java ------ IO(从基础到加强)

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IO基础到加强

基础篇

一、一些基础知识概念

1、文件的逻辑结构

流式文件

记录式文件

2、文件的存取方法

顺序存取

随机存取

3、文件的使用

操作接口

应用程序接口

4、流的定义和作用

流的定义、方向性和读/写操作

流采用缓冲区技术

流的作用:简单的说就是控制文件的输入和输出

5、流的存在


通过这个图,就可以很好的理解输入流和输出流,它们的命名是以程序为参展点,写进程序来,就是要用输入流,写出程序(写到文件中)就是要用输出流。


二、输入、输出流

主要分为两大类:字节流和字符流

1、字节流

(1)InputStream 抽象字节输入流类

public abstract class InputStream extends Object implements Closeable {    public abstract int read() throws IOException;   //返回读取的一个字节,抽象方法    public int read(byte[] b) throws IOException  //从输入流中读取若干字节到指定缓冲区,返回实际读取的字节数    public void close() throws IOException {}       //关闭输入流,空方法}

a、文件字节输入流  FileInputSream类

public class FileInputStream extends InputStream{    public FileInputStream(String name) throws   FileNotFoundException    public FileInputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException }

b、数据字节输入流  DataInputStream

public class DataInputStream extends FilterInputStream implements DataInput {    public DataInputStream(InputStream in)             //构造方法    public final short readShort() throws IOException     public final byte readByte() throws IOException     public final int readInt() throws IOException      //读取整型    public final long readLong() throws IOException     public final float readFloat() throws IOException     public final double readDouble() throws IOException     public final char readChar() throws IOException //读取字符    public final boolean readBoolean() throws IOException }
c、对象字节输入流 ObjectInputStream类

public class ObjectInputStream extends InputStream implements ObjectInput, ObjectStreamConstants{    public ObjectInputStream(InputStream in) throws IOException           //构造方法    public final Object readObject() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException //读取一个对象}

(2)OuputStream 抽象字节输出流类

public abstract class OutputStream extends Object implements Closeable, Flushable {    public abstract void write(int b) throws IOException;  //写入一个字节,抽象方法    public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException     //将缓冲区中的若干字节写入输出流    public void flush() throws IOException {}         //立即传输    public void close() throws IOException {}         //关闭输出流,空方法}

a、文件字节输出流 FileOutputStream类

public class FileOutputStream extends OutputStream{    public FileOutputStream(String name)  throws FileNotFoundException    public FileOutputStream(File file) throws FileNotFoundException    public FileOutputStream(String name, boolean append) throws FileNotFoundException}

b、数据字节输出流 DataOutputStream类

public class DataOutputStream extends FilterOutputStream implements DataOutput {    public DataOutputStream(OutputStream out)              //构造方法    public final void writeByte(int v) throws IOException     public final void writeShort(int v) throws IOException     public final void writeInt(int v) throws IOException     //写入一个整型    public final void writeLong(long v) throws IOException     public final void writeFloat(float v) throws IOException     public final void writeDouble(double v) throws IOException     public final void writeChar(int v) throws IOException  //写入一个字符    public final void writeBoolean(boolean v) throws IOException     public final void writeChars(String s) throws IOException  //写入一个字符串    public final int size()                                //返回实际写入的字节数}
c、对象字节输出流 ObjectOutputStream类

public class ObjectOutputStream extends OutputStream implements ObjectOutput, ObjectStreamConstants{    public ObjectOutputStream(OutputStream out) throws IOException //构造方法    public final void writeObject(Object obj) throws IOException    //写入一个对象}

(3)管道字节流


a、PipedInputStream类
b、PipedOutputStream类

PipedInputStream in = new PipedInputStream();try{    PipedOutputStream out= new PipedOutputStream(in);}catch(IOException ioe)  {}
用这个做发牌器就很方便:

2、字符流

(1)抽象字符流

a、Reader类

public abstract class Reader extends Object implements Readable, Closeable {    public int read() throws IOException     public int read(char cbuf[]) throws IOException     abstract public int read(char cbuf[], int off, int len) throws IOException;    abstract public void close() throws IOException;}
b、Writer类

public abstract class Writer implements Appendable, Closeable, Flushable {    public void write(int c) throws IOException    public void write(char[] cbuf)  throws IOException    public void write(String str)  throws IOException            //将字符串写入输出流    public Writer append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException     public Writer append(char c) throws IOException     public abstract void flush()  throws IOException             //将缓冲区内容写入输出流    public abstract void close() throws IOException }
(2)文件字符流

a、FileReader类

public class FileReader extends InputStreamReader {    public FileReader(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException    //构造方法    public FileReader(File file) throws FileNotFoundException}
b、 FileWriter类

public class FileWriter extends OutputStreamWriter{    public FileWriter(String fileName) throws IOException             //构造方法    public FileWriter(String fileName, boolean append) throws IOException    public FileWriter(File file) throws IOException    public FileWriter(File file, boolean append) throws IOException }

(3)缓冲字符流

a、BufferedReader类

public class BufferedReader extends Reader{    public BufferedReader(Reader in)                      //构造方法    public String readLine() throws IOException    //读取一行字符串,输入流结束时返回null}

b、BufferedWriter类

public class BufferedWriter extends Writer{    public BufferedWriter(Writer out)                    //构造方法    public BufferedWriter(Writer out, int sz)   //sz指定字符缓冲区长度    public void newLine() throws IOException      //写入一个换行符}

3、文件操作

(1)文件操作类

a、File类的构造方法

public class File extends Object implements Serializable, Comparable<File>{    public File(String pathname)     public File(String parent, String child)    public File(File parent, String child)}
例如:

File file = new File("myfile.txt"); File dir = new File(".",""); //创建一个目录文件对象,表示当前目录 File dir = new File("C:",""); 
b、File类提供的方法
public String getName() //返回文件名,不包含路径名public String getPath() //返回相对路径名,包含文件名public String getAbsolutePath() //返回绝对路径名,包含文件名public String getParent() //返回父文件对象的路径名public File getParentFile()   //返回父文件对象

(2)文件过滤器接口

a、FileFilter和FilenameFilter接口

public interface FileFilter{     public boolean accept(File pathname)}public interface FilenameFilter{    public boolean accept(File dir, String name)}
b、获得文件列表时使用过滤器

public String[] list(FilenameFilter filter) //过滤显示文件清单public File[] listFiles(FilenameFilter filter)public File[] listFiles(FileFilter filter)
(3)文件对话框组件

a、JFileChooser类

public class JFileChooser extends JComponent implements Accessible {    public static final int APPROVE_OPTION = 0; //单击“打开”或“保存”按钮    public static final int CANCEL_OPTION = 1;   //单击“撤消”按钮    public static final int ERROR_OPTION = -1;    //出错    public JFileChooser()     public JFileChooser(String currentDirectoryPath)    //初始路径    public JFileChooser(File currentDirectory)     public void setFileFilter(FileFilter filter)            //设置文件过滤器    public int showOpenDialog(Component parent) throws HeadlessException //显示打开文件对话框    public int showSaveDialog(Component parent) throws HeadlessException //显示保存文件对话框    public File getSelectedFile()                       //返回选中文件}
b、JFileChooser的文件过滤器

public abstract class FileFilter extends Object{    public abstract boolean accept(File f)             //过滤操作,f指定待过滤文件    public abstract String getDescription()            //文件类型描述字符串}

ex

import java.io.File;import java.io.FilenameFilter;import javax.swing.JFileChooser;import javax.swing.JFrame;public class DirFilter implements FilenameFilter{ //2private String prefix="";private String extension="";public DirFilter(String filterstr, File dir) {filterstr = filterstr.toLowerCase();//取前缀int i= filterstr.indexOf('*');if(i>0){this.prefix = filterstr.substring(0,i);}//取后缀int j= filterstr.lastIndexOf('.');this.extension = filterstr.substring(j+1);if(this.extension.equals("*")){this.extension="";}System.out.println(dir.getAbsolutePath()+"目录中,"+"的文件如下:");String fileNames[] = dir.list(this); //1for(String fName:fileNames){System.out.println(fName);}}public static void main(String[] args) {new DirFilter("*.Java",new File(".","src/cn/hncu/inOut/p29"));JFileChooser jf = new JFileChooser();jf.showOpenDialog( new JFrame() );}public boolean accept(File dir, String fileName) {fileName = fileName.toLowerCase();return  fileName.startsWith(this.prefix) && fileName.endsWith(extension);}}


(4)随机存取文件类

public class RandomAccessFile extends Object implements DataOutput, DataInput, Closeable {    public RandomAccessFile(String name, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException    public RandomAccessFile(File file, String mode) throws FileNotFoundException   public final int readInt() throws IOException            //读一个整数类型值,当读到文件尾时,抛出EOFException异常    public final void writeInt(int v) throws IOException    //写入一个整型值    public long length() throws IOException             //返回文件长度    public long getFilePointer() throws IOException  //获取文件指针位置    public void seek(long pos) throws IOException   //设置文件指针位置   public void close() throws IOException             //关闭文件} 

4、各种输入/输出流及其读/写方法



数据字节流ex

import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;public class MyDataInOutputStream {public static void main(String[] args) {//writeToFile();readFromFile();}private static void writeToFile() {OutputStream fout = null;DataOutputStream dout = null;try {fout = new FileOutputStream("d:\\ex\\a\\a.txt");//目录必须已存在dout = new DataOutputStream(fout);for(int i=1;i<=100;i++){dout.writeInt(i);}} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}catch (Exception e) {}finally{try {fout.close();dout.close();} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("文件无法关闭");}}}private static void readFromFile() {FileInputStream fin = null;DataInputStream din = null;try {fin = new FileInputStream("d:\\ex\\a\\a.txt");din = new DataInputStream(fin);while(din.available()>0){System.out.print( din.readInt() +" ");}System.out.println();} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}catch (Exception e) {}finally{try {fin.close();din.close();} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("文件无法关闭");}}}}

对象字节流ex

import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;public class MyObjectOutputStream extends ObjectOutputStream {//定义成静态的好处private static File f;public static  MyObjectOutputStream newInstance(File file, OutputStream out)throws IOException {f = file;//本方法最重要的地方:构建文件对象,是两个文件对象属于同一个return new MyObjectOutputStream(out, f);}@Overrideprotected void writeStreamHeader() throws IOException {if (!f.exists() || (f.exists() && f.length() == 0)) {super.writeStreamHeader();} else {super.reset();}}public MyObjectOutputStream(OutputStream out, File f) throws IOException {super(out);}}


文件字节流ex

import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;public class MyFileInOutputStream {public static void main(String[] args) {//readFromFile();writeToFile();}private static void readFromFile() {byte buffer[] = new byte[512];int num=0;        try {FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("D:\\ex\\a\\a.txt");num = in.read(buffer);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}        for(int i=0;i<num;i++){        //System.out.print(buffer[i]+" ");        System.out.print((char)buffer[i]+" ");        }        //System.out.println();}    private static void writeToFile(){    try {//FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("d:/ex/a/b.dat");//覆盖    FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("d:/ex/a/b.dat",true);//追加byte[] buffer = {13,10,97,98,99,100,101,102,49,55};out.write(buffer);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}    }}


管道字节流(模拟发牌器)ex

import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PipedInputStream;import java.io.PipedOutputStream;public class SendCard {PipedInputStream[] in;PipedOutputStream[] out;int data[][]; //data[n][max/n],保存n个接收线程分别保存的牌public SendCard(int max, int n) throws IOException{in = new PipedInputStream[n];out = new PipedOutputStream[n];for(int i=0;i<n;i++){in[i] = new PipedInputStream();out[i] = new PipedOutputStream(in[i]);}Sender s = new Sender(out,max);s.start();data = new int[n][max/n];for(int i=0; i<n; i++){new Receiver(in[i],data[i]).start();}}public void print(){System.out.println();for(int i=0;i<data.length; i++){System.out.print("Receiver"+(i+1)+": ");for(int j=0; j<data[i].length; j++){System.out.print(data[i][j]+" ");}System.out.println();}}public static void main(String[] args) {try {SendCard sc = new SendCard(52,4);Thread.sleep(1);sc.print();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
结果:Sender:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 
Receiver1: 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 
Receiver2: 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 
Receiver3: 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 
Receiver4: 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 

文件拷贝ex

import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;public class FileCopyStream {public static void main(String[] args) {//fileCopy0("b.dat","d:/ex/a/","d:/ex/b/");//fileCopy1("b.dat","d:/ex/a/","d:/ex/b/");//fileCopy2("b.dat","d:/ex/a/","d:/ex/b/");fileCopy3("1.mp3","d:/ex/a/","d:/ex/b/");//fileCopy3("c.mp3","d:/ex/a/","d:/ex/b/");//fileCopy3("d.txt","d:/ex/a/","d:/ex/b/");}private static void fileCopy0(String fileName, String dir1,String dir2){try {FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(dir1+fileName);FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(dir2+fileName);byte[] buffer = new byte[512];in.read(buffer);out.write(buffer);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {}}//学习关流private static void fileCopy1(String fileName, String dir1,String dir2){FileInputStream in = null;FileOutputStream out = null;try {in = new FileInputStream(dir1+fileName);out = new FileOutputStream(dir2+fileName);byte[] buffer = new byte[512];in.read(buffer);out.write(buffer);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {}finally{try {in.close();out.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("文件无法关闭");}}}//能够拷贝大文件private static void fileCopy2(String fileName, String dir1,String dir2){FileInputStream in = null;FileOutputStream out = null;try {in = new FileInputStream(dir1+fileName);out = new FileOutputStream(dir2+fileName);byte[] buffer = new byte[512];int num = 0;do{num = in.read(buffer);out.write(buffer,0,num);}while(num>=0);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally{try {in.close();out.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("文件无法关闭");}}}//能够拷贝大文件private static void fileCopy3(String fileName, String dir1,String dir2){FileInputStream in = null;FileOutputStream out = null;try {in = new FileInputStream(dir1+fileName);out = new FileOutputStream(dir2+fileName);byte[] buffer = new byte[512];int num=0;while(in.available()>0){num = in.read(buffer);//最简单的加密for(int i=0;i<num;i++){buffer[i] = (byte)(buffer[i]+1);}out.write(buffer,0,num);}} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {}finally{try {in.close();out.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("文件无法关闭");}}}}

字符流ex
import java.io.FileReader;import java.io.FileWriter;import java.io.IOException;public class MyReaderWriter {private static final String LINE_SEPARATOR = System.getProperty("line.separator");public static void main(String[] args) {try {// writeToFile();//readFromFile();copyFile();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// writeToFile2();}private static void writeToFile() throws IOException {FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("aw.txt");fw.write("abcdkk");// fw.write("\n");// fw.write("\r\n");fw.write(LINE_SEPARATOR);fw.write("城市海陆空");// fw.flush();fw.close();}/* 用字符流写文件,模板 */private static void writeToFile2() {FileWriter fw = null;try {fw = new FileWriter("aw.txt");fw.write("abcdkk");fw.write(LINE_SEPARATOR);fw.write("城市海陆空");fw.flush();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (fw != null) {try {fw.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败!");}}}}private static void readFromFile() throws IOException {FileReader fr = new FileReader("aw.txt");//char c = (char) fr.read();//System.out.println(c);char[] buffer = new char[1024];int num;while((num=fr.read(buffer))!=-1){System.out.println( new String(buffer,0,num) );}}//用字符流拷贝,是不能拷非文本文件,会失真!private static void copyFile() throws IOException{FileReader fr = new FileReader("d:/ex/a/a.txt");FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("d:/ex/a/b.txt");char[] buffer = new char[512];int len=0;while((len=fr.read(buffer))!=-1){fw.write(buffer, 0, len);}fw.close();fr.close();}}



强化篇

一、RandomAccessFile

1、随机访问文件,自身具备读写的方法

new RandomAccessFile()之后,若文件不存在会自动创建,存在则不创建。——该类其实内部既封装了字节输入流,又封装了字节输出流。

该类若用write()方法写整数,每次只写它的最后一个字节。而采用writeInt()方法,则可把一个整数完整地写入。 

2、通过skipBytes(int x),seek(int x)来达到随机访问

通过seek方法设置数据的指针就可以实现对文件数据的随机读写。InputStream中的skip()方法只能从头往后跳,不能反向;而seek()方法可双向随便定位。

3、数据修改方面的特点

用RandomAccessFile类可以实现数据的修改,当然文件中的数据一般要有规律,以方便在编程时能够进行定位,让数据写对地方。 而用“流”实现数据修改时,则通常需要把数据从流读到数组当中,在数组中进行数据修改,然后再把修改后的数组

再重新写到流中。 

/* * 用IO流读取数据时,游标是会自动走的。 * 而RandomAccessFile的游标是不会自动向前移动的,要自己控制的 *  * 1)用RandomAccessFile类访问数据表记录的速度比Object流更快,因为后者查找匹配的是一个对象 * 2)InputStream类中的skip()方法只能从头往后跳,不能反向。而RandomAccessFile类中的seek()定位,可以双向随意定位。 * 3)如果存储的数据有规律(比如,数据库表中的数据),应该采用RandomAccessFile */import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.RandomAccessFile;public class RandomAcessFileDemo4 {public static void main(String[] args) {write2File();readFromFile();}private static void write2File() {RandomAccessFile rf = null;try {rf = new RandomAccessFile("d:/ex/a/r4.txt", "rw");for(int i=0;i<10;i++){rf.writeDouble(3.14f*i);}rf.seek(16);//绝对定位rf.writeDouble(0);rf.seek(rf.length());for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {rf.writeInt(15*i);rf.writeByte(5*i);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (rf != null) {try {rf.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("关流失败");}}}}private static void readFromFile() {RandomAccessFile rf = null;try {rf = new RandomAccessFile("d:/ex/a/r4.txt", "r");//long pointer = 0;//自己控制游标//long len = rf.length();////rf.skipBytes(2);//写入的是浮点,不需要跳//while (pointer < len) {//double d = rf.readDouble();//System.out.println(d);//pointer = rf.getFilePointer();//}//rf.seek(48);//double d = rf.readDouble();//System.out.println(d);rf.seek(85);int x = rf.readInt();System.out.println(x);} catch (IOException e1) {e1.printStackTrace();} finally {if (rf != null) {try {rf.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("关流失败");}}}}}


二、序列化

1、序列化

将一个对象存放到某种类型的永久存储器上称为保持。如果一个对象可以被存放到磁盘或磁带上,或者可以发送到另外一台机器并存放到存储器或磁盘上,那么这个对象就被称为可保持的。(在Java中,序列化、持久化、串行化是一个概念。)

java.io.Serializable接口没有任何方法,它只作为一个“标记者”,用来表明实现了这个接口的类可以考虑串行化。类中没有实现Serializable的对象不能保存或恢复它们的状态。 

2、对象图

当一个对象被串行化时,只有对象的数据被保存;方法和构造函数不属于串行化流。如果一个数据变量是一个对象,那么这个对象的数据成员也会被串行化。树或者对象数据的结构,包括这些子对象,构成了对象图。

3、瞬时 transient

防止对象的属性被序列化。

import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.ObjectInputStream;import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;import java.io.Serializable;public class TestSerializable {public static void main(String[] args) {//序列化---写(输出)到永久存储器FileOutputStream fout = null;try {fout = new FileOutputStream("a.txt");ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(fout);//Address类必须要实现Serializable接口,否则不能序列化//out.writeObject(new Address("aa",11,"12345678908"));//out.writeObject(new Address("bb",22,"12345888888"));//out.writeObject(new Address("cc",33,"12345666666"));//out.writeObject(new Address("dd",44,"12345777777"));out.writeObject(new Address(1,"aa",11,"12345678908"));out.writeObject(new Address(5,"bb",22,"12345888888"));//线程Thread本身是没有实现Serializable接口的,因此不能序列化//Thread t1 = new Thread();//out.writeObject(t1);//如果自定义线程类实现了Serializable接口,则可以序列化MyThread mt1 = new MyThread();out.writeObject(mt1);//反序列化----从永久存储器读取(输入)数据FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("a.txt");ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(fin);System.out.println(in.readObject());System.out.println(in.readObject());System.out.println(in.readObject());} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally{if(fout!=null){try {fout.close();} catch (IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("关流失败!");}}}}}class Address implements Serializable{transient int num; //瞬时变量,不会被序列化String name;int age;String tel;public Address(int num, String name, int age, String tel) {this.num = num;this.name = name;this.age = age;this.tel = tel;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Address [num=" + num + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age+ ", tel=" + tel + "]";}}class MyThread extends Thread implements Serializable{}


三、缓冲输入输出流(BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream)

方式1:(方案1是最优的)

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(                                            new BufferedInputStream(                                                         new FileInputStream("Test.txt")   );

方式2:

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(                                                                 new FileInputStream("Test.txt")   );

方式3:

BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(                                                        new DataInputStream(                                                            new FileInputStream("Test.java")  );
1)有buffer比没有更快;

2)buffer放在中间层包装比放在外层更快;

3)按行或按块操作 比 按字节或字符操作更快(用Object流操作的速度 比 字节字符方式 更快)

4)缓冲区要结合流才可以使用,在流的基础上对流的功能进行了增强。

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;public class BufferedStreamDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {try {//testRead1();//testRead2();testRead3();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public static void testRead1() throws Exception{long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();//起始时间DataInputStream din = new DataInputStream(               new BufferedInputStream(             new FileInputStream("test.xyz")));String strLine="";while((strLine=din.readLine())!=null ){System.out.println(strLine);}long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();//终止时间System.out.println("case1-time:"+(t2-t1));}public static void testRead2() throws Exception{long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();//起始时间DataInputStream din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("test.xyz"));String strLine="";while((strLine=din.readLine())!=null ){System.out.println(strLine);}long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();//终止时间System.out.println("case2-time:"+(t2-t1));}public static void testRead3() throws Exception{long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();//起始时间BufferedInputStream din = new BufferedInputStream(               new DataInputStream(             new FileInputStream("test.xyz")));byte bs[] = new byte[din.available()];din.read(bs);System.out.println(new String(bs));long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();//终止时间System.out.println("case3-time:"+(t2-t1));}}


四、转换流(InputStreamReader和OutputStreamWriter)

1、转换流功能1:充当字节流与字符流之间的桥梁

例:需求:模拟英文聊天程序,要求:

(1) 从键盘录入英文字符,每录一行就把它转成大写输出到控制台;

(2) 保存聊天记录到字节流文件。

要求1的设计分析:a)需要从键盘接收录入,得用System.in,它是字节输入流InputStream;

b)需要处理字符,可以自己把字节强转成字符,也可以用字符流;

c)需要类似readLine的功能,而这个方法在字符流BufferedReader中有(而且该类有缓冲增速)。

综上,采用转换流把字节流转成字符流处理比较合理,即使用InputStreamReader

 要求2的设计分析:

a)需要把字符数据按行保存到字节流文件 ;

b)字符流采用BufferedWriter比较合适,因为它有newLine方法且能实现高效;

c)字节流文件,得采用FileOutputStream。

综上,采用转换流把字符流转成字节流处理比较合理,即使用OutputStreamWriter

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.BufferedWriter;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;public class TransStreamDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {//输入InputStream in = System.in;//System.out.println(in.read());InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(isr);//String str =bufr.readLine();//输出FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("files\\out.txt",true);OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fout);BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(osw);//聊天String line=null;while( (line=bufr.readLine())!=null){//if(line.equals("over")){//break;//}if("over".equals(line)){//一个好的习惯:把字符串常量放在前面break;}System.out.println(line.toUpperCase());bufw.write(line.toUpperCase());bufw.newLine();bufw.flush();}//关流bufw.close();osw.close();fout.close();bufr.close();isr.close();}}

2、转换流功能2:字符编码转换

a)采用FileWriter以默认方式编码

    FileOutputStream+默认编码表

b)采用转换流以默认方式编码

   OutputStreamWriter + FileOutputStream + 默认编码表
c)采用转换流以指定编码方式编码

   OutputStreamWriter + FileOutputStream +指定编码表

d)采用转换流以指定编码方式解码

   InputStreamReader + FileInputStream +指定编码表

import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.FileReader;import java.io.FileWriter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;public class TransStreamDemo2 {public static void main(String[] args) {try {//readTestDecoding();writeTextEncoding();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public static void readTestDecoding() throws IOException{//FileReader fr = new FileReader("files\\utf8.txt");//采用默认编码表来解码(而且在MyEclipse中可以更改默认编码)//FileReader fr = new FileReader("files\\gbk.txt");//char cbuf[] = new char[50];//int len = fr.read(cbuf);//String str = new String(cbuf,0,len);//System.out.println(str);//fr.close();//通过转换流解决乱码InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("files\\gbk.txt"), "gbk");//InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("files\\utf8.txt"), "utf-8");char buf[] = new char[50];int len2 = isr.read(buf);String str2 = new String(buf,0,len2);System.out.println(str2);isr.close();}//输出流,字符流的编码解决方案public static void writeTextEncoding() throws IOException{//第一种  (使用默认编码表 )FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("files\\gbk-1.txt");fw.write("每天进步一点点...");fw.close();//内部含flush()的功能//第二种(相当于 FileOutputStream+默认编码表 )OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("files\\gbk-2.txt"));osw.write("每天进步一点点22222...");osw.close();//内部含flush()的功能//第三种(既明确字节输出流,又明确编码表 )OutputStreamWriter osw2 = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("files\\wutf8-1.txt"),"utf-8");osw2.write("每天进步一点点22222...");osw2.close();//内部含flush()的功能}}


五、打印流(PrintStream和PrintWriter)

1、打印流的特点

1)只有输出没有输入。PrintStream是字节打印流,PrintWriter是字符打印流。

2)能够方便地打印各种数据“值表示形式”,提供了一系列的打印功能(只有它有,其它流都没有。)

3)和其他输出流不同,它永远不会抛出IOException异常(构造方法除外),异常内部解决且设置了内部标志。

4)可创建具有自动刷新的功能,可使用带换行符的println()方法。

5)(在构造方法中)可以指定字符集编码的。

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintStream;public class PrintStreamDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {/*try {printStreamDemo();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}*/PrintStream outBak = System.out;changeOut(null);for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){System.out.println(i);}changeOut(outBak);for(int i=100;i<=110;i++){System.out.println(i);}}public static void printStreamDemo()throws IOException{PrintStream out = new PrintStream("aa.txt");//out.write(97);//输出该整数的最后一个字节 :97//out.write(353);//只输出该整数的最后一个字节 : 97   用于计算机内部处理的 out.print(97);//输出该整数的值的表现形式:'9'和'7' 用于给人看的//out.print(35378332);}/*void print(int i){out.write(String.valueOf(i));}*/public static void changeOut(PrintStream out0){PrintStream out=null;if(out0!=null){System.setOut(out0);}else{try {out = new PrintStream("aa2.log");System.setOut(out);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}


2、关于打印流的自动刷新

只有遇到结束字符(换行符)时才会自动刷新,如在调用其中一个println方法或写入换行符或字节('\n)时会自动刷新输出缓冲区。

import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.FileWriter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import java.io.PrintWriter;public class PrintWriterDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{//encodingDemo();//autoFlushDemo();autoFlushDemo2();}private static void encodingDemo() throws IOException {//PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter("gbk.txt");//用默认编码表//PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter("gbk.txt","utf-8");//指定编码表PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("gbk.txt"),"utf-8"));//要指定编码表,建议最好采用转换流,因为它就是专门用来指定编码的out.print("中国人民共和国");out.close(); //字符输出流,一定要刷新flush()。close()方法中带有flush()}private static void autoFlushDemo(){PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out,true);//(1)默认不自动刷新,因此下面还是要手动写flush()out.print("Hello World!");out.flush();PrintWriter out2 = new PrintWriter(System.out,true);//(2)默认不自动刷新,因此下面还是要手动写flush()out2.print("Hello World2!");//不会自动刷新out2.print("Hello World2!\n");//还是不会自动刷新out2.println("Hello World3!");//“会”自动刷新//println,pringf,format会自动刷新}//需求:将键盘录入的英文字符转成大写并按行存储到文件中,且带自动刷新功能private static void autoFlushDemo2()throws IOException{BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));//PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("recod.txt"));//默认不带自动刷新PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("recod.txt"),true);//默认不带自动刷新String line = null;while((line=bufr.readLine())!=null){if("over".equalsIgnoreCase(line)){break;}//out.write(line.toUpperCase()+"\r\n");//out.flush();out.println(line.toUpperCase());}}}


六、序列流、字节数组流

1、SequenceInputStream  ——对多个流进行合并

将多个流进行逻辑串联(合并变成一个流,操作起来很方便,因为多个源变成了一个源) 

import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.SequenceInputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Collections;import java.util.Enumeration;public class SequenceInputStreamDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{FileInputStream fis1 = new FileInputStream("filesequences\\seq1.txt");FileInputStream fis2 = new FileInputStream("filesequences\\seq2.txt");FileInputStream fis3 = new FileInputStream("filesequences\\seq3.txt");//需要枚举对象,通过Collections.enumeration(Collection t)来实现ArrayList<FileInputStream> v = new ArrayList<FileInputStream>();v.add(fis1);v.add(fis2);v.add(fis3);Enumeration<FileInputStream> en = Collections.enumeration(v);SequenceInputStream sis = new SequenceInputStream(en);FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("filesequences\\merge.txt");byte buf[] = new byte[1024];int len=0;while((len=sis.read(buf))!=-1){fos.write(buf, 0, len);}fos.close();sis.close();}}

2、字节数组流

    ByteArrayInputStream与ByteArrayOutputStream

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;public class ByteArrayStreamDemo {public static void main(String[] args) {ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream("dssd2323232".getBytes());ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();int ch=0;while((ch=bis.read())!=-1){bos.write(ch);}System.out.println( bos.toString() );}}


七、IO流知识点小结

1、知识点

a、流是用来处理数据的。

b、处理数据时,一定要先明确数据源与数据目的地(数据汇)。

c、数据源可以是文件、键盘或者其他流。

d、数据目的地可以是文件、显示器或者其他流。

e、流只是在帮助数据进行传输,并对传输的数据进行处理,比如过滤处理、转换处理等。

2、 IO流体系

使用要点:看顶层(父类共性功能),用底层(子类具体对象)。

命名规律:每个子类的后缀名都是所属体系的父类的名称,很容易区分所属的体系。

而且每一个子类前缀名都是该子类对象的功能体现。

(掌握IO流体系的要点和规律,开发时设计与查找相应的类就容易多了)

八、IO流的操作规律

1、明确源和目的。

源:InputStream   Reader 一定是被读取的。

目的:OutputStream  Writer 一定是被写入的。

2、处理的数据是否是纯文本的数据?

是:使用字符流。Reader Writer

否:使用字节流。 InputStream OutputStream

(到这里,两个明确确定完,就可以确定出要使用哪个体系。接下来,就应该明确具体这个体系要使用哪个具体的对象。【所谓的看顶层】)

3、明确数据所在的设备。

源设备:

键盘(System.in)  

  硬盘(FileXXX)FileReader FileInputStream 

内存(数组)ByteArrayInputStream CharArrayReader StringReader

网络(Socket)

 目的设备:  

显示器(控制台System.out)

   硬盘(FileXXX)FileWriter FileOutputStream

  内存(数组)ByteArrayOutputStream CharArrayWriter StringWriter

  网络(Socket) 

(到这里,具体使用哪个对象就可以明确了。【所谓的用底层】)

4、明确是否需要额外功能?

1) 是否需要高效?缓冲区Buffered (字符与字节各两个)

2) 是否需要转换?转换流  InputStreamReader OutputStreamWriter

3) 是否操作基本数据类型? DataInputStream  DataOutputStream

4) 是否操作对象(对象序列化)? ObjectInputStream ObjectOutputStream 

5) 需要对多个源合并吗? SequenceInputStream

6) 需要保证数据的表现形式到目的地吗? PrintStream 或 PrintWriter 

(到这里,具体的设计方案就可以明确了。【套接与功能加强】)


IO流的操作规律之设计方案练习

需求1:复制一个文本文件。

1、明确源和目的。

源:InputStream   Reader

目的:OutputStream  Writer

2、处理的数据是否是纯文本的数据?

源:Reader

目的:Writer

3、明确数据所在的设备。

源:file(硬盘) FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");

目的:file(硬盘) FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("b.txt");

4、明确是否需要额外功能?

BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("a.txt"));

BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("b.txt"));

需求2:复制一个图片文件。

1、明确源和目的。

源:InputStream   Reader

目的:OutputStream  Writer

2、处理的数据是否是纯文本的数据?

源:Reader

目的:Writer

3、明确数据所在的设备。

源:file(硬盘) FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");

目的:file(硬盘) FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("b.txt");

4、明确是否需要额外功能?

BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("a.txt"));

BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("b.txt"));

需求3:读取键盘录入,存储到一个文件中。

1、明确源和目的。

源:InputStream   Reader

目的:OutputStream  Writer

2、处理的数据是否是纯文本的数据?

源:Reader

目的:Writer

3、明确数据所在的设备。

源:file(硬盘) InputStream in = System.in; 原因:必须要将键盘录入的字节转成字符。需要将字节-->字符的转换流。InputStreamReader

目的:file(硬盘) FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("b.txt");

4、明确是否需要额外功能?

InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(System.in);

FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("a.txt");

高效:BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader( isr);

BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter( fw );

需求4:读取一个文本文件,显示到显示器上。

1、明确源和目的。

源:InputStream   Reader

目的:OutputStream  Writer

2、处理的数据是否是纯文本的数据?

源:Reader

目的:Writer

3、明确数据所在的设备。

源:file(硬盘) FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");

目的:显示器  OutputStream out = System.out; 原因:要将字符数据转换成字节输出。输出转换流:OutputStreamWriter

4、明确是否需要额外功能?

FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");

OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(System.out);

高效:BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader( fr);

BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter( osw );

需求5:读取一个文本文件,将文本按照指定的编码表UTF-8写入到另一个文件中

1、明确源和目的。

源:InputStream   Reader

目的:OutputStream  Writer

2、处理的数据是否是纯文本的数据?

源:Reader

目的:Writer

3、明确数据所在的设备。

源:file(硬盘) FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");

目的:file(硬盘) FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream("b.txt")原因:假定输出时要为字符数据指定编码表。转换流中的参数需要字节流,因此用转换流:FileOutputStream。

4、明确是否需要额外功能?

FileReader fr = new FileReader("a.txt");

OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fout,”utf-8”);

高效:BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader( fr);

BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter( osw );

九、两大例题

1、文件切割与合并

点击打开链接

2、字符串截取

点击打开链接

虽然看上去很多,其实仔细看看也没什么,无非是看懂加强片中的八中所讲的内容,就可以随手写io了。












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