再谈 C# 交互窗口

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Ubuntu 10.10 操作系统中自带的是 mono 2.6.7:

ben@ben-m4000t:~$ cat /etc/issueUbuntu 10.10 \n \lben@ben-m4000t:~$ mono --versionMono JIT compiler version 2.6.7 (Debian 2.6.7-3ubuntu1)Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Novell, Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.comTLS:           __threadGC:            Included Boehm (with typed GC and Parallel Mark)SIGSEGV:       altstackNotifications: epollArchitecture:  amd64Disabled:      noneben@ben-m4000t:~$ gmcs --versionMono C# compiler version 2.6.7.0ben@ben-m4000t:~$ csharp --versionMono C# compiler version 2.1.0.0ben@ben-m4000t:~$ which csharp/usr/bin/csharpben@ben-m4000t:~$ cat /usr/bin/csharp#!/bin/shexec /usr/bin/mono $MONO_OPTIONS /usr/lib/mono/2.0/csharp.exe "$@"ben@ben-m4000t:~$ 

目前最新版本是 mono 2.8.1。因此,在 Ubuntu 10.10 操作系统中安装 mono 2.8.1 :

ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ wget http://ftp.novell.com/pub/mono/sources/mono/mono-2.8.1.tar.bz2ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ tar xjf mono-2.8.1.tar.bz2ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ rm mono-2.8.1.tar.bz2ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ cd mono-2.8.1ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-2.8.1ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ makeben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ sudo make install

然后看看安装后的效果:

ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ cd /opt/mono-2.8.1ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ ./mono --versionMono JIT compiler version 2.8.1 (tarball 2010年 12月 01日 星期三 08:50:53 CST)Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Novell, Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.comTLS:           __threadSIGSEGV:       altstackNotifications: epollArchitecture:  amd64Disabled:      noneMisc:          debugger softdebug LLVM:          supported, not enabled.GC:            Included Boehm (with typed GC and Parallel Mark)ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ ./dmcs --versionMono C# compiler version 2.8.1.0ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ ./csharp --versionMono C# compiler version 4.0.0.0ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ cat csharp#!/bin/shexec /opt/mono-2.8.1/bin/mono $MONO_OPTIONS /opt/mono-2.8.1/lib/mono/4.0/csharp.exe "$@"

然后把 Ubuntu 10.10 操作系统中的 /opt/mono-2.8.1/lib/mono/4.0/csharp.exe 文件拷贝到安装了 Microsoft .NET Framework 4 的 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition Service Pack2 操作系统中,运行 csharp.exe:

C:\bin\CsharpRepl> csharp未经处理的异常:  System.IO.FileNotFoundException: 未能加载文件或程序集“Mono.CSharp, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=0738eb9f132ed756”或它的某一个依赖项。系统找不到指定的文件。   在 Mono.Driver.Startup(String[] args)   在 Mono.Driver.Main(String[] args)

哎呀,运行出错了。还需要一个 Mono.CSharp.dll 才能运行。让我们来找出这个 Mono.CSharp.dll 吧:

ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ find . -name Mono.CSharp.dll./lib/mono/4.0/Mono.CSharp.dll./lib/mono/2.0/Mono.CSharp.dll./lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dll./lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/2.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dllben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ ll lib/mono/4.0/Mono.CSharp.dlllrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60 2010-12-01 09:07 lib/mono/4.0/Mono.CSharp.dll     -> ../gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dllben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ ll lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0*/Mono.CSharp.dll-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1105408 2010-12-01 09:07 lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dllben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ 

因此,把 Ubuntu 操作系统中上述 gac 目录中的 Mono.CSharp.dll 拷贝到 Windows 操作系统中,再次运行 csharp.exe :

C:\bin\CsharpRepl> dir 驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。 卷的序列号是 F0AA-2E0D C:\bin\CsharpRepl 的目录2010-12-01  10:13              .2010-12-01  10:13              ..2010-12-01  09:07            37,376 csharp.exe2010-12-01  09:07         1,105,408 Mono.CSharp.dll               2 个文件      1,142,784 字节               2 个目录  9,746,513,920 可用字节C:\bin\CsharpRepl> csharpC:\bin\CsharpRepl>

这次运行没有出错,而是直接退出了。这更糟糕了。只好找到 csharp.exe 的 C# 源程序看看发生了什么。

ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ cd ~/src/mono-2.8.1ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ find . -name csharp./mcs/tools/csharp./scripts/csharpben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ cd mcs/tools/csharpben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1/mcs/tools/csharp$ ll总计 56-rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben  2434 2010-11-12 18:32 ChangeLog-rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben    60 2010-11-12 18:24 csharp.exe.sources-rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 22963 2010-11-12 18:24 getline.cs-rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben   672 2010-11-12 18:24 Makefile-rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 16749 2010-11-12 18:24 repl.csben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1/mcs/tools/csharp$ 

上面的 repl.cs 就是 csharp.exe 的 C# 源程序之一,其中包含 Main 方法。下面是 repl.cs 的开头部分:

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//
// repl.cs: Support for using the compiler in interactive mode (read-eval-print loop)
//
// Authors:
//   Miguel de Icaza (miguel@gnome.org)
//
// Dual licensed under the terms of the MIT X11 or GNU GPL
//
// Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
// Copyright 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Novell, Inc
//
//
// TODO:
//   Do not print results in Evaluate, do that elsewhere in preparation for Eval refactoring.
//   Driver.PartialReset should not reset the coretypes, nor the optional types, to avoid
//      computing that on every call.
//
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Collections;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Threading;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
using Mono.CSharp;
 
namespace Mono {
 
    public class Driver {
         
        static int Main (string [] args)
        {
#if !ON_DOTNET
            if (args.Length > 0 && args [0] == "--attach") {
                new ClientCSharpShell (Int32.Parse (args [1])).Run (null);
                return 0;
            }
 
            if (args.Length > 0 && args [0].StartsWith ("--agent:")) {
                new CSharpAgent (args [0]);
                return 0;
            }
#endif
            return Startup(args);
        }
 
        static int Startup (string[] args)
        {
            string[] startup_files;
            try {
                startup_files = Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles (args);
                Evaluator.DescribeTypeExpressions = true;
                Evaluator.SetInteractiveBaseClass (typeof (InteractiveBaseShell));
            }catch {
                return 1;
            }
 
            return new CSharpShell ().Run (startup_files);
        }
    }
}

问题就出在第 52 行到第 65 行的 Startup 方法中。因此在该方法中增加一些 Debug 语句:

复制代码
代码
static int Startup (string[] args) { string[] startup_files; try { startup_files = Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles (args); Evaluator.DescribeTypeExpressions = true; Evaluator.SetInteractiveBaseClass (typeof (InteractiveBaseShell)); } catch (Exception ex) { // Begin Add by Ben (http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben) Console.WriteLine(ex); // End Add by Ben (Wed 2010-12-01) return 1; } return new CSharpShell ().Run (startup_files); }
复制代码

然后重新编译:

ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ makeben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ sudo make install

再将重新编译后的 csharp.exe 拷贝到 Windows 操作系统中运行:

C:\bin\CsharpRepl> csharpSystem.TypeLoadException: 重写成员“Mono.CSharp.StreamReportPrinter.Print(Mono.CSharp.AbstractMessage)”时违反了继承安全性规则。重写方法的安全可访问性必须与所重写方法的安全可访问性匹配。   在 Mono.CSharp.Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles(String[] args)   在 Mono.Driver.Startup(String[] args)C:\bin\CsharpRepl>

运行时出错信息如上所示。经查,Mono.CSharp 命名空间中的 StreamReportPrinter 类继承自同一命名空间中的 ReportPrinter 类,这两个类的源程序代码均在 src/mono-2.8.1/mcs/mcs/report.cs 文件中,该文件中的相关内容如下所示:

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namespace Mono.CSharp {
 
    //
    // Generic base for any message writer
    //
    public abstract class ReportPrinter {
        /// <summary> 
        ///   Whether to dump a stack trace on errors.
        /// </summary>
        public bool Stacktrace;
         
        int warnings, errors;
 
        public int WarningsCount {
            get {return warnings; }
        }
         
        public int ErrorsCount {
            get {return errors; }
        }
 
        protected virtual string FormatText (string txt)
        {
            return txt;
        }
 
        //
        // When (symbols related to previous ...) can be used
        //
        public virtual bool HasRelatedSymbolSupport {
            get {return true; }
        }
 
        public virtual void Print (AbstractMessage msg)
        {
            if (msg.IsWarning)
                ++warnings;
            else
                ++errors;
        }
 
        protected void Print (AbstractMessage msg, TextWriter output)
        {
            StringBuilder txt = new StringBuilder ();
            if (!msg.Location.IsNull) {
                txt.Append (msg.Location.ToString ());
                txt.Append (" ");
            }
 
            txt.AppendFormat ("{0} CS{1:0000}: {2}", msg.MessageType, msg.Code, msg.Text);
 
            if (!msg.IsWarning)
                output.WriteLine (FormatText (txt.ToString ()));
            else
                output.WriteLine (txt.ToString ());
 
            if (msg.RelatedSymbols != null) {
                foreach (string sin msg.RelatedSymbols)
                    output.WriteLine (s + msg.MessageType + ")");
            }
        }
    }
 
 
    class StreamReportPrinter : ReportPrinter
    {
        readonly TextWriter writer;
 
        public StreamReportPrinter (TextWriter writer)
        {
            this.writer = writer;
        }
 
        public override void Print (AbstractMessage msg)
        {
            Print (msg, writer);
            base.Print (msg);
        }
    }
 
}

从上面的源程序代码中,我看不出为什么在 Windows 操作系统中运行时会出现“重写成员 ... 时违反了继承安全性规则。重写方法的安全可访问性必须与所重写方法的安全可访问性匹配。”的错误。这个 csharp.exe 程序在 Linux 操作系统中运行是很正常的。

园子中的各位大侠有什么建议吗?请在评论中告诉我。谢谢!

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