SpringMVC简单项目配置
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一、首先，SpringMVC框架使用分层开发，分层是为了实现“高内聚，低耦合”。采用“分而治之”的思想，把问题划分开来各个解决，易于控制，延展和分配资源，最重要的是有利于后期项目维护。MVC是指Model(模型)、View(视图)、Controller(控制器)，在SpringMVC的编程中一般具有四层，分别是：
表示层：(jsp、html)主要就是界面的展示
控制层：(Contoller、Action)控制界面跳转
业务层：(Service)调用DAO层，实现解耦合目的，虽然不要它也可以运行项目，但是会使项目后期的延展和维护变得困难
持久层：(DAO)也叫数据访问层，实现对数据库的访问
二、然后，注解的使用，在SpringMVC中经常用到注解，使用注解可以极大的节省开发者的时间，下面是几个最重要的注解介绍：
@Repository：标注数据访问层，可以告诉SpringMVC这是一个数据访问层，并将其申明为一个bean，例如UserDao接口的实现类UserDaoImpl,在类上加注解@Repository("userDao")，bean的名称为userDao
@Service:标注业务层，例如UserService接口的实现类，在类上加@Service("userService")，bean的名称为userService
@Controller:控制层，在控制层类上加@Controller即可，确认其是一个控制层类
@Component:当不确定是属于哪层是用这个注解
三、说的再多，不如做一遍，下面是一个简单的跳转并实现登录功能的SpringMVC项目的介绍
1.项目环境搭建，在eclipse下点击左上角File→New→Dynamic Web Projiect，创建项目MySpringMVC,新建项目结构如下
在lib下导入jar包，在这里，需要的jar包有哪些就不介绍了，反正是能多不能少，多了不会报错，不明白就都弄进去吧。在WEB-INF下新建web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"><!--处理从页面传递中文到后台而出现的中文乱码问题 --> <!-- encoding start --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern><!-- 对所有文件过滤 --> </filter-mapping> <!-- encoding ends --> <!-- 首页设置 --><welcome-file-list><welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file></welcome-file-list></web-app>在WebContent下建一个index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>welcome</title></head><body>This is MySpringMVC!</body></html>用tomcat运行项目，最好做每一步都运行下，看能通过不，不然后面很难发现错误
接下来实现页面的跳转在index.jsp里加入
<a href="toLogin.do">登录</a>
在WEB-INF下新建文件夹webPage，然后建立Login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>登录界面</title></head><body><form action="userLogin.do" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="categoryId" value="1" /><div class="login"> <div class="loginleft"> <p class="logotext">MySpringMVC登录界面</p> </div> <div class="loginright"> <p class="loginrighttit">用户登录</p> <ul> <li><p>用 户 名:</p> <input name="userName" id="userName" type="text"/> </li> <li><p>密 码:</p> <input name="loginPassword" id="loginPassword" type="password"/> </li></ul> <p><input name="" type="submit" value="登 录" class="loginrightbutton" /></p> </div> </div></form></body></html>在WEB-INF下建立文件夹xmlConfig,创建webConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 视图解释类 --> <bean id="viewResolver"class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"><property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/><property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/webPage/</value></property><property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property></bean></beans>在web.xml中添加配置文件
<!-- SpringMVC DispatcherServlet配置 --><servlet><servlet-name>spring</servlet-name><servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class><init-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/xmlConfig/webConfig.xml</param-value></init-param><load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup></servlet><!-- springmvc 请求后缀 --><servlet-mapping><servlet-name>spring</servlet-name><url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!-- 拦截所有以.do结尾的请求，交于DispatcherServlet处理 --></servlet-mapping>在src中建立com.user.action包，创建UserAction类
package com.user.action;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller//标明这是一个控制层类public class UserAction {@RequestMapping(value = "/toLogin.do")//响应index.jsp的登录请求public String login(ModelMap map){return "/Login";}}在webConfig里添加<!-- 自动扫描的包名 ,扫描控制层--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.user.action"></context:component-scan>运行项目，结果如下
点击登录，界面跳转
2.以上是SpringMVC一个简单环境的配置，接下来是数据库的连接，需要在lib下导入mysql的jar包，下面是做一个简单的登录功能，采用mysql数据库，建立如下包结构，有利于分层开发
在WEB-INF下建立文件夹properties，建立db.properties，保存数据库配置信息，配置的信息一定不要错了，这里是我事先建好的一个test数据库，在里面建了个user表，id,name,password三个字段
#myspring Mysql数据库配置driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverurl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testuser=rootpassword=123456在WEB-INF/xmlConfig文件夹下建立globalAppliacation.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"><!-- Activates scanning of @Service --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.user.service"/> <!-- Activates scanning of @Repository --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.user.dao"/><!-- 加载属性文件,分散配置解析 --><!-- ====================================================================================== --><context:property-placeholder location="/WEB-INF/properties/*.properties" /><!-- ====================================================================================== --><!-- 配置 数据源 连接池 c3p0 --><!-- ====================================================================================== --><!-- 读写数据源 --><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"destroy-method="close"><property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"></property><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"></property><property name="user" value="${user}"></property><property name="password" value="${password}"></property></bean><!-- 配置jdbc模板类jdbcTemplate --> <bean id="film-template" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> </beans> 在web.xml中加入如下代码<!-- ContextLoaderListener的作用就是启动Web容器时，自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息 --><listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener><!-- 加载配置文件 --><context-param><param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><param-value>/WEB-INF/xmlConfig/globalApplication.xml</param-value></context-param>在com.user.vo中建立类UserVo，这是一个实体类
package com.user.vo;public class UserVo {private int id;private String name;private String password;public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}}然后在com.user.dao中建立接口UserDaopackage com.user.dao;import com.user.vo.UserVo;public interface UserDao {public UserVo login(UserVo u);}在com.user.dao.impl中实现这个接口，类UserDaoImplpackage com.user.dao.impl;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.user.dao.UserDao;import com.user.vo.UserVo;@Repository("userDao")public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{@Autowired@Qualifier("film-template")//名字跟xml中配置的id要一致 /* 封装一个JdbcTemplate的模板对象 */ private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; /* 通过set方法注入进来即可 */ public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {return jdbcTemplate;}public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;}@Overridepublic UserVo login(UserVo u) {String sql="select * from user where name=? and password=?"; Object[] param = new Object[]{u.getName(),u.getPassword()};List<UserVo> la = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,param,new RowMapper<UserVo>() {public UserVo mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i)throws SQLException {UserVo vo = new UserVo();vo.setId(rs.getInt("id"));vo.setName(rs.getString("name"));vo.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));return vo;}});if(la!=null&&la.size()>0){return la.get(0);}else{return null;}}}接口类UserServicepackage com.user.service;import com.user.vo.UserVo;public interface UserService {public UserVo login(UserVo u);}实现类UserServiceImplpackage com.user.service.impl;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.user.dao.UserDao;import com.user.service.UserService;import com.user.vo.UserVo;@Service("userService")public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{@Autowired@Qualifier("userDao")private UserDao userDao;public UserDao getUserDao() {return userDao;}public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {this.userDao = userDao;}@Overridepublic UserVo login(UserVo u) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn userDao.login(u);}}在UserAction中新建一个方法package com.user.action;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import com.user.service.UserService;import com.user.vo.UserVo;@Controllerpublic class UserAction {@Autowired @Qualifier("userService")private UserService userService;public UserService getUserService() {return userService;}public void setUserService(UserService userService) {this.userService = userService;}UserVo u=new UserVo();@RequestMapping(value = "/toLogin.do", method = {RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST })public String login(ModelMap map,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{return "/Login";}@RequestMapping(value="/userLogin", method = {RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST })public String loginCheck(ModelMap map,HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{String name=request.getParameter("userName");//获取Login.jsp传送过来的参数String password=request.getParameter("loginPassword");u.setName(name);u.setPassword(password);UserVo vo=userService.login(u);//通过业务层实现对数据访问层的访问if(vo==null)return "/error";elseSystem.out.println(vo.getId());map.addAttribute("id",vo.getId());//向前台传送一个名字为id的参数，若能成功得到值，证明成功访问数据库return "/success";}}在webPage下建一个success.jsp，登录成功跳转到该界面<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body>成功,用户的ID为${id}</body></html>再建一个error.jsp，登录失败跳转到该界面<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body>失败！</body></html>
下面是数据库user表中的数据信息
输入用户名admin，密码123456.点击登录
获取参数用户ID是2，数据库连接成功，登录相当于一个查询操作，只要数据库能连通，其他删除，修改，添加操作都挺容易的
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