hdu 2814

In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are a sequence of numbers named after Leonardo of Pisa, known as Fibonacci (a contraction of filius Bonaccio, "son of Bonaccio"). Fibonacci's 1202 book Liber Abaci introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics, although the sequence had been previously described in Indian mathematics.
  The first number of the sequence is 0, the second number is 1, and each subsequent number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers of the sequence itself, yielding the sequence 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, etc. In mathematical terms, it is defined by the following recurrence relation:

That is, after two starting values, each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers. The first Fibonacci numbers (sequence A000045 in OEIS), also denoted as F[n];
F[n] can be calculate exactly by the following two expressions:


A Fibonacci spiral created by drawing arcs connecting the opposite corners of squares in the Fibonacci tiling; this one uses squares of sizes 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, and 34;

So you can see how interesting the Fibonacci number is.
Now AekdyCoin denote a function G(n)

Now your task is quite easy, just help AekdyCoin to calculate the value of G (n) mod C

 

Input

The input consists of T test cases. The number of test cases (T is given in the first line of the input. Each test case begins with a line containing A, B, N, C (10<=A, B<2^64, 2<=N<2^64, 1<=C<=300)

 

Output

For each test case, print a line containing the test case number( beginning with 1) followed by a integer which is the value of G(N) mod C

 

Sample Input

117 18446744073709551615 1998 139

 

Sample Output

Case 1: 120

 

Author

AekdyCoin

 

Source

HDU 1st “Old-Vegetable-Birds Cup” Programming Open Contest

公式推导，要非常非常的仔细，不然你懂得（）

#include <iostream>#include <stdio.h>using namespace std;int quickmod (unsigned long long a,unsigned long long b,int c){  unsigned long long tmp=1;  while(b>1)  {   if(b%2==0)   {    a=a*a%c;    b=b/2;   }   else   {    tmp=tmp*a%c;    b--;   }  }  return a*tmp%c;}int eular(int n){  int ret=1;  for(int i=2;i*i<=n;i++)  {   if(n%i==0)   {    n/=i,ret*=i-1;    while(n%i==0)    {     n/=i;     ret*=i;    }   }  }  if(n>1)    ret*=n-1; return ret;}int main(){    int data[90010],data1[90010],len,len1,c1,g1,g2,n1,n2;    unsigned long long a,b,n;    int c,t;    data[0]=0;    data[1]=1;    data1[0]=0;    data1[1]=1;    cin>>t;    for(int p=1;p<=t;p++)    {     cin>>a>>b>>n>>c;     if(c==1)     {      printf("Case %d: 0\n",p);      continue;     }     for(int i=2;i<=90003;i++)     {      data[i]=(data[i-1]+data[i-2])%c;      if(data[i]==1&&data[i-1]==0)      {       len=i-1;       break;      }     }     c1=eular(c);     if(c1>1)     {      for(int i=2;i<=90003;i++)     {      data1[i]=(data1[i-1]+data1[i-2])%c1;      if(data1[i]==1&&data1[i-1]==0)      {       len1=i-1;       break;      }     }     }     n1=quickmod(a%len,b,len);     g1=data[n1];     if(c1==1)     g2=0;     else     {      n2=quickmod(a%len1,b,len1);      g2=data1[n2];     }     int yu=quickmod(g2,n-1,c1);     int yu1=quickmod(g1,yu+c1,c);     if(n==1)     printf("Case %d: %d\n",p,g1);     else     printf("Case %d: %d\n",p,yu1);     }    return 0;}