Swift语法——Swift Sequences 探究

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今天看到Array 的API中有这么一个声明的函数:

    mutating func extend<S : SequenceType where T == T>(newElements: S)

函数名为extend, 所需参数是S类型的newElements, 而S首先要实现SequenceType协议。那SequenceType到底是什么呢?

官方对SequenceType的声明API如下:

protocol SequenceType : _Sequence_Type {    /// A type that provides the *sequence*\ 's iteration interface and    /// encapsulates its iteration state.    typealias Generator : GeneratorType    /// Return a *generator* over the elements of this *sequence*.    ///    /// Complexity: O(1)    func generate() -> Generator}

里面需要实现一个函数generate(),返回了一个GeneratorType类型,GeneratorType又是什么呢?看看APT

protocol GeneratorType {    /// The type of element generated by `self`.    typealias Element    /// Advance to the next element and return it, or `nil` if no next    /// element exists.    ///    /// Requires: `next()` has not been applied to a copy of `self`    /// since the copy was made, and no preceding call to `self.next()`    /// has returned `nil`.  Specific implementations of this protocol    /// are encouraged to respond to violations of this requirement by    /// calling `preconditionFailure("...")`.    mutating func next() -> Element?}

GeneratorType必须要实现一个函数next(),它的作用就是返回一个Element,注释里说的很清楚:它的作用就是一直返回元素,直到最后。

具体怎么用呢,咱们从for...in...来了解下:


首先让我们先来看一下常见的这个遍历方法:

for x in mySequence {    // iterations here}

而Swift实际上是按照下面这个方法来实现的:

var __g: Generator = mySequence.generate()while let x = __g.next() {    // iterations here}

这是什么意思呢?

1)Swift调用generate()来生成了一个Generator,这个对象是 一个私有的变量即__g;

2) __g调用了next()函数,返回了一个optional类型对象element?。这个对象element被解包后赋值给了x;

3)通过next()函数一直来获取下一个元素,直到为nil停止。


所以,要实现Sequence必须要先有一个Generator。如下面的例子是对数组进行倒序索引:

1) 先声明继承与GeneratorType的类,实现Element和next()

///GeneratorTypeclass CountdownGenerator: GeneratorType {    typealias Element = Int        var element: Element        init<T>(array: [T]){        self.element = array.count - 1    }        func next() -> Element? {        return self.element < 0 ? nil : element--    }}
2)完成继承于SequenceType的类,实现Generator和generate()

class ReverseSequence<T>: SequenceType {    typealias Generator = CountdownGenerator        var array: [T]        init(array: [T]){        self.array = array    }        func generate() -> Generator {        return CountdownGenerator(array: array)    }}

3)使用:

        let array = ["a", "b", "c"]                for i in ReverseSequence(array: array){            println("索引\(i)的值是:\(array[i])")        }

结果:

索引2的值是:c索引1的值是:b索引0的值是:a


参考资料:http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000002464158

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