Object对象详解(二)之clone
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clone方法会返回该实例对象的一个副本,通常情况下x.clone() != x || x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass() || x.clone().equals(x)也为真,但不严格要求,我们可以通过重写该方法来覆盖。
protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;
可以看到,clone是一个本地方法,可能会抛出CloneNotSupportedException异常,什么情况下会抛出呢?
/** * A class implements the <code>Cloneable</code> interface to * indicate to the {@link java.lang.Object#clone()} method that it * is legal for that method to make a * field-for-field copy of instances of that class. * <p> * Invoking Object's clone method on an instance that does not implement the * <code>Cloneable</code> interface results in the exception * <code>CloneNotSupportedException</code> being thrown. * <p> * By convention, classes that implement this interface should override * <tt>Object.clone</tt> (which is protected) with a public method. * See {@link java.lang.Object#clone()} for details on overriding this * method. * <p> * Note that this interface does <i>not</i> contain the <tt>clone</tt> method. * Therefore, it is not possible to clone an object merely by virtue of the * fact that it implements this interface. Even if the clone method is invoked * reflectively, there is no guarantee that it will succeed. * * @author unascribed * @see java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException * @see java.lang.Object#clone() * @since JDK1.0 */public interface Cloneable {}
说明中写到,如果该对象未实现Cloneable 接口,那么当实例调用clone方法时,就会抛出该异常。
下面看Object中对于clone方法的描述。
/** * Creates and returns a copy of this object. The precise meaning * of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general * intent is that, for any object {@code x}, the expression: * <blockquote> * <pre> * x.clone() != x</pre></blockquote> * will be true, and that the expression: * <blockquote> * <pre> * x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()</pre></blockquote> * will be {@code true}, but these are not absolute requirements. * While it is typically the case that: * <blockquote> * <pre> * x.clone().equals(x)</pre></blockquote> * will be {@code true}, this is not an absolute requirement. * <p> * By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling * {@code super.clone}. If a class and all of its superclasses (except * {@code Object}) obey this convention, it will be the case that * {@code x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()}. * <p> * By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent * of this object (which is being cloned). To achieve this independence, * it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned * by {@code super.clone} before returning it. Typically, this means * copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure" * of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these * objects with references to the copies. If a class contains only * primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually * the case that no fields in the object returned by {@code super.clone} * need to be modified. * <p> * The method {@code clone} for class {@code Object} performs a * specific cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does * not implement the interface {@code Cloneable}, then a * {@code CloneNotSupportedException} is thrown. Note that all arrays * are considered to implement the interface {@code Cloneable} and that * the return type of the {@code clone} method of an array type {@code T[]} * is {@code T[]} where T is any reference or primitive type. * Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this * object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of * the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the * contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method * performs a "shallow copy" of this object, not a "deep copy" operation. * <p> * The class {@code Object} does not itself implement the interface * {@code Cloneable}, so calling the {@code clone} method on an object * whose class is {@code Object} will result in throwing an * exception at run time. * * @return a clone of this instance. * @exception CloneNotSupportedException if the object's class does not * support the {@code Cloneable} interface. Subclasses * that override the {@code clone} method can also * throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot * be cloned. * @see java.lang.Cloneable */ protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;
其中提到的重写clone方法的几个注意点
1. 数组视为自动实现了Cloneable接口;
2. 非数组类型,使用clone方法,需要实现Cloneable接口,否则会抛出异常;
3. 非数组类型,克隆时,会新创建一个该类型的实例,并将被克隆对象实例的状态复制给新创建对象,并且这是一个浅克隆-(影子克隆——shallow copy),而不是deep copy;
4. 重写clone方法时,首先首先首先需要调用父类的clone方法。
那么问题来了,什么是shallow copy?而deep copy又是什么?
上例子:
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException { People people = new People("zjh", '男', 21, new Cloth(COLOR.WHITE , "XXL")); People clone = (People) people.clone(); System.out.println("people == clone : " + (people == clone)); System.out.println("people.getCloth() == clone.getCloth() : "+ (people.getCloth() == clone.getCloth())); System.out.println("people.getAge() == clone.getAge() : "+(people.getAge() == clone.getAge())); System.out.println("people.getName() == clone.getName() : "+(people.getName() == clone.getName())); }}class People implements Cloneable{ private String name; private char sex; private int age; private Cloth cloth; /** * {@inheritDoc}. */ @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return super.clone(); } ...若干getter/setter方法 }class Cloth{ private COLOR color; private String size; /** * 构造函数. * * @param color * @param size */ public Cloth(COLOR color, String size) { super(); this.color = color; this.size = size; } enum COLOR { RED,WHITE,BLACK,GREEN,BLUE }}
运行结果:
people == clone : false
people.getCloth() == clone.getCloth() : true
people.getSex() == clone.getSex() : true
people.getName() == clone.getName() : true
age,sex,name比较为真还能理解,为什么people.getCloth() == clone.getCloth() 也是true呢?又做了下面的测试。
people.getCloth().setColor(COLOR.BLACK); System.out.println(clone.getCloth().getColor());
运行结果:
BLACK
现在已经能确定,people和它的克隆对象clone中的cloth引用指向了同一个Cloth实例。这就是“shallow copy”。那么想要“deep copy”,那么就需要在重写方法的时候,同时调用对象属性的克隆方法(要求该属性对象也需要实现Cloneable)。
clone方法修改如下:
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub People clone = (People) super.clone(); clone.setCloth((Cloth)cloth.clone()); return clone; }
再运行上面的测试程序:
people == clone : false
people.getCloth() == clone.getCloth() : false
people.getAge() == clone.getAge() : true
people.getSex() == clone.getSex() : true
people.getName() == clone.getName() : true
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