件获取），打开对应的设备文件。然后使用系统调用ioctl。
在这里 ioctl 的第二个参数为 HDIO_GET_IDENTITY （获得指定文件描述符的标志号）
第三个参数为 struct hd_driveid ，在 linux/hdreg.h 中。 struct hd_driveid 结构声明如下：

/* * Structure returned by HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, as per ANSI NCITS ATA6 rev.1b spec. * * If you change something here, please remember to update fix_driveid() in * ide/probe.c. */struct hd_driveid {    unsigned short  config;     /* lots of obsolete bit flags */    unsigned short  cyls;       /* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */    unsigned short  reserved2;  /* reserved (word 2) */    unsigned short  heads;      /* Obsolete, "physical" heads */    unsigned short  track_bytes;    /* unformatted bytes per track */    unsigned short  sector_bytes;   /* unformatted bytes per sector */    unsigned short  sectors;    /* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */    unsigned short  vendor0;    /* vendor unique */    unsigned short  vendor1;    /* vendor unique */    unsigned short  vendor2;    /* Retired vendor unique */    unsigned char   serial_no[20];  /* 0 = not_specified */    unsigned short  buf_type;   /* Retired */    unsigned short  buf_size;   /* Retired, 512 byte increments                     * 0 = not_specified                     */    unsigned short  ecc_bytes;  /* for r/w long cmds; 0 = not_specified */    unsigned char   fw_rev[8];  /* 0 = not_specified */    unsigned char   model[40];  /* 0 = not_specified */    unsigned char   max_multsect;   /* 0=not_implemented */    unsigned char   vendor3;    /* vendor unique */    unsigned short  dword_io;   /* 0=not_implemented; 1=implemented */    unsigned char   vendor4;    /* vendor unique */    unsigned char   capability; /* (upper byte of word 49)                     *  3:  IORDYsup                     *  2:  IORDYsw                     *  1:  LBA                     *  0:  DMA                     */    unsigned short  reserved50; /* reserved (word 50) */    unsigned char   vendor5;    /* Obsolete, vendor unique */    unsigned char   tPIO;       /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */    unsigned char   vendor6;    /* Obsolete, vendor unique */    unsigned char   tDMA;       /* Obsolete, 0=slow, 1=medium, 2=fast */    unsigned short  field_valid;    /* (word 53)                     *  2:  ultra_ok    word  88                     *  1:  eide_ok     words 64-70                     *  0:  cur_ok      words 54-58                     */    unsigned short  cur_cyls;   /* Obsolete, logical cylinders */    unsigned short  cur_heads;  /* Obsolete, l heads */    unsigned short  cur_sectors;    /* Obsolete, l sectors per track */    unsigned short  cur_capacity0;  /* Obsolete, l total sectors on drive */    unsigned short  cur_capacity1;  /* Obsolete, (2 words, misaligned int)     */    unsigned char   multsect;   /* current multiple sector count */    unsigned char   multsect_valid; /* when (bit0==1) multsect is ok */    unsigned int    lba_capacity;   /* Obsolete, total number of sectors */    unsigned short  dma_1word;  /* Obsolete, single-word dma info */    unsigned short  dma_mword;  /* multiple-word dma info */    unsigned short  eide_pio_modes; /* bits 0:mode3 1:mode4 */    unsigned short  eide_dma_min;   /* min mword dma cycle time (ns) */    unsigned short  eide_dma_time;  /* recommended mword dma cycle time (ns) */    unsigned short  eide_pio;       /* min cycle time (ns), no IORDY  */    unsigned short  eide_pio_iordy; /* min cycle time (ns), with IORDY */    unsigned short  words69_70[2];  /* reserved words 69-70                     * future command overlap and queuing                     */    unsigned short  words71_74[4];  /* reserved words 71-74                     * for IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE command                     */    unsigned short  queue_depth;    /* (word 75)                     * 15:5 reserved                     *  4:0 Maximum queue depth -1                     */    unsigned short  words76_79[4];  /* reserved words 76-79 */    unsigned short  major_rev_num;  /* (word 80) */    unsigned short  minor_rev_num;  /* (word 81) */    unsigned short  command_set_1;  /* (word 82) supported                     * 15:  Obsolete                     * 14:  NOP command                     * 13:  READ_BUFFER                     * 12:  WRITE_BUFFER                     * 11:  Obsolete                     * 10:  Host Protected Area                     *  9:  DEVICE Reset                     *  8:  SERVICE Interrupt                     *  7:  Release Interrupt                     *  6:  look-ahead                     *  5:  write cache                     *  4:  PACKET Command                     *  3:  Power Management Feature Set                     *  2:  Removable Feature Set                     *  1:  Security Feature Set                     *  0:  SMART Feature Set                     */    unsigned short  command_set_2;  /* (word 83)                     * 15:  Shall be ZERO                     * 14:  Shall be ONE                     * 13:  FLUSH CACHE EXT                     * 12:  FLUSH CACHE                     * 11:  Device Configuration Overlay                     * 10:  48-bit Address Feature Set                     *  9:  Automatic Acoustic Management                     *  8:  SET MAX security                     *  7:  reserved 1407DT PARTIES                     *  6:  SetF sub-command Power-Up                     *  5:  Power-Up in Standby Feature Set                     *  4:  Removable Media Notification                     *  3:  APM Feature Set                     *  2:  CFA Feature Set                     *  1:  READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED                     *  0:  Download MicroCode                     */    unsigned short  cfsse;      /* (word 84)                     * cmd set-feature supported extensions                     * 15:  Shall be ZERO                     * 14:  Shall be ONE                     * 13:6 reserved                     *  5:  General Purpose Logging                     *  4:  Streaming Feature Set                     *  3:  Media Card Pass Through                     *  2:  Media Serial Number Valid                     *  1:  SMART selt-test supported                     *  0:  SMART error logging                     */    unsigned short  cfs_enable_1;   /* (word 85)                     * command set-feature enabled                     * 15:  Obsolete                     * 14:  NOP command                     * 13:  READ_BUFFER                     * 12:  WRITE_BUFFER                     * 11:  Obsolete                     * 10:  Host Protected Area                     *  9:  DEVICE Reset                     *  8:  SERVICE Interrupt                     *  7:  Release Interrupt                     *  6:  look-ahead                     *  5:  write cache                     *  4:  PACKET Command                     *  3:  Power Management Feature Set                     *  2:  Removable Feature Set                     *  1:  Security Feature Set                     *  0:  SMART Feature Set                     */    unsigned short  cfs_enable_2;   /* (word 86)                     * command set-feature enabled                     * 15:  Shall be ZERO                     * 14:  Shall be ONE                     * 13:  FLUSH CACHE EXT                     * 12:  FLUSH CACHE                     * 11:  Device Configuration Overlay                     * 10:  48-bit Address Feature Set                     *  9:  Automatic Acoustic Management                     *  8:  SET MAX security                     *  7:  reserved 1407DT PARTIES                     *  6:  SetF sub-command Power-Up                     *  5:  Power-Up in Standby Feature Set                     *  4:  Removable Media Notification                     *  3:  APM Feature Set                     *  2:  CFA Feature Set                     *  1:  READ/WRITE DMA QUEUED                     *  0:  Download MicroCode                     */    unsigned short  csf_default;    /* (word 87)                     * command set-feature default                     * 15:  Shall be ZERO                     * 14:  Shall be ONE                     * 13:6 reserved                     *  5:  General Purpose Logging enabled                     *  4:  Valid CONFIGURE STREAM executed                     *  3:  Media Card Pass Through enabled                     *  2:  Media Serial Number Valid                     *  1:  SMART selt-test supported                     *  0:  SMART error logging                     */    unsigned short  dma_ultra;  /* (word 88) */    unsigned short  trseuc;     /* time required for security erase */    unsigned short  trsEuc;     /* time required for enhanced erase */    unsigned short  CurAPMvalues;   /* current APM values */    unsigned short  mprc;       /* master password revision code */    unsigned short  hw_config;  /* hardware config (word 93)                     * 15:  Shall be ZERO                     * 14:  Shall be ONE                     * 13:                     * 12:                     * 11:                     * 10:                     *  9:                     *  8:                     *  7:                     *  6:                     *  5:                     *  4:                     *  3:                     *  2:                     *  1:                     *  0:  Shall be ONE                     */    unsigned short  acoustic;   /* (word 94)                     * 15:8 Vendor's recommended value                     *  7:0 current value                     */    unsigned short  msrqs;      /* min stream request size */    unsigned short  sxfert;     /* stream transfer time */    unsigned short  sal;        /* stream access latency */    unsigned int    spg;        /* stream performance granularity */    unsigned long long lba_capacity_2;/* 48-bit total number of sectors */    unsigned short  words104_125[22];/* reserved words 104-125 */    unsigned short  last_lun;   /* (word 126) */    unsigned short  word127;    /* (word 127) Feature Set                     * Removable Media Notification                     * 15:2 reserved                     *  1:0 00 = not supported                     *  01 = supported                     *  10 = reserved                     *  11 = reserved                     */    unsigned short  dlf;        /* (word 128)                     * device lock function                     * 15:9 reserved                     *  8   security level 1:max 0:high                     *  7:6 reserved                     *  5   enhanced erase                     *  4   expire                     *  3   frozen                     *  2   locked                     *  1   en/disabled                     *  0   capability                     */    unsigned short  csfo;       /*  (word 129)                     * current set features options                     * 15:4 reserved                     *  3:  auto reassign                     *  2:  reverting                     *  1:  read-look-ahead                     *  0:  write cache                     */    unsigned short  words130_155[26];/* reserved vendor words 130-155 */    unsigned short  word156;    /* reserved vendor word 156 */    unsigned short  words157_159[3];/* reserved vendor words 157-159 */    unsigned short  cfa_power;  /* (word 160) CFA Power Mode                     * 15 word 160 supported                     * 14 reserved                     * 13                     * 12                     * 11:0                     */    unsigned short  words161_175[15];/* Reserved for CFA */    unsigned short  words176_205[30];/* Current Media Serial Number */    unsigned short  words206_254[49];/* reserved words 206-254 */    unsigned short  integrity_word; /* (word 255)                     * 15:8 Checksum                     *  7:0 Signature                     */};

其中 serial_no 问硬盘的序列号，如果此项为0，则为没有提供。

源码如下：

#include <stdio.h>#include <sys/ioctl.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <linux/hdreg.h>#include <sys/fcntl.h>int main(){    struct hd_driveid id;    int fd = open("/dev/sda",O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);    if(fd < 0){        perror("dev/sda");        return 1;}

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