Fragment
来源：互联网 发布：ubuntu共享文件夹路径 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/04/29 08:12
1.fragment的使用
(1)Activity布局
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity" android:orientation="horizontal" > <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/fl" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" ></FrameLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="fragment01" android:onClick="click1" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="fragment02" android:onClick="click2" /> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="fragment03" android:onClick="click3" /> </LinearLayout></LinearLayout></span></span>
(2)各个fragment的布局
a.fragment1
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:background="#ff0000" > <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="热情的红色" android:textSize="20sp" /></LinearLayout></span></span>b.fragment2
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:background="#0000ff" > <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="忧桑的蓝色" android:textSize="20sp" /></LinearLayout></span></span>
c.fragment3
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" android:background="#00ff00" > <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="小志的绿色" android:textSize="20sp" /></LinearLayout></span></span>
(3)各个fragment的类
a. 以下重复3个
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;">public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {//返回的view对象会作为fragment01的内容显示在屏幕上@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubView v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);return v;}@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onCreate(savedInstanceState);System.out.println("01create");}@Overridepublic void onStart() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onStart();System.out.println("01start");}@Overridepublic void onResume() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onResume();System.out.println("01resume");}@Overridepublic void onPause() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onPause();System.out.println("01pause");}@Overridepublic void onStop() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onStop();System.out.println("01stop");}@Overridepublic void onDestroy() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onDestroy();System.out.println("01destroy");}}</span></span>(4)使用fragment的Activity
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:14px;">public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Fragment03 fg3;@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); fg3 = new Fragment03(); //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg3); //提交 ft.commit(); } public void click1(View v){ //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //创建fragment对象 Fragment01 fg1 = new Fragment01(); //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg1); //提交 ft.commit(); } public void click2(View v){ //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //创建fragment对象 Fragment02 fg2 = new Fragment02(); //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg2); //提交 ft.commit(); } public void click3(View v){ //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg3); //提交 ft.commit(); }}</span></span>2.fragment的向下兼容
(1)兼容库：libs目录下android-support-v4.jar v4代表最低支持Android1.6
(2)导入的包为： import android.support.v4.app.Fragment
(3)布局同上
(4)fragment代码*3
<span style="font-size:14px;">import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {//返回的view对象会作为fragment01的内容显示在屏幕上@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubView v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);return v;}}</span>(5)Activity代码----------继承FragmentActivity
<span style="font-size:14px;">import android.os.Bundle;import android.app.Activity;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.View;public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity { private Fragment03 fg3;@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); fg3 = new Fragment03(); //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg3); //提交 ft.commit(); } public void click1(View v){ //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //创建fragment对象 Fragment01 fg1 = new Fragment01(); //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg1); //提交 ft.commit(); } public void click2(View v){ //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //创建fragment对象 Fragment02 fg2 = new Fragment02(); //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg2); //提交 ft.commit(); } public void click3(View v){ //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg3); //提交 ft.commit(); }}</span>3.Fragment和activity传递数据
(1)在Activity中拿到fragment的对象，调用fragment的方法传递数据
a. fragment03
<span style="font-size:14px;">public void setText(String text){tv.setText(text);}</span>b.Activity中调用
<span style="font-size:14px;"> //把fragment01的界面显示至帧布局中 //获取fragment管理器 FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager(); //打开事务 FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); //把内容显示至帧布局 ft.replace(R.id.fl, fg3); //提交 ft.commit();String text = et_main.getText().toString(); //传递数据 fg3.setText(text);</span>
a.不要用相同的资源id
b. MainActivity
<span style="font-size:14px;"> public void setText(String text){ et_main.setText(text); }</span>c.Fragment<span style="font-size:14px;">bt.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {String text = et.getText().toString();//把数据传递给activity((MainActivity)getActivity()).setText(text);}});</span>4. fragment的生命周期方法
<span style="font-size:14px;">public class Fragment01 extends Fragment {//返回的view对象会作为fragment01的内容显示在屏幕上@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubView v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment01, null);return v;}@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onCreate(savedInstanceState);System.out.println("01create");}@Overridepublic void onStart() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onStart();System.out.println("01start");}@Overridepublic void onResume() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onResume();System.out.println("01resume");}@Overridepublic void onPause() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onPause();System.out.println("01pause");}@Overridepublic void onStop() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onStop();System.out.println("01stop");}@Overridepublic void onDestroy() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onDestroy();System.out.println("01destroy");}}</span>-------------------------------------------------------------------------Fragment--------------------------------------------------------------
转自：http://blog.csdn.net/jubincn/article/details/12856379
Fragment简介
Fragment是我们可以将Activity分成不同的组成部分，这些组成部分拥有自己的生命周期和UI。它的最大用途在于适配不同的屏幕。创建Fragment
Fragment和Activity有很多相似之处，例如可以不带UI，但这样做对两者似乎都没什么意义。他们的创建方式也很相似，例如下面的代码：
package test.fragments;import android.app.Fragment;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;public class MySkeletonFragment extends Fragment {@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { // Create, or inflate the Fragment’s UI, and return it. // If this Fragment has no UI then return null. return inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false); }}Fragment生命周期
Fragment的生命周期和它的宿主Activity密切相关，几乎和宿主Activity的生命周期一致，他们之间最大的不同在于Activity可以增加或删除Fragment。下图总结了Fragment的生命周期：
Fragment特有的生命周期事件
- Attach and detach Fragment from the parent Activity
- Creating and destroying Fragment
- Creating and Destroying UI
获取Fragment Manager
每个Activity对象都内置了一个FragmentManager对象，使用getFragmentManager()即可获得：
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
添加Fragment到Activity中
在Activity中添加Fragment的最简单方法是使用layout配置文件，例如：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <fragment android:name="com.paad.weatherstation.MyListFragment" android:id="@+id/my_list_fragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" /> <fragment android:name="com.paad.weatherstation.DetailsFragment" android:id="@+id/details_fragment" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="3" /></LinearLayout>
调用inflate方法生成Fragment的界面后，Fragment实际上是一个类似ViewGroup的角色，在Activity中管理自己的UI。
上面那种将Fragment添加到Activity的方法缺乏灵活性，不能实现动态地添加和删除，更好的方式是使用FragmentTranaction和类似下面这样的配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/ui_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" /> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="3" /></LinearLayout>
使用FragmentTransaction
FragmentTransaction可以在运行时添加，删除或替换Fragment，从而实现UI的动态变化。Fragment Transaction由Fragment Manager的beginTransaction()方法创建，然后可以进行Fragment的添加，删除和替换，最后通过commit()方法提交修改。
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();// Add, remove, and/or replace Fragments.// Specify animations.// Add to back stack if required.fragmentTransaction.commit();
添加，删除和替换Fragment
使用FragmentTransaction的add方法可以添加一个新的Fragment，add()方法的主要参数是Fragment的容器View（或其ID）及Fragment实例，例如：
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ui_container, new MyListFragment());fragmentTransaction.commit();
删除Fragment需要FragmentTransaction的remove()方法，参数为Fragment对象，Fragment对象可以通过FragmentManager的findFragmentById()方法获
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();Fragment fragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.details_fragment);fragmentTransaction.remove(fragment);fragmentTransaction.commit();
替换Fragment使用的是FragmentTransaction的replace()方法，参数分别为所要替代Fragment所在容器的ID和新的Fragment
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.details_fragment, new DetailFragment(selected_index));fragmentTransaction.commit();
获取指定的Fragment
有两种方法可以获取某个特定的Fragment，如果这个Fragment已经被添加到某个layout文件中，则可以使用xml文件中的id作为参数：MyFragment myFragment = (MyFragment)fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.MyFragment);
也可以通过创建Fragment时添加的tag获取特定的Fragment：
MyFragment myFragment = (MyFragment)fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(MY_FRAGMENT_TAG);
删除Fragment容器
在配置文件中将visibility的属性设为"gone"，即可删除某个Fragment，例如：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/ui_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" /> <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/details_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="3" android:visibility="gone" /></LinearLayout>
Fragment和Back Stack
Activity拥有Activity Stack，从而在用户按”返回”按钮时，回到前一个Activity。Fragment也可以响应”返回”事件，方法是FragmentTransaction在commit之前调用addToBackStack()方法。这样，在用户按返回键后，Android会首先重现之前的UI布局。
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ui_container, new MyListFragment());Fragment fragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.details_fragment);fragmentTransaction.remove(fragment);String tag = null;fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(tag);fragmentTransaction.commit();
原理和Activity类似，调用addToBackStack()后，Fragment会被push到back stack中，而不是销毁。
Fragment Transaction的动画效果
Fragment Transaction有两种方法实现动画效果，分别是：
- 设置渐进：
- 设置动画效果：
fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(R.animator.slide_in_left, R.animator.slide_out_right);
Fragment和宿主Activity之间的接口
Fragment可以通过getActivity()方法获得宿主Activity对象：
TextView textView = (TextView)getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textview);
另一种常见的Fragment和Activity之间的交互方式是使用回调函数：
<span style="font-size:12px">public interface OnSeasonSelectedListener { public void onSeasonSelected(Season season);}private OnSeasonSelectedListener onSeasonSelectedListener; private Season currentSeason; @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { super.onAttach(activity); try { onSeasonSelectedListener = (OnSeasonSelectedListener)activity; } catch (ClassCastException e) { throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() +"must implement OnSeasonSelectedListener"); } } private void setSeason(Season season) { currentSeason = season; onSeasonSelectedListener.onSeasonSelected(season);}</span>没有UI的Fragment
尽管不常见，但Fragment的确是可以没有UI的，好处也许是拥有了更灵活的生命周期控制。没有UI的Fragment生命周期事件有这些：public class NewItemFragment extends Fragment { @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { <span style="white-space:pre"></span>super.onAttach(activity); <span style="white-space:pre"></span>// Get a type-safe reference to the parent Activity. } @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {<span style="white-space:pre"></span> super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);<span style="white-space:pre"></span> // Create background worker threads and tasks. } @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {<span style="white-space:pre"></span> super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);<span style="white-space:pre"></span> // Initiate worker threads and tasks. }}常用的Fragment类
- DiagFragment
- ListFragment
- webViewFragment
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/** * 基类Fragment, 所有Fragment继承此类 * * 1. 定义Activity常量,方便子类使用 2. 定义抽象方法initViews,初始化布局,必须实现 3. * 定义方法initData,初始化数据,可以不实现 * * @author Kevin * */public abstract class BaseFragment extends Fragment {public Activity mActivity;// Fragment创建@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);mActivity = getActivity();}// Fragment填充布局@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {View view = initView();return view;}/** * 初始化布局 * * @return */public abstract View initView();// Fragment所依赖的Activity创建完成@Overridepublic void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);initData();}/** * 初始化数据 */public void initData() {}} 0 0
- Fragment
- Fragment
- fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- fragment
- fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- Fragment
- fragment
- 每天小练笔10-小和尚挑水（回溯法）
- 源码编译openssl(Linux/Win)
- Happy Great BG
- ajax调用期间添加蒙层blockUI
- Database之五 Mysql字符集
- Fragment
- Java并发控制机制
- 部分链表操作总结
- Jenkins集成及在服务器上发布异常 解决方案汇总
- 第几天（java处理日期）
- Spark/Streaming
- JavaScript 判断浏览器类型及版本
- windows dos命令行编码切换
- Android 开源框架Universal-Image-Loader完全解析（一）--- 基本介绍及使用
