9.Python基础 面向对象的进一步拓展

vamei前辈的博客讲解的很详细，博客下面的讨论给人以启发：

http://www.cnblogs.com/vamei/archive/2012/06/02/2532018.html

讲解了类的__init__()函数，相当于c++的构造函数，讲解了类的属性和对象的性质的区别(看着像c++中类的静态属性和普通属性间的区别)：

#!/usr/bin/python'''class Human(object):    joker = 'It\'t me'    def show_joker(self):        print (self.joker)  #self相当于c++中的this指针，只是这里要显示表示    def joker_10th(self):        for i in range(10):            self.show_joker()man = Human()man.show_joker()man.joker_10th()'''class Bird(object):    have_feather = True    huge = 'big or small'class HappyBird(Bird):    def __init__(self, more_words):   #在构造对象的时候会调用__init__()函数        print ('We are happy birds,', more_words)  #相当于c++中的构造函数summer = HappyBird('happy!happy!')'''class Human(object):    joker = 'It\'s me'  #类属性，不分私有公有？都是公有？    def __init__(self, input_gender):        self.gender = input_gender  #gender对象性质    def printGender(self):        print (self.gender)li_lei = Human('male')li_lei.printGender()print (li_lei.joker)print (li_lei.gender)'''class Human(object):  #和上面有什么区别呢？    joker = 'It\'s me'  #类属性，不分私有公有？都是公有？    age = 5  #整型、字符串等相当于一个平常的属性    grade = 2    name = ['zhang', 'san']  #list列表相当于一个类的静态属性    def __init__(self, input_gender, input_name):        self.gender = input_gender  #gender对象性质        self.tempName = input_name  #而此时并不知道tempName为一个列表，估计它会像整型一样处理    def printGender(self):        print (self.gender)li_lei = Human('male', ['li', 'lei'])han_mm = Human('female', ['han', 'mm'])li_lei.age = 6li_lei.grade = 6han_mm.age = 8han_mm.grade = 8li_lei.name[0] = 'li'han_mm.name[1] = 'mm'li_lei.printGender()han_mm.printGender()print ('li_lei:age =', li_lei.age, ',grade =', li_lei.grade,\       'name =', li_lei.name, 'temName =', li_lei.tempName)#li_lei:age = 6 ,grade = 6 name = ['li', 'mm'] temName = ['li', 'lei']print ('han_mm:age =', han_mm.age, 'grade =', han_mm.grade,\       'name =', han_mm.name, 'tempName =', han_mm.tempName)#han_mm:age = 8 grade = 8 name = ['li', 'mm'] tempName = ['han', 'mm']print (Human('male', ['li', 'lei']).name) #['li', 'mm']li_lei.tempName[0] = 'xx'  han_mm.tempName[1] = 'yy'  print (li_lei.tempName)  #['xx', 'lei']print (han_mm.tempName)  #['han', 'yy']print (li_lei.__class__.__dict__)'''{'__init__': <function Human.__init__ at 0x02426CD8>, '__doc__': None,'age': 5, 'grade': 2, 'name': ['li', 'mm'], '__dict__':    <attribute '__dict__' of 'Human' objects>, '__module__': '__main__',    '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Human' objects>,    'printGender': <function Human.printGender at 0x02426D20>,    'joker': "It's me"}'''print (han_mm.__dict__)#{'gender': 'female', 'tempName': ['han', 'yy'], 'grade': 8, 'age': 8}class man(Human):    hello = 'xx'xiao_li = man('male', 'xiao_li')xiao_li.printGender()  #maleprint (xiao_li.tempName)  #xiao_li

</pre><pre name="code" class="python">

输出结果：

We are happy birds, happy!happy!
male
female
li_lei:age = 6 ,grade = 6 name = ['li', 'mm'] temName = ['li', 'lei']
han_mm:age = 8 grade = 8 name = ['li', 'mm'] tempName = ['han', 'mm']
['li', 'mm']
['xx', 'lei']
['han', 'yy']
{'joker': "It's me", '__module__': '__main__', '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'Human' objects>, '__doc__': None, 'printGender': <function Human.printGender at 0x023D0228>, 'grade': 2, '__init__': <function Human.__init__ at 0x023B1618>, 'name': ['li', 'mm'], 'age': 5, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'Human' objects>}
{'grade': 8, 'age': 8, 'tempName': ['han', 'yy'], 'gender': 'female'}
male
xiao_li