Linux操作系统下SAMBA服务的搭建过程

来源：互联网发布：linux中telnet 用法编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/09 14:53

本文档只是介绍SAMBA的最简单搭建过程，目的是有助于快速搭建，入门；

（/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart）

（对文件的读写权限：chmod a+w 文件夹名）

一、概念及原理

（一）概念

SAMBA：Send Message Block

局域网上共享文件和打印机的一种协议，能够使Unix与Windows系统之间进行共享服务，使Windows能够采用“网上邻居”进行访问Unix主机；

（二）工作原理

让NETBIOS和SMA这两个协议运行于TCP/IP通信协议之上，并且使用Windows的NETBEUI协议让LINUX可以在网络邻居上被Windows看到；

SAMBA基于的两个Deamon：

（三）相关守护进程

1、SAMBA：设置共享目录、打印机等；

2、numbed：管理群组、NetBIOS Name等解析工作；

二、具体搭建

当然开始要查看系统中是否已经安装SAMBA相关包，如没有想折安装即可（光盘或者下载源码编译安装），本搭建是基于FC5中自带的SAMBA；

主配置文件：

/etc/samba/smb.conf

#=================== Global Settings===============

[global]部分设置，主要就是下列几项，其余可以保持不变，当然你要比较复杂高级的功能服务的话，那就另当别论了；

# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name

workgroup = MSHOME #主机所属工作组名称

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

server string = Samba Server #SAMBA服务器主机的注释，可选，但是建议还是留着，而且尽量写的详细准确，有助于识别；

# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See security_level.txt for details.

security = share #安全模式，由于是共享目录，所以用share；

#==================== Share Definitions ==========

共享部分设置其它保存不动，直接在最后面添加你要共享的目录即可，同时要注意其访问权限；

[nfs]

path = /var/nfs

public = yes

writable = yes

/var/nfs目录对所有用户都可读可写；

四、启动服务

通过以上简单的设置，重启服务后，即可在Windows下在网上邻居中进行访问；

在FC5下，服务名为smb及nmb，启动smb时自动将nmb也启动；

五、注意事项

1、防火墙问题

2、确保共享目录的访问权限

3、通过网上邻居访问相应共享目录前，必须确保目录在服务器上存在。

范本：vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too

# many!) most of which are not shown in this example

# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)

# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #

# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you

# may wish to enable

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"

# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.

#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]

# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name

workgroup = WORKGROUP

netbios name = rayman_linux

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

server string =Linux Samba Server TestServer

# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict

# connections to machines which are on your local network. The

# following example restricts access to two C class networks and

# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see

# the smb.conf man page

; hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127.

# if you want to automatically load your printer list rather

# than setting them up individually then you'll need this

printcap name = /etc/printcap

load printers = yes

# It should not be necessary to spell out the print system type unless

# yours is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:

# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx, cups

printing = cups

# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd

# otherwise the user "nobody" is used

guest account = detack

# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).

max log size = 0

# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See

# security_level.txt for details.

security = share

# Use password server option only with security = server

# The argument list may include:

# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]

# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s

# password server = *

; password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# Password Level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for

# all combinations of upper and lower case.

; password level = 8

; username level = 8

# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read

# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.

# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents

encrypt passwords = yes

smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd

# The following is needed to keep smbclient from spouting spurious errors

# when Samba is built with support for SSL.

; ssl CA certFile = /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt

# The following are needed to allow password changing from Windows to

# update the Linux system password also.

# NOTE: Use these with 'encrypt passwords' and 'smb passwd file' above.

# NOTE2: You do NOT need these to allow workstations to change only

# the encrypted SMB passwords. They allow the Unix password

# to be kept in sync with the SMB password.

unix password sync = Yes

passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

passwd chat = *New*password* %n/n *Retype*new*password* %n/n *passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*

# You can use PAM's password change control flag for Samba. If

# enabled, then PAM will be used for password changes when requested

# by an SMB client instead of the program listed in passwd program.

# It should be possible to enable this without changing your passwd

# chat parameter for most setups.

pam password change = yes

# Unix users can map to different SMB User names

; username map = /etc/samba/smbusers

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

; include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m

# This parameter will control whether or not Samba should obey PAM's

# account and session management directives. The default behavior is

# to use PAM for clear text authentication only and to ignore any

# account or session management. Note that Samba always ignores PAM

# for authentication in the case of encrypt passwords = yes

obey pam restrictions = yes

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.

# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details

socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces

# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them

# here. See the man page for details.

; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24

# Configure remote browse list synchronisation here

# request announcement to, or browse list sync from:

# a specific host or from / to a whole subnet (see below)

; remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255

# Cause this host to announce itself to local subnets here

; remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44

# Browser Control Options:

# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master

# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply

; local master = no

# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser

# elections. The default value should be reasonable

; os level = 33

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This

# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this

# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job

; domain master = yes

# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup

# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election

; preferred master = yes

# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for

# Windows95 workstations.

; domain logons = yes

# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or

# per user logon script

# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)

; logon script = %m.bat

# run a specific logon batch file per username

; logon script = %U.bat

# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)

# %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username

# You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below

; logon path = //%L/Profiles/%U

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server

; wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

; wins server = w.x.y.z

# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on

# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be

# at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.

; wins proxy = yes

# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names

# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,

# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.

dns proxy = no

# Case Preservation can be handy - system default is _no_

# NOTE: These can be set on a per share basis

; preserve case = no

; short preserve case = no

# Default case is normally upper case for all DOS files

; default case = lower

# Be very careful with case sensitivity - it can break things!

; case sensitive = no

#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

[homes]

comment = Home Directories

browseable = no

writable = yes

valid users = %S

create mode = 0664

directory mode = 0775

# If you want users samba doesn't recognize to be mapped to a guest user

; map to guest = bad user

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

; [netlogon]

; comment = Network Logon Service

; path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon

; guest ok = yes

; writable = no

; share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share

# the default is to use the user's home directory

;[Profiles]

; path = /usr/local/samba/profiles

; browseable = no

; guest ok = yes

# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to

# specifically define each individual printer

[printers]

comment = All Printers

path = /var/spool/samba

browseable = no

# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print

guest ok = no

writable = no

printable = yes

# This one is useful for people to share files

;[tmp]

; comment = Temporary file space

; path = /tmp

; read only = no

; public = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in

# the "staff" group

;[public]

; comment = Public Stuff

; path = /home/samba

; public = yes

; writable = yes

; printable = no

; write list = @staff

# Other examples.

# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's

# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,

# wherever it is.

;[fredsprn]

; comment = Fred's Printer

; valid users = fred

; path = /home/fred

; printer = freds_printer

; public = no

; writable = no

; printable = yes

# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write

# access to the directory.

;[fredsdir]

; comment = Fred's Service

; path = /usr/somewhere/private

; valid users = fred

; public = no

; writable = yes

; printable = no

# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects

# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could

# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.

# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.

;[pchome]

; comment = PC Directories

; path = /usr/local/pc/%m

; public = no

; writable = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files

# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so

# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this

# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course

# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.

[public]

path = /home/detack/app/tomcat

public = yes

browseable = yes

writable = yes

printable = no

guest ok = yes

# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two

# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this

# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the

# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to

# as many users as required.

;[myshare]

; comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff

; path = /usr/somewhere/shared

; valid users = mary fred

; public = no

; writable = yes

; printable = no

; create mask = 0765