Android通过反射打造可以存储任何对象的万能SharedPreferences

来源：互联网发布：php图片用什么打开编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/06 03:30

我们通常使用SharedPreferences存储一些需要保存在本地，但又不至于存储在数据库里的一些数据，一般我们用它来存储一些用户名，密码等数据是非常方便的，那么如果我们想要存储的信息有10几条，我们就得写10几行重复的代码把他们存进去，取出来的时候还得写10几行代码将他们一条一条取出来，那么有没有什么办法可以只需要一行代码就可以将他们存进去，一行代码就将他们取出来？答案是有的，这篇文章我们就介绍如何通过反射来实现。

1.将我们想要保存的数据封装成一个实体类 Person.java 其中属性我们都用Public来修饰

<a target=_blank id="L1" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L1" rel="#L1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  1</a><a target=_blank id="L2" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L2" rel="#L2" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  2</a><a target=_blank id="L3" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L3" rel="#L3" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  3</a><a target=_blank id="L4" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L4" rel="#L4" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  4</a><a target=_blank id="L5" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L5" rel="#L5" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  5</a><a target=_blank id="L6" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L6" rel="#L6" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  6</a><a target=_blank id="L7" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L7" rel="#L7" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  7</a><a target=_blank id="L8" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L8" rel="#L8" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  8</a><a target=_blank id="L9" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L9" rel="#L9" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  9</a><a target=_blank id="L10" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L10" rel="#L10" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 10</a><a target=_blank id="L11" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L11" rel="#L11" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 11</a><a target=_blank id="L12" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L12" rel="#L12" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 12</a>public class Person {
//String类型属性 姓名
public String name;
//int类型属性 年龄
public int age;
//float类型属性 身高
public float height;
//boolean类型属性 是否已婚
public boolean isMarried;
//String类型属性 证件号
public String id;
}

来自CODE的代码片
Person.java

2.通过反射，将Person类中的属性取出来

<a target=_blank id="L1" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L1" rel="#L1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  1</a><a target=_blank id="L2" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L2" rel="#L2" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  2</a><a target=_blank id="L3" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L3" rel="#L3" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  3</a><a target=_blank id="L4" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L4" rel="#L4" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  4</a><a target=_blank id="L5" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L5" rel="#L5" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  5</a><a target=_blank id="L6" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L6" rel="#L6" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  6</a><a target=_blank id="L7" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L7" rel="#L7" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  7</a><a target=_blank id="L8" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L8" rel="#L8" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  8</a><a target=_blank id="L9" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L9" rel="#L9" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  9</a><a target=_blank id="L10" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L10" rel="#L10" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 10</a><a target=_blank id="L11" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L11" rel="#L11" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 11</a><a target=_blank id="L12" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L12" rel="#L12" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 12</a><a target=_blank id="L13" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L13" rel="#L13" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 13</a><a target=_blank id="L14" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L14" rel="#L14" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 14</a><a target=_blank id="L15" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L15" rel="#L15" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 15</a><a target=_blank id="L16" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L16" rel="#L16" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 16</a><a target=_blank id="L17" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L17" rel="#L17" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 17</a><a target=_blank id="L18" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L18" rel="#L18" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 18</a><a target=_blank id="L19" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L19" rel="#L19" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 19</a><a target=_blank id="L20" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L20" rel="#L20" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 20</a>public class SharedPreferencesUtils {
/**
 * 根据传入的对象，取出其中用public修饰符修饰的属性
 * @param clazz 想要拿到属性的类的字节码文件
 * @return 所有用pulic修饰的属性的一个list表
 */
public static <T> List<Field> getPublicFields(Class<?> clazz){
if (clazz.equals(Object.class)) {
return null;
}
//用来存储clazz中用public修饰的属性的list
List<Field> list = new ArrayList<Field>();
//获得clazz中所有用public修饰的属性
Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
//将fields加入到list中
for(int i=0 ; i<fields.length ; i++){
list.add(fields[i]);
}
return list;
}

来自CODE的代码片
SharedPreferencesUtils.java

我们先来测试一下属性有没有被取出来，我们在MainActivity.java中添加如下代码进行测试

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    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //调用我们刚刚写好的方法来获取Person类中的属性
        List<Field> publicFields = SharedPreferencesUtils.getPublicFields(Person.class);
        for(Field f : publicFields){
        String name = f.getName();
        Log.i("TAG", name+"\n");
        }
    }
}

来自CODE的代码片
MainActivity.java

我们来看一下Log打印的信息

我们可以看到，Person中的属性我们都已经拿到了

3.将对象存储到SharedPreferences中

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text-decoration: none;"> 25</a><a target=_blank id="L26" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L26" rel="#L26" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 26</a><a target=_blank id="L27" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L27" rel="#L27" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 27</a><a target=_blank id="L28" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L28" rel="#L28" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 28</a><a target=_blank id="L29" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L29" rel="#L29" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 29</a><a target=_blank id="L30" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L30" rel="#L30" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 30</a><a target=_blank id="L31" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L31" rel="#L31" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 31</a><a target=_blank id="L32" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L32" rel="#L32" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 32</a><a target=_blank id="L33" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L33" rel="#L33" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 33</a><a target=_blank id="L34" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L34" rel="#L34" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 34</a><a target=_blank id="L35" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L35" rel="#L35" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 35</a><a target=_blank id="L36" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L36" rel="#L36" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 36</a>public static void putObjectToShare(String shareName , Object obj){
//获得SharedPreferences实例
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = mContext.getSharedPreferences(shareName,Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
//获得Editor
Editor edit = sharedPreferences.edit();
//存储数据之前先将之前的旧数据清掉
edit.clear();
//调用commit提交数据(这里为了清掉数据)
edit.commit();
List<Field> publicFields = getPublicFields(obj.getClass());
for(Field f : publicFields){
String name = f.getName();
try {
//获得当前属性的类型和值
//类型的话如果是基本类型，会自动装箱
Object type = f.get(obj);
//判断各种类型，调用各种类型的put方法将数据存储进去
if (type instanceof String) {
edit.putString(name, (String) type);
}else if (type instanceof Integer) {
edit.putInt(name, (Integer) type);
}else if (type instanceof Float) {
edit.putFloat(name, (Float) type);
}else if (type instanceof Long) {
edit.putLong(name, (Long) type);
}else if (type instanceof Boolean) {
edit.putBoolean(name, (Boolean) type);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//调用commit，提交数据
edit.commit();
}
}

来自CODE的代码片
SharedPreferencesUtils.java

4.将对象从SharedPreferences中取出来

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text-decoration: none;"> 19</a><a target=_blank id="L20" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L20" rel="#L20" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 20</a><a target=_blank id="L21" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L21" rel="#L21" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 21</a><a target=_blank id="L22" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L22" rel="#L22" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 22</a><a target=_blank id="L23" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L23" rel="#L23" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 23</a><a target=_blank id="L24" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L24" rel="#L24" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 24</a><a target=_blank id="L25" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L25" rel="#L25" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 25</a><a target=_blank id="L26" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L26" rel="#L26" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 26</a><a target=_blank id="L27" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L27" rel="#L27" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 27</a><a target=_blank id="L28" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L28" rel="#L28" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 28</a><a target=_blank id="L29" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L29" rel="#L29" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 29</a><a target=_blank id="L30" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L30" rel="#L30" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 30</a><a target=_blank id="L31" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L31" rel="#L31" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 31</a><a target=_blank id="L32" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L32" rel="#L32" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 32</a><a target=_blank id="L33" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L33" rel="#L33" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 33</a><a target=_blank id="L34" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L34" rel="#L34" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 34</a><a target=_blank id="L35" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L35" rel="#L35" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 35</a><a target=_blank id="L36" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L36" rel="#L36" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 36</a><a target=_blank id="L37" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L37" rel="#L37" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 37</a><a target=_blank id="L38" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L38" rel="#L38" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 38</a><a target=_blank id="L39" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L39" rel="#L39" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 39</a>public static <T> T getObjectFromShare(String shareName , Class<T> clazz){
//获得SharedPreferences实例
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = mContext.getSharedPreferences(shareName, Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
//T是一个泛型，根据clazz不同而不同
T t = null;
try {
//获得sharedPreferences中所有的数据，数据为键值对保存在map中
Map<String,?> map = sharedPreferences.getAll();
//调用getPublicFields方法得到clazz中所有的公有属性
List<Field> publicFields = getPublicFields(clazz);
//如果两者都不为空的话
if (map.size()>0 && publicFields.size()>0) {
//将T实例化出来
t = clazz.newInstance();
//遍历map中所有的键值对
for(Map.Entry<String,?> entry : map.entrySet()){
//map中的键
String key = entry.getKey();
//map中的值
Object value = entry.getValue();
//遍历clazz中的所有公有属性
for(Field field : publicFields){
//获得属性名
String name = field.getName();
//如果属性名与键相同
if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
//相当于给对象T中的属性field赋值，值为value
field.set(t, value);
break;
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//整个遍历结束后，我们的对象中的属性也都有值了
return t;
}

来自CODE的代码片
SharedPreferencesUtils.java

5.我们来测试一下，修改MainAcitvity.java中的代码

<a target=_blank id="L1" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L1" rel="#L1" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  1</a><a target=_blank id="L2" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L2" rel="#L2" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  2</a><a target=_blank id="L3" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L3" rel="#L3" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  3</a><a target=_blank id="L4" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L4" rel="#L4" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  4</a><a target=_blank id="L5" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L5" rel="#L5" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  5</a><a target=_blank id="L6" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L6" rel="#L6" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  6</a><a target=_blank id="L7" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L7" rel="#L7" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  7</a><a target=_blank id="L8" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L8" rel="#L8" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  8</a><a target=_blank id="L9" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L9" rel="#L9" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;">  9</a><a target=_blank id="L10" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L10" rel="#L10" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 10</a><a target=_blank id="L11" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L11" rel="#L11" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 11</a><a target=_blank id="L12" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L12" rel="#L12" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 12</a><a target=_blank id="L13" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L13" rel="#L13" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 13</a><a target=_blank id="L14" href="http://blog.csdn.net/nugongahou110/article/details/46913461#L14" rel="#L14" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); text-decoration: none;"> 14</a>public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //实例化一个Person实例，这是我们想要存储到SharedPreferences中的对象
        Person p = new Person("zhangsan",23,175.0f,false,"001");
        //将p存储到SharedPreferences的“zhangqi”名下
        SharedPreferencesUtils.getInstance(this).putObjectToShare("zhangqi",p);;
        //从SharedPreferences的“zhangqi”名下取出之前存储过的Person实例
        Person savedPerson = SharedPreferencesUtils.getInstance(this).getObjectFromShare("zhangqi",Person.class);
        Log.e("zhangqi",""+savedPerson.toString());
    }
}