U-Boot添加命令的方法

来源:互联网 发布:c语言入门之后学什么 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/16 16:09

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/sdphome/archive/2011/08/19/2146327.html

下面以添加menu命令为例分析U-Boot添加命令的方法。

 

  (1)在common目录下新建cmd_menu.c文件

习惯上把通用命令源代码放在common目录下,与开发板专有命令有关的源代码则放在board/<board_dir>目录下,命名方式只是习惯而已。为了方便阅读和查询习惯以cmd_<命 令名>.c为文件名。

(2)定义menu命令

在cmd_menu.c中使用如下的代码定义menu命令:

复制代码
1 U_BOOT_CMD(2 3 menu, 3, 0, do_menu,4 5 "menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n",6 7 " - display a menu, to select the items to do something"8 9 );
复制代码

其中U_BOOT_CMD命令格式如下:

1 U_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help)

  各个参数的意义如下:

name:命令名,非字符串,但在U_BOOT_CMD中用#符号转化为字符串

maxargs:命令的最大参数个数

rep:是否自动重复(按Enter键是否会重复执行)

cmd:该命令对应的响应函数

usage:简短的使用说明(字符串)

help:较详细的使用说明(字符串)

在内存中保存命令的help字段会占用一定的内存,通过配置U-Boot可以选择是否保存help字段。若在include/configs/mx51_bbg.h中定义了CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP宏,则在U-Boot中使用help命令查看某个命令的帮助信息时将显示usage和help字段的内容,否则就只显示usage字段的内容。

U_BOOT_CMD宏在include/command.h中定义:

1 #define U_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help) \2   cmd_tbl_t __u_boot_cmd_##name Struct_Section = {#name, maxargs, rep, cmd, usage, help}

“##”与“#”都是预编译操作符,“##”有字符串连接的功能,“#”表示后面紧接着的是一个字符串。

复制代码
 1 struct cmd_tbl_s { 2 char *name; /* 命令名 */ 3 int maxargs; /* 最大参数个数 */ 4 int repeatable; /* 是否自动重复 */ 5 int (*cmd)(struct cmd_tbl_s *, int, int, char *[]);  /*  响应函数 */ 6 char *usage; /* 简短的帮助信息 */ 7 #ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP 8 char *help; /*  较详细的帮助信息 */ 9 #endif10 #ifdef CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE11 /* 自动补全参数 */12 int (*complete)(int argc, char *argv[], char last_char, int maxv, char *cmdv[]);13 #endif14 };15 typedef struct cmd_tbl_s cmd_tbl_t;
复制代码

一个cmd_tbl_t结构体变量包含了调用一条命令的所需要的信息。

其中Struct_Section在include/command.h中定义如下:

1 #define Struct_Section  __attribute__ ((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd")))

凡是带有__attribute__ ((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd"))属性声明的变量都将被存放在".u_boot_cmd"段中,并且即使该变量没有在代码中显式的使用编译器也不产生警告信息。

在U-Boot连接脚本u-boot.lds中定义了".u_boot_cmd"段:

1 . = .;2 __u_boot_cmd_start = .;  /*将 __u_boot_cmd_start指定为当前地址 */3 .u_boot_cmd : { *(.u_boot_cmd) }4 __u_boot_cmd_end = .;  /*  将__u_boot_cmd_end指定为当前地址  */

这表明带有“.u_boot_cmd”声明的函数或变量将存储在“u_boot_cmd”段。这样只要将U-Boot所有命令对应的cmd_tbl_t变量加上“.u_boot_cmd”声明,编译器就会自动将其放在“u_boot_cmd”段,查找cmd_tbl_t变量时只要在__u_boot_cmd_start与__u_boot_cmd_end之间查找就可以了。

因此“menu”命令的定义经过宏展开后如下:

 
cmd_tbl_t __u_boot_cmd_menu __attribute__ 
((unused,section (".u_boot_cmd"))) = 
{menu, 3, 0, do_menu, 
"menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n", 
" - display a menu, to select the items to do something"}

实质上就是用U_BOOT_CMD宏定义的信息构造了一个cmd_tbl_t类型的结构体。编译器将该结构体放在u_boot_cmd段,执行命令时就可以在u_boot_cmd段查找到对应的cmd_tbl_t类型结构体。

(3)实现命令的函数

即U_BOOT_CMD(name,maxargs,rep,cmd,usage,help)中的cmd参数

在cmd_menu.c中添加menu命令的响应函数的实现。具体的实现代码略:

1 int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])2 {3 /* 实现代码略 */4 }

(4) 将common/cmd_menu.c编译进u-boot.bin

在common/Makefile中把目标代码cmd_menu.o也加入一起编译:

在include/configs/mx51_bbg.h加入如代码:

#define CONFIG_BOOT_MENU 1

重新编译下载U-Boot就可以使用menu命令了

(5)menu命令执行的过程

在U-Boot中输入menu命令执行时,U-Boot接收输入的字符串menu,传递给run_command函数。run_command函数调用common/command.c中实现的find_cmd函数在__u_boot_cmd_start与__u_boot_cmd_end间查找命令,并返回menu命令的cmd_tbl_t结构。然后run_command函数使用返回的cmd_tbl_t结构中的函数指针调用menu命令的响应函数do_menu,从而完成了命令的执行。

(6)例子:USB下载,命令很简单。

复制代码
  1 #include <common.h>  2 #include <command.h>  3 extern char console_buffer[];  4 extern int readline (const char *const prompt);  5 extern char awaitkey(unsigned long delay, int* error_p);  6 extern void download_nkbin_to_flash(void);  7 /**  8  * Parses a string into a number.  The number stored at ptr is  9  * potentially suffixed with K (for kilobytes, or 1024 bytes), 10  * M (for megabytes, or 1048576 bytes), or G (for gigabytes, or 11  * 1073741824).  If the number is suffixed with K, M, or G, then 12  * the return value is the number multiplied by one kilobyte, one 13  * megabyte, or one gigabyte, respectively. 14  * 15  * @param ptr where parse begins 16  * @param retptr output pointer to next char after parse completes (output) 17  * @return resulting unsigned int 18 */ 19 static unsigned long memsize_parse2 (const char *const ptr, const char **retptr) 20 { 21  unsigned long ret = simple_strtoul(ptr, (char **)retptr, 0); 22     int sixteen = 1; 23  switch (**retptr) { 24   case 'G': 25   case 'g': 26    ret <<= 10; 27   case 'M': 28   case 'm': 29    ret <<= 10; 30   case 'K': 31   case 'k': 32    ret <<= 10; 33    (*retptr)++; 34             sixteen = 0; 35   default: 36    break; 37  } 38     if (sixteen) 39         return simple_strtoul(ptr, NULL, 16); 40     41   return ret; 42 } 43  44 void param_menu_usage() 45 { 46     printf("\r\n##### Parameter Menu #####\r\n"); 47     printf("[v] View the parameters\r\n"); 48     printf("[s] Set parameter \r\n"); 49     printf("[d] Delete parameter \r\n"); 50     printf("[w] Write the parameters to flash memeory \r\n"); 51     printf("[q] Quit \r\n"); 52     printf("Enter your selection: "); 53 } 54  55 void param_menu_shell(void) 56 { 57     char c; 58     char cmd_buf[256]; 59     char name_buf[20]; 60     char val_buf[256]; 61     62      while (1) 63     { 64         param_menu_usage(); 65         c = awaitkey(-1, NULL); 66         printf("%c\n", c); 67         switch (c) 68         { 69             case 'v': 70             { 71                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "printenv "); 72                 printf("Name(enter to view all paramters): "); 73                 readline(NULL); 74                 strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer); 75                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0); 76                 break; 77             } 78             79              case 's': 80             { 81                 sprintf(cmd_buf, "setenv "); 82                 printf("Name: "); 83                 readline(NULL); 84                 strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer); 85                 printf("Value: "); 86                 readline(NULL); 87                 strcat(cmd_buf, ""); 88                 strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer); 89                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0); 90                 break; 91             } 92             93              case 'd': 94             { 95                 sprintf(cmd_buf, "setenv "); 96                 printf("Name: "); 97                 readline(NULL); 98                 strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer); 99                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);100                 break;101             }102            103              case 'w':104             {105                 sprintf(cmd_buf, "saveenv");106                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);107                 break;108             }109            110              case 'q':111             {112                 return;113                 break;114             }115         }116     }117 }118 119 void main_menu_usage(void)120 {121     printf("\r\n##### 100ask Bootloader for OpenJTAG #####\r\n");122     printf("[n] Download u-boot to Nand Flash\r\n");123  if (bBootFrmNORFlash())124      printf("[o] Download u-boot to Nor Flash\r\n");125     printf("[k] Download Linux kernel uImage\r\n");126     printf("[j] Download root_jffs2 image\r\n");127 //    printf("[c] Download root_cramfs image\r\n");128     printf("[y] Download root_yaffs image\r\n");129     printf("[d] Download to SDRAM & Run\r\n");130     printf("[z] Download zImage into RAM\r\n");131     printf("[g] Boot linux from RAM\r\n");132     printf("[f] Format the Nand Flash\r\n");133     printf("[s] Set the boot parameters\r\n");134     printf("[b] Boot the system\r\n");135     printf("[r] Reboot u-boot\r\n");136     printf("[q] Quit from menu\r\n");137     printf("Enter your selection: ");138 }139 140 void menu_shell(void)141 {142     char c;143     char cmd_buf[200];144     char *p = NULL;145     unsigned long size;146     unsigned long offset;147     struct mtd_info *mtd = &nand_info[nand_curr_device];148     while (1)149     {150         main_menu_usage();151         c = awaitkey(-1, NULL);152         printf("%c\n", c);153         switch (c)154         {155    case 'n':156    {157                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase bootloader; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 bootloader $(filesize)");158                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);159                 break;160    }161             case 'o':162             {163                 if (bBootFrmNORFlash())164                 {165                     strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; protect off all; erase 0 +$(filesize); cp.b 0x30000000 0 $(filesize)");166                     run_command(cmd_buf, 0);167                 }168     break;169             }170            171              case 'k':172             {173                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase kernel; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 kernel $(filesize)");174                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);175                 break;176             }177             case 'j':178             {179                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase root; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 root $(filesize)");180                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);181                 break;182             }183 #if 0184             case 'c':185             {186                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase root; nand write.jffs2 0x30000000 root $(filesize)");187                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);188                 break;189             }190 #endif191             case 'y':192             {193                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30000000; nand erase root; nand write.yaffs 0x30000000 root $(filesize)");194                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);195                 break;196             }197             case 'd':198             {199                 extern volatile U32 downloadAddress;200                 extern int download_run;201                202                  download_run = 1;203                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1");204                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);205                 download_run = 0;206                 sprintf(cmd_buf, "go %x", downloadAddress);207                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);208                 break;209             }210    case 'z':211    {212     strcpy(cmd_buf, "usbslave 1 0x30008000");213     run_command(cmd_buf, 0);214     break;215    }216    case 'g':217    {218     extern void do_bootm_rawLinux (ulong addr);219     do_bootm_rawLinux(0x30008000);220    }221             case 'b':222             {223                 printf("Booting Linux ...\n");224                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "nand read.jffs2 0x30007FC0 kernel; bootm 0x30007FC0");225                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);226                 break;227             }228             case 'f':229             {230                 strcpy(cmd_buf, "nand erase ");231                 printf("Start address: ");232                 readline(NULL);233                 strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);234                 printf("Size(eg. 4000000, 0x4000000, 64m and so on): ");235                 readline(NULL);236                 p = console_buffer;237                 size = memsize_parse2(p, &p);238                 sprintf(console_buffer, " %x", size);239                 strcat(cmd_buf, console_buffer);240                 run_command(cmd_buf, 0);241                 break;242             }243             case 's':244             {245                 param_menu_shell();246                 break;247             }248             case 'r':249             {250     strcpy(cmd_buf, "reset");251     run_command(cmd_buf, 0);252                 break;253             }254            255              case 'q':256             {257                 return;   258                  break;259             }260         }261                262      }263 }264 int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])265 {266     menu_shell();267     return 0;268 }269 U_BOOT_CMD(270  menu, 3, 0, do_menu,271  "menu - display a menu, to select the items to do something\n",272  " - display a menu, to select the items to do something"273 );
复制代码

 TFTP下载

复制代码
 1 #include <common.h> 2 #include <command.h> 3 /**功能:等待键盘输入***/ 4 static char awaitkey(unsigned long delay, int* error_p) 5 { 6     int i; 7     char c; 8     if (delay == -1) { 9         while (1) {10             if (tstc()) /* we got a key press */11                 return getc();12         }13     }14     else {       15          for (i = 0; i < delay; i++) {16       if (tstc()) /* we got a key press */17        return getc();18             udelay (10*1000);19         }20     }21     if (error_p)22         *error_p = -1;23     return 0;24 }      25 /*****提示符,功能说明****/ 26 void main_menu_usage(void)27 {28  printf("\r\n######## Hotips TFTP DownLoad for SMDK2440 ########\r\n");29  printf("\r\n");30  printf("[1] 下载 u-boot.bin       写入 Nand Flash\r\n");31  printf("[2] 下载 Linux(uImage)    内核镜像写入 Nand Flash\r\n");32  printf("[3] 下载 yaffs2(fs.yaffs) 文件系统镜像写入 Nand Flash\r\n");33  printf("[4] 下载 Linux(uImage)    内核镜像到内存并运行\r\n");34  printf("[5] 重启设备\r\n");35  printf("[q] 退出菜单\r\n");36  printf("\r\n");37  printf("输入选择: ");38 }39 /***do_menu()的调用函数,命令的具体实现***/40  41 void menu_shell(void)42 {43     char c;44     char cmd_buf[200];45     while (1)46     {47       main_menu_usage();48       c = awaitkey(-1, NULL);49       printf("%c\n", c);50       switch (c)51       {52   case '1':53   {54           strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin; nand erase 0x0 0x60000; nand write 0x32000000 0x0 0x60000");55           run_command(cmd_buf, 0);56           break;57   }58         case '2':59         {60           strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 uImage; nand erase 0x80000 0x200000; nand write 0x32000000 0x80000 0x200000");61           run_command(cmd_buf, 0);62      break;63         }64         case '3':65         {66           strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 fs.yaffs; nand erase 0x280000; nand write.yaffs2 0x32000000 0x280000 $(filesize)");67           run_command(cmd_buf, 0);68           break;69         }70   case '4':71         {72           strcpy(cmd_buf, "tftp 0x32000000 uImage; bootm 0x32000000");73           run_command(cmd_buf, 0);74           break;75         }76   case '5':77         {78           strcpy(cmd_buf, "reset");79           run_command(cmd_buf, 0);80           break;81         }82         case 'q':83         {84           return;   85            break;86         }87       }88     }89 }90 int do_menu (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])91 {92     menu_shell();93     return 0;94 }95 U_BOOT_CMD(96  menu, 1, 0, do_menu,97  "Download Menu",98  "U-boot Download Menu by Hotips\n"99 );
复制代码

 对比两种下载方式我们清楚命令的添加和执行方式了

0 0
原创粉丝点击