C#的6种常用集合类
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一.先来说说数组的不足（也可以说集合与数组的区别）：
1.数组是固定大小的，不能伸缩。虽然System.Array.Resize这个泛型方法可以重置数组大小，但是该方法是重新创建新设置大小的数组，用的是旧数组的元素初始化。随后以前的数组就废弃！而集合却是可变长的
2.数组要声明元素的类型，集合类的元素类型却是object.
3.数组可读可写不能声明只读数组。集合类可以提供ReadOnly方法以只读方式使用集合。
4.数组要有整数下标才能访问特定的元素，然而很多时候这样的下标并不是很有用。集合也是数据列表却不使用下标访问。很多时候集合有定制的下标类型，对于队列和栈根本就不支持下标访问！
二.下面讲述6种常用集合
1.ArrayList类
1
using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Collections;
5namespace ConsoleApplication1
6
{
7
class Program
8
{
9 static void Main(string[] args)
10 {
11 ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
12 al.Add(100);//单个添加
13 foreach (int number in new int[6] 
{ 9, 3, 7, 2, 4, 8 })
14 {
15 al.Add(number);//集体添加方法一//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
16
}
17 int[] number2 = new int[2] { 11,12 };
18 al.AddRange(number2);//集体添加方法二
19 al.Remove(3);//移除值为3的
20 al.RemoveAt(3);//移除第3个
21 ArrayList al2 = new ArrayList(al.GetRange(1, 3));//新ArrayList只取旧ArrayList一部份
22
23
24 Console.WriteLine("遍历方法一:");
25 foreach (int i in al)//不要强制转换
26 {
27 Console.WriteLine(i);//遍历方法一
28 }
29
30 Console.WriteLine("遍历方法二:");
31 for (int i = 0; i != al2.Count; i++)//数组是length
32 {
33 int number = (int)al2[i];//一定要强制转换
34 Console.WriteLine(number);//遍历方法二
35
36 }
37 }
38 }
39
}
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Text;4
using System.Collections;5
namespace ConsoleApplication16
{7
class Program8
{9
static void Main(string[] args)10
{11
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();12
al.Add(100);//单个添加13
foreach (int number in new int[6] { 9, 3, 7, 2, 4, 8 })14
{15
al.Add(number);//集体添加方法一//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/ 16
}17
int[] number2 = new int[2] { 11,12 };18
al.AddRange(number2);//集体添加方法二19
al.Remove(3);//移除值为3的20
al.RemoveAt(3);//移除第3个21
ArrayList al2 = new ArrayList(al.GetRange(1, 3));//新ArrayList只取旧ArrayList一部份22
23
24
Console.WriteLine("遍历方法一:");25
foreach (int i in al)//不要强制转换26
{27
Console.WriteLine(i);//遍历方法一28
}29
30
Console.WriteLine("遍历方法二:");31
for (int i = 0; i != al2.Count; i++)//数组是length32
{33
int number = (int)al2[i];//一定要强制转换34
Console.WriteLine(number);//遍历方法二35
36
}37
}38
}39
}2.Stack类
栈，后进先出。push方法入栈，pop方法出栈。
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Collections;
5namespace ConsoleApplication1
6{
7 class Program
8 {
9 static void Main(string[] args)
10 {
11 Stack sk = new Stack();
12 Stack sk2 = new Stack();
13 foreach (int i in new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 })
14 {
15 sk.Push(i);//填充
16 sk2.Push(i);
17 }
18
19 foreach (int i in sk)
20 {
21 Console.WriteLine(i);//遍历
22 }
23
24 sk.Pop();
25 Console.WriteLine("Pop");
26 foreach (int i in sk)
27 {
28 Console.WriteLine(i);
29 }
30
31 sk2.Peek();//弹出最后一项不删除//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
32 Console.WriteLine("Peek");
33 foreach (int i in sk2)
34 {
35 Console.WriteLine(i);
36 }
37
38 while (sk2.Count != 0)
39 {
40 int i = (int)sk2.Pop();//清空
41 sk2.Pop();//清空
42 }
43 Console.WriteLine("清空");
44 foreach (int i in sk2)
45 {
46 Console.WriteLine(i);
47 }
48 }
49 }
50}
51
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Text;4
using System.Collections;5
namespace ConsoleApplication16
{7
class Program8
{9
static void Main(string[] args)10
{11
Stack sk = new Stack();12
Stack sk2 = new Stack();13
foreach (int i in new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 })14
{15
sk.Push(i);//填充16
sk2.Push(i);17
}18
19
foreach (int i in sk)20
{21
Console.WriteLine(i);//遍历22
}23
24
sk.Pop();25
Console.WriteLine("Pop");26
foreach (int i in sk)27
{28
Console.WriteLine(i);29
}30
31
sk2.Peek();//弹出最后一项不删除//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/ 32
Console.WriteLine("Peek");33
foreach (int i in sk2)34
{35
Console.WriteLine(i);36
}37
38
while (sk2.Count != 0)39
{40
int i = (int)sk2.Pop();//清空41
sk2.Pop();//清空42
}43
Console.WriteLine("清空");44
foreach (int i in sk2)45
{46
Console.WriteLine(i);47
}48
}49
}50
}51
3.Queue类
队列，先进先出。enqueue方法入队列，dequeue方法出队列。
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Collections;
5namespace ConsoleApplication1
6{
7 class Program
8 {
9 static void Main(string[] args)
10 {
11 Queue qu = new Queue();
12 Queue qu2 = new Queue();
13 foreach (int i in new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 })
14 {
15 qu.Enqueue(i);//填充
16 qu2.Enqueue(i);
17 }
18
19 foreach (int i in qu)
20 {
21 Console.WriteLine(i);//遍历
22 }
23
24 qu.Dequeue();
25 Console.WriteLine("Dequeue");
26 foreach (int i in qu)
27 {
28 Console.WriteLine(i);
29 }
30
31 qu2.Peek();//弹出最后一项不删除
32 Console.WriteLine("Peek");
33 foreach (int i in qu2)
34 {
35 Console.WriteLine(i);
36 }
37
38 while (qu2.Count != 0)
39 {
40 int i = (int)qu2.Dequeue();//清空
41 qu2.Dequeue();//清空
42 }
43 Console.WriteLine("清空");
44 foreach (int i in qu2)
45 {
46 Console.WriteLine(i);
47 }
48 }
49 }
50}
51
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Text;4
using System.Collections;5
namespace ConsoleApplication16
{7
class Program8
{9
static void Main(string[] args)10
{11
Queue qu = new Queue();12
Queue qu2 = new Queue();13
foreach (int i in new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 })14
{15
qu.Enqueue(i);//填充16
qu2.Enqueue(i);17
}18
19
foreach (int i in qu)20
{21
Console.WriteLine(i);//遍历22
}23
24
qu.Dequeue();25
Console.WriteLine("Dequeue");26
foreach (int i in qu)27
{28
Console.WriteLine(i);29
}30
31
qu2.Peek();//弹出最后一项不删除32
Console.WriteLine("Peek");33
foreach (int i in qu2)34
{35
Console.WriteLine(i);36
}37
38
while (qu2.Count != 0)39
{40
int i = (int)qu2.Dequeue();//清空41
qu2.Dequeue();//清空42
}43
Console.WriteLine("清空");44
foreach (int i in qu2)45
{46
Console.WriteLine(i);47
}48
}49
}50
}51
4.Hashtable类
哈希表，名-值对。类似于字典(比数组更强大)。哈希表是经过优化的，访问下标的对象先散列过。如果以任意类型键值访问其中元素会快于其他集合。GetHashCode()方法返回一个int型数据，使用这个键的值生成该int型数据。哈希表获取这个值最后返回一个索引，表示带有给定散列的数据项在字典中存储的位置。
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Collections;
5namespace ConsoleApplication1
6{
7 class Program
8 {
9 public static void Main()
10 {
11
12 // Creates and initializes a new Hashtable.
13 Hashtable myHT = new Hashtable();
14 myHT.Add("one", "The");
15 myHT.Add("two", "quick");
16 myHT.Add("three", "brown");
17 myHT.Add("four", "fox");
18
19 // Displays the Hashtable.//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
20 Console.WriteLine("The Hashtable contains the following:");
21 PrintKeysAndValues(myHT);
22 }
23
24
25 public static void PrintKeysAndValues(Hashtable myHT)
26 {
27 foreach (string s in myHT.Keys)
28 Console.WriteLine(s);
29
30 Console.WriteLine(" -KEY- -VALUE-");
31 foreach (DictionaryEntry de in myHT)
32 Console.WriteLine(" {0}: {1}", de.Key, de.Value);
33 Console.WriteLine();
34 }
35 }
36}
37
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Text;4
using System.Collections;5
namespace ConsoleApplication16
{7
class Program8
{9
public static void Main()10
{11
12
// Creates and initializes a new Hashtable.13
Hashtable myHT = new Hashtable();14
myHT.Add("one", "The");15
myHT.Add("two", "quick");16
myHT.Add("three", "brown");17
myHT.Add("four", "fox");18
19
// Displays the Hashtable.//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/ 20
Console.WriteLine("The Hashtable contains the following:");21
PrintKeysAndValues(myHT);22
}23
24
25
public static void PrintKeysAndValues(Hashtable myHT)26
{27
foreach (string s in myHT.Keys)28
Console.WriteLine(s);29
30
Console.WriteLine(" -KEY- -VALUE-");31
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in myHT)32
Console.WriteLine(" {0}: {1}", de.Key, de.Value);33
Console.WriteLine();34
}35
}36
}37
5.SortedList类
与哈希表类似，区别在于SortedList中的Key数组排好序的。
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Text;
4using System.Collections;
5namespace ConsoleApplication1
6{
7 class Program
8 {
9 public static void Main()
10 {
11
12 SortedList sl = new SortedList();
13 sl["c"] = 41;
14 sl["a"] = 42;
15 sl["d"] = 11;
16 sl["b"] = 13;
17
18 foreach (DictionaryEntry element in sl)
19 {
20 string s = (string)element.Key;
21 int i = (int)element.Value;
22 Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}",s,i);
23 }
24 }
25 }
26}
27
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Text;4
using System.Collections;5
namespace ConsoleApplication16
{7
class Program8
{9
public static void Main()10
{11
12
SortedList sl = new SortedList();13
sl["c"] = 41;14
sl["a"] = 42;15
sl["d"] = 11;16
sl["b"] = 13;17
18
foreach (DictionaryEntry element in sl)19
{20
string s = (string)element.Key;21
int i = (int)element.Value;22
Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}",s,i);23
}24
}25
}26
}27
6.NameValueCollection类
官方给NameValueCollection定义为特殊集合一类，在System.Collections.Specialized下。
System.Collections.Specialized下还有HybridDicionary类，建议少于10个元素用HybridDicionary，当元素增加会自动转为HashTable。
System.Collections.Specialized下还有HybridDicionary类，字符串集合。
System.Collections.Specialized下还有其他类大家可以各取所需！
言归正转主要说NameValueCollection，HashTable 和 NameValueCollection很类似但是他们还是有区别的，HashTable 的KEY是唯一性，而NameValueCollection则不唯一！
1using System;
2using System.Collections.Generic;
3using System.Collections;
4using System.Collections.Specialized;
5namespace ConsoleApplication1
6{
7 class Program
8 {
9 static void Main(string[] args)
10 {
11 System.Collections.Hashtable ht = new System.Collections.Hashtable();
12 ht.Add("DdpMDisplaySeq".Trim(), "Display Sequence".Trim());
13 ht.Add("DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (Chinese)".Trim());
14 ht.Add("DdpMNameEng".Trim(), "Name (English)".Trim());
15 ht.Add("Comment".Trim(), "Comment".Trim());
16 ht.Add("DdpMMarketCode".Trim(), "Market Code".Trim());
17 foreach (object key in ht.Keys)
18 {
19 Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} {2},{3}", key, ht[key], key.GetHashCode(), ht[key].GetHashCode());
20 }
21 Console.WriteLine(" ");//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/
22 NameValueCollection myCol = new NameValueCollection();
23 myCol.Add("DdpMDisplaySeq".Trim(), "Display Sequence".Trim());
24 myCol.Add("DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (Chinese)".Trim());
25 myCol.Add("DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (English)".Trim());
26 myCol.Add("Comment".Trim(), "Comment".Trim());
27 myCol.Add("DdpMMarketCode".Trim(), "Market Code".Trim());
28 foreach (string key in myCol.Keys)
29 {
30 Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} {2},{3}", key, myCol[key], key.GetHashCode(), myCol[key].GetHashCode());
31 }
32 }
33 }
34}
35
using System;2
using System.Collections.Generic;3
using System.Collections;4
using System.Collections.Specialized;5
namespace ConsoleApplication16
{7
class Program8
{9
static void Main(string[] args)10
{11
System.Collections.Hashtable ht = new System.Collections.Hashtable();12
ht.Add("DdpMDisplaySeq".Trim(), "Display Sequence".Trim());13
ht.Add("DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (Chinese)".Trim());14
ht.Add("DdpMNameEng".Trim(), "Name (English)".Trim());15
ht.Add("Comment".Trim(), "Comment".Trim());16
ht.Add("DdpMMarketCode".Trim(), "Market Code".Trim());17
foreach (object key in ht.Keys)18
{19
Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} {2},{3}", key, ht[key], key.GetHashCode(), ht[key].GetHashCode());20
}21
Console.WriteLine(" ");//清清月儿 http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/ 22
NameValueCollection myCol = new NameValueCollection();23
myCol.Add("DdpMDisplaySeq".Trim(), "Display Sequence".Trim());24
myCol.Add("DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (Chinese)".Trim());25
myCol.Add("DdpMNameChi".Trim(), "Name (English)".Trim());26
myCol.Add("Comment".Trim(), "Comment".Trim());27
myCol.Add("DdpMMarketCode".Trim(), "Market Code".Trim());28
foreach (string key in myCol.Keys)29
{30
Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1} {2},{3}", key, myCol[key], key.GetHashCode(), myCol[key].GetHashCode());31
}32
}33
}34
}35
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