stdio.h的说明

stdio 就是指 “standard input & output"（标准输入输出）。所以，源代码中如用到标准输入输出函数时，就要包含这个头文件！例如c语言中的 printf("%d",i); scanf("%d",&i);等函数。

引用方法

#include <stdio.h>（注：在TC2.0中，允许不引用此头文件而直接调用其中的函数，但这种做法是不标准的。也不建议这样做。

以避免出现在其他IDE中无法编译或执行的问题。）

标准函数

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int getchar()//从标准输入设备读入一个字符

int putchar()//向标准输出设备写出一个字符

int scanf(char*format[,argument…])//从标准输入设备读入格式化后的数据

int printf(char*format[,argument…])//向标准输出设备输出格式化字符串

char gets(char*string)//从标准输入设备读入一个字符串

int puts(char*string)//向标准输出设备输出一个字符串

int sprintf(char*string,char*format[,…])//把格式化的数据写入某个字符串缓冲区

4 文件内容






























































































































文件说明

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/*

*stdio.h

*ThisfilehasnocopyrightassignedandisplacedinthePublicDomain.

*Thisfileisapartofthemingw-runtimepackage.

*Nowarrantyisgiven;refertothefileDISCLAIMERwithinthepackage.

*

*Definitionsoftypesandprototypesoffunctionsforstandardinputand

*output.

*

*NOTE:ThefilemanipulationfunctionsprovidedbyMicrosoftseemto

*workwitheitherslash(/)orbackslash(\)asthedirectoryseparator.

*

*/




  宏定义

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#ifndef_STDIO_H_

#define_STDIO_H_

/*Alltheheadersincludethisfile.*/

#include<_mingw.h>

#ifndefRC_INVOKED

#define__need_size_t

#define__need_NULL

#define__need_wchar_t

#define__need_wint_t

#include<stddef.h>

#define__need___va_list

#include<stdarg.h>

#endif/*NotRC_INVOKED*/

/*Flagsfortheiobufstructure*/

#define_IOREAD1/*currentlyreading*/

#define_IOWRT2/*currentlywriting*/

#define_IORW0x0080/*openedas"r+w"*/

/*

*Thethreestandardfilepointersprovidedbytheruntimelibrary.

*NOTE:Thesewillgotothebit-bucketsilentlyinGUIapplications!

*/

#defineSTDIN_FILENO0

#defineSTDOUT_FILENO1

#defineSTDERR_FILENO2

/*Returnedbyvariousfunctionsonendoffileconditionorerror.*/

#defineEOF(-1)

/*

*Themaximumlengthofafilename.YoushoulduseGetVolumeInformation

*insteadofthisconstant.Buthey,thisworks.

*Alsodefinedinio.h.

*/

#ifndefFILENAME_MAX

#defineFILENAME_MAX(260)

#endif

/*

*Themaximumnumberoffilesthatmaybeopenatonce.Ihavesetthisto

*aconservativenumber.Theactualvaluemaybehigher.

*/

#defineFOPEN_MAX(20)

/*Aftercreatingthismanynames,tmpnamandtmpfilereturnNULL*/

#defineTMP_MAX32767

/*

*Tmpnam,tmpfileand,sometimes,_tempnamtrytocreate

*tempfilesintherootdirectoryofthecurrentdrive

*(notinpwd,assuggestedbysomeolderMSdoc's).

*RedefiningthesemacrosdoesnoteffecttheCRTfunctions.

*/

#define_P_tmpdir"\\"

#ifndef__STRICT_ANSI__

#defineP_tmpdir_P_tmpdir

#endif

#define_wP_tmpdirL"\\"

/*

*Themaximumsizeofname(includingNUL)thatwillbeputintheuser

*suppliedbuffercaNamefortmpnam.

*Inferredfromthesizeofthestaticbufferreturnedbytmpnam

*whenpassedaNULLargument.Mayactuallybesmaller.

*/

#defineL_tmpnam(16)

#define_IOFBF0x0000/*fullbuffered*/

#define_IOLBF0x0040/*linebuffered*/

#define_IONBF0x0004/*notbuffered*/

#define_IOMYBUF0x0008/*stdiomalloc()'dbuffer*/

#define_IOEOF0x0010/*EOFreachedonread*/

#define_IOERR0x0020/*I/Oerrorfromsystem*/

#define_IOSTRG0x0040/*Strangeornofiledescriptor*/

#ifdef_POSIX_SOURCE

#define_IOAPPEND0x0200

#endif

/*

*Thebuffersizeasusedbysetbufsuchthatitisequivalentto

*(void)setvbuf(fileSetBuffer,caBuffer,_IOFBF,BUFSIZ).

*/

#defineBUFSIZ512

/*ConstantsfornOriginindicatingthepositionrelativetowhichfseek

*setsthefileposition.Enclosedinifdefsbecauseio.hcouldalso

*definethem.(Thoughnotanymoresinceio.hincludesthisfilenow.)*/

#ifndefSEEK_SET

#defineSEEK_SET(0)

#endif

#ifndefSEEK_CUR

#defineSEEK_CUR(1)

#endif

#ifndefSEEK_END

#defineSEEK_END(2)

#endif

#ifndefRC_INVOKED

#ifndef__VALIST

#ifdef__GNUC__

#define__VALIST__gnuc_va_list

#else

#define__VALISTchar*

#endif

#endif/*defined__VALIST*/

/*

*ThestructureunderlyingtheFILEtype.

*

*Somebelievethatnobodyintheirrightmindshouldmakeuseofthe

*internalsofthisstructure.ProvidedbyPedroA.ArandaGutiirrez

*/

#ifndef_FILE_DEFINED

#define_FILE_DEFINED

  结构体定义

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typedefstruct_iobuf

{

char*_ptr;

int_cnt;

char*_base;

int_flag;

int_file;

int_charbuf;

int_bufsiz;

char*_tmpfname;

}FILE;

#endif/*Not_FILE_DEFINED*/

/*

*Thestandardfilehandles

*/

#ifndef__DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED

externFILE(*_imp___iob)[];/*ApointertoanarrayofFILE*/

#define_iob(*_imp___iob)/*AnarrayofFILE*/

#else/*__DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED*/

__MINGW_IMPORTFILE_iob[];/*AnarrayofFILEimportedfromDLL.*/

#endif/*__DECLSPEC_SUPPORTED*/

#definestdin(&_iob[STDIN_FILENO])

#definestdout(&_iob[STDOUT_FILENO])

#definestderr(&_iob[STDERR_FILENO])

  操作函数定义

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#ifdef__cplusplus

extern"C"{

#endif

/*

*FileOperations

*/

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdeclfopen(constchar*,constchar*);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdeclfreopen(constchar*,constchar*,FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfflush(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfclose(FILE*);

/*MSputsremove&rename(butnotwideversions)inio.halso*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclremove(constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclrename(constchar*,constchar*);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecltmpfile(void);

_CRTIMPchar*__cdecltmpnam(char*);

#ifndef__STRICT_ANSI__

_CRTIMPchar*__cdecl_tempnam(constchar*,constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_rmtmp(void);

#ifndefNO_OLDNAMES

_CRTIMPchar*__cdecltempnam(constchar*,constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclrmtmp(void);

#endif

#endif/*__STRICT_ANSI__*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclsetvbuf(FILE*,char*,int,size_t);

_CRTIMPvoid__cdeclsetbuf(FILE*,char*);

/*

*FormattedOutput

*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfprintf(FILE*,constchar*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclprintf(constchar*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclsprintf(char*,constchar*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_snprintf(char*,size_t,constchar*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclvfprintf(FILE*,constchar*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclvprintf(constchar*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclvsprintf(char*,constchar*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_vsnprintf(char*,size_t,constchar*,__VALIST);

#ifndef__NO_ISOCEXT/*externsinlibmingwex.a*/

int__cdeclsnprintf(char*s,size_tn,constchar*format,...);

__CRT_INLINEint__cdecl

vsnprintf(char*s,size_tn,constchar*format,__VALISTarg)

{return_vsnprintf(s,n,format,arg);}

int__cdeclvscanf(constchar*__restrict__,__VALIST);

int__cdeclvfscanf(FILE*__restrict__,constchar*__restrict__,

__VALIST);

int__cdeclvsscanf(constchar*__restrict__,

constchar*__restrict__,__VALIST);

#endif

/*

*FormattedInput

*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfscanf(FILE*,constchar*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclscanf(constchar*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclsscanf(constchar*,constchar*,...);

/*

*CharacterInputandOutputFunctions

*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfgetc(FILE*);

_CRTIMPchar*__cdeclfgets(char*,int,FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfputc(int,FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfputs(constchar*,FILE*);

_CRTIMPchar*__cdeclgets(char*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclputs(constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclungetc(int,FILE*);

/*Traditionally,getcandputcaredefinedasmacros.butthe

standarddoesn'tsaythattheymustbemacros.

Weuseinlinefunctionsheretoallowthefastversions

tobeusedinC++withnamespacequalification,eg.,::getc.

_filbufand_flsbufarenotthread-safe.*/

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_filbuf(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_flsbuf(int,FILE*);

#if!defined_MT

__CRT_INLINEint__cdeclgetc(FILE*__F)

{

return(--__F->_cnt>=0)

?(int)(unsignedchar)*__F->_ptr++

:_filbuf(__F);

}

__CRT_INLINEint__cdeclputc(int__c,FILE*__F)

{

return(--__F->_cnt>=0)

?(int)(unsignedchar)(*__F->_ptr++=(char)__c)

:_flsbuf(__c,__F);

}

__CRT_INLINEint__cdeclgetchar(void)

{

return(--stdin->_cnt>=0)

?(int)(unsignedchar)*stdin->_ptr++

:_filbuf(stdin);

}

__CRT_INLINEint__cdeclputchar(int__c)

{

return(--stdout->_cnt>=0)

?(int)(unsignedchar)(*stdout->_ptr++=(char)__c)

:_flsbuf(__c,stdout);}

#else/*Uselibraryfunctions.*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclgetc(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclputc(int,FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclgetchar(void);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclputchar(int);

#endif

/*

*DirectInputandOutputFunctions

*/

_CRTIMPsize_t__cdeclfread(void*,size_t,size_t,FILE*);

_CRTIMPsize_t__cdeclfwrite(constvoid*,size_t,size_t,FILE*);

/*

*FilePositioningFunctions

*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfseek(FILE*,long,int);

_CRTIMPlong__cdeclftell(FILE*);

_CRTIMPvoid__cdeclrewind(FILE*);

#ifdef__USE_MINGW_FSEEK/*Theseareinlibmingwex.a*/

/*

*Workaroundforlimitationsonwin9xwhereafilecontentsare

*notzero'doutifyouseekpasttheendandthenwrite.

*/

int__cdecl__mingw_fseek(FILE*,long,int);

int__cdecl__mingw_fwrite(constvoid*,size_t,size_t,FILE*);

#definefseek(fp,offset,whence)__mingw_fseek(fp,offset,whence)

#definefwrite(buffer,size,count,fp)__mingw_fwrite(buffer,size,count,fp)

#endif/*__USE_MINGW_FSEEK*/

/*

*Anopaquedatatypeusedforstoringfilepositions...Thecontentsof

*thistypeareunknown,butwe(thecompiler)needtoknowthesize

*becausetheprogrammerusingfgetposandfsetposwillbesettingaside

*storageforfpos_tstructres.ActuallyItestedusingabytearrayand

*itisfairlyevidentthatthefpos_ttypeisalong(inCRTDLL.DLL).

*Perhapsanunsignedlong?TODO?It'sdefinitelya64-bitnumberin

*MSVCRThowever,andfornow`longlong'willdo.

*/

#ifdef__MSVCRT__

typedeflonglongfpos_t;

#else

typedeflongfpos_t;

#endif

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfgetpos(FILE*,fpos_t*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfsetpos(FILE*,constfpos_t*);

/*

*ErrorFunctions

*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfeof(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclferror(FILE*);

#ifdef__cplusplus

inlineint__cdeclfeof(FILE*__F)

{return__F->_flag&_IOEOF;}

inlineint__cdeclferror(FILE*__F)

{return__F->_flag&_IOERR;}

#else

#definefeof(__F)((__F)->_flag&_IOEOF)

#defineferror(__F)((__F)->_flag&_IOERR)

#endif

_CRTIMPvoid__cdeclclearerr(FILE*);

_CRTIMPvoid__cdeclperror(constchar*);

#ifndef__STRICT_ANSI__

/*

*Pipes

*/

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_popen(constchar*,constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_pclose(FILE*);

#ifndefNO_OLDNAMES

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdeclpopen(constchar*,constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclpclose(FILE*);

#endif

/*

*OtherNonANSIfunctions

*/

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_flushall(void);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_fgetchar(void);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_fputchar(int);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_fdopen(int,constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_fileno(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_fcloseall(void);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_fsopen(constchar*,constchar*,int);

#ifdef__MSVCRT__

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_getmaxstdio(void);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_setmaxstdio(int);

#endif

#ifndef_NO_OLDNAMES

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfgetchar(void);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfputchar(int);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdeclfdopen(int,constchar*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfileno(FILE*);

#endif/*Not_NO_OLDNAMES*/

#define_fileno(__F)((__F)->_file)

#ifndef_NO_OLDNAMES

#definefileno(__F)((__F)->_file)

#endif

#ifdefined(__MSVCRT__)&&!defined(__NO_MINGW_LFS)

#include<sys/types.h>

__CRT_INLINEFILE*__cdeclfopen64(constchar*filename,constchar*mode)

{

returnfopen(filename,mode);

}

int__cdeclfseeko64(FILE*,off64_t,int);

#ifdef__USE_MINGW_FSEEK

int__cdecl__mingw_fseeko64(FILE*,off64_t,int);

#definefseeko64(fp,offset,whence)__mingw_fseeko64(fp,offset,whence)

#endif

__CRT_INLINEoff64_t__cdeclftello64(FILE*stream)

{

fpos_tpos;

if(fgetpos(stream,&pos))

return-1LL;

else

return((off64_t)pos);

}

#endif/*__NO_MINGW_LFS*/

#endif/*Not__STRICT_ANSI__*/

/*Wideversions*/

#ifndef_WSTDIO_DEFINED

/*alsoinwchar.h-keepinsync*/

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfwprintf(FILE*,constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclwprintf(constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclswprintf(wchar_t*,constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_snwprintf(wchar_t*,size_t,constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclvfwprintf(FILE*,constwchar_t*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclvwprintf(constwchar_t*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclvswprintf(wchar_t*,constwchar_t*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_vsnwprintf(wchar_t*,size_t,constwchar_t*,__VALIST);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfwscanf(FILE*,constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclwscanf(constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclswscanf(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*,...);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclfgetwc(FILE*);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclfputwc(wchar_t,FILE*);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclungetwc(wchar_t,FILE*);

#ifdef__MSVCRT__

_CRTIMPwchar_t*__cdeclfgetws(wchar_t*,int,FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclfputws(constwchar_t*,FILE*);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclgetwc(FILE*);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclgetwchar(void);

_CRTIMPwchar_t*__cdecl_getws(wchar_t*);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclputwc(wint_t,FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_putws(constwchar_t*);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclputwchar(wint_t);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_wfdopen(int,wchar_t*);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_wfopen(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_wfreopen(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*,FILE*);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_wfsopen(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*,int);

_CRTIMPwchar_t*__cdecl_wtmpnam(wchar_t*);

_CRTIMPwchar_t*__cdecl_wtempnam(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_wrename(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_wremove(constwchar_t*);

_CRTIMPvoid__cdecl_wperror(constwchar_t*);

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdecl_wpopen(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*);

#endif/*__MSVCRT__*/

#ifndef__NO_ISOCEXT/*externsinlibmingwex.a*/

int__cdeclsnwprintf(wchar_t*s,size_tn,constwchar_t*format,...);

__CRT_INLINEint__cdecl

vsnwprintf(wchar_t*s,size_tn,constwchar_t*format,__VALISTarg)

{return_vsnwprintf(s,n,format,arg);}

int__cdeclvwscanf(constwchar_t*__restrict__,__VALIST);

int__cdeclvfwscanf(FILE*__restrict__,

constwchar_t*__restrict__,__VALIST);

int__cdeclvswscanf(constwchar_t*__restrict__,

constwchar_t*__restrict__,__VALIST);

#endif

#define_WSTDIO_DEFINED

#endif/*_WSTDIO_DEFINED*/

#ifndef__STRICT_ANSI__

#ifdef__MSVCRT__

#ifndefNO_OLDNAMES

_CRTIMPFILE*__cdeclwpopen(constwchar_t*,constwchar_t*);

#endif/*notNO_OLDNAMES*/

#endif/*MSVCRTruntime*/

/*

*OtherNonANSIwidefunctions

*/

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdecl_fgetwchar(void);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdecl_fputwchar(wint_t);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_getw(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdecl_putw(int,FILE*);

#ifndef_NO_OLDNAMES

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclfgetwchar(void);

_CRTIMPwint_t__cdeclfputwchar(wint_t);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclgetw(FILE*);

_CRTIMPint__cdeclputw(int,FILE*);

#endif/*Not_NO_OLDNAMES*/

#endif/*__STRICT_ANSI*/

#ifdef__cplusplus

}

#endif

#endif/*NotRC_INVOKED*/

#endif/*_STDIO_H_*/

 

stdio.h所包含的函数：

 

文件访问

fopen

freopen

fflush

fclose

二进制输入/输出

fread

fwrite

非格式化输入/输出

fgetc/getc

fputc/putc

ungetc

fgets

fputs

格式化输入/输出

scanf/fscanf/sscanf

printf/fprintf/sprintf

perror

文件定位

ftell

fseek

fgetpos

fsetpos

rewind

错误处理

feof

ferror

文件操作

remove

rename

tmpfile